Loading...

Investigation of spring back phenomenon in the 316L stainless steel cathode blank based on the changes in electrical resistivity and magnetic properties due to the residual stress and martensite phase formation: An industrial failure

Shojaei, M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2021

338 Viewed
  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105473
  3. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd , 2021
  4. Abstract:
  5. 316L stainless steel is widely used as cathode blank in copper electrorefining. These cathode blanks become distorted through the cathode stripping in the cathode stripping machine and must be straightened before using again. After several times repeated cold straightening, the cathode blank spring backs to its distorted position during electrorefining resulted in short circuits and current efficiency decreases. The objectives of this study were to: i) investigate the cathode blank spring back behavior and properties; ii) propose a solution adhere to the subject. To achieve these goals, more than 20 samples are selected and cut into small pieces to simulate the cold straightening process. The samples are being bent at different angel including 20°, 40°, 60° and 90°. Sin2φ method is used to measure the residual stress and determine its effect on the electrical resistivity. After that, the formation of the martensitic phase was investigated by XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy, micro-hardness and hysteresis loop analyses. Finally, heat treatment was applied to reduce the spring back phenomenon. The results revealed that both residual stress and martensite formation phase plays a key role in spring back phenomenon. It seems that the appropriate control of dimensional changes through cold straightening followed by efficient stress reliving cycle can effectively reduce the occurrence of spring back. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
  6. Keywords:
  7. Copper electrorefining ; Heat treatment ; Martensite phase transformation ; Residual stress ; Spring back ; Stainless steel cathode blank
  8. Source: Engineering Failure Analysis ; Volume 126 , 2021 ; 13506307 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1350630721003332