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The Management of Land-Based Pollution in Wetlands: A Case Study of Miankaleh Wetland

Radseresht Hamedani, Mohammad | 2022

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 55631 (09)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Civil Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Raie, Mohammad
  7. Abstract:
  8. Gorgan Bay and Miankaleh Wetland are considered as one of the biosphere reserves and among the areas of international importance in the Ramsar Convention, thus they have great importance. These two inseparable zones are located in the southeast of the Caspian Sea and are connected to the Caspian Sea through Chapaghli Canal and Ashuradeh Canal. The health and water quality of this area has undergone many changes over the years, and the re-reduction of its water level has caused concern among environmental activists. Since Miankaleh wetland is a shallow and semi-enclosed water area that is connected to the Caspian Sea through two narrow canals, pollutants that enter it from land will have a long retention time in the wetland. Therefore, control and management of land-based pollutant sources are of great importance in improving the conditions of this water area. There are different solutions for each pollutant source and each problem, and these solutions should be reviewed. According to the conditions in the region, facilities, and needs, the best method or set of methods should be selected and presented as a coherent management plan. The framework used in this research is made up of six steps: Creating Participation, Identifying Problems, Identifying Solutions, Designing a Management Plan, Implementing the Plan, and Evaluating and Modifying the Plan. This study examined the first four steps and provided recommendations for the next steps. According to this framework, first, the stakeholders were identified and the problem of nutrition and low water quality of the wetland were identified as the main problems. By examining the sources of pollutants and calculating the pollutants entering the wetland, agriculture, municipal wastewater, and industrial wastewater were identified as the main pollutants. Then the strategies for adopting Conservation Tillage, constructing Buffer Zones and covering canals with plants against agricultural pollutants and equipping existing treatment plants, and constructing new treatment plants against municipal and industrial wastewater, to the title Best Management Solutions were selected. According to the calculations and previous studies, the performance of each method and the cost of each project were compared and the Cost to Load Reduction Ratios were calculated and the construction of Buffer Zones, Conservation Tillage, and completion of wastewater treatment equipment was prioritized, respectively. Also, among the wastewater treatment projects, the completion and equipping of treatment plants in Bandar-e-Gaz and Bandar-e-Turkmen cities with nutrient removal systems gained the highest priority. Finally, in a 5-year schedule, the order of implementation of the plans was determined
  9. Keywords:
  10. Goragan Bay ; Pollution Sources Management ; Miankaleh Peninsula ; Point Source Pollution ; Land-Based Pollution Sources ; Non-Point Source Pollution ; Pollution Load Calculation

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