Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, the prospects of energy efficiency potential, clean development mechanism (CDM) and carbon income up to and beyond 2012 are investigated in the petrochemical industries of Iran as a major oil-producing country. This paper is to address four questions of: (1) the GHGs emission in Iranian petrochemical complexes, (2) the most energy-consuming processes, (3) units with the highest energy efficiency potentials and (4) potentials of CDM or similar carbon projects based on post-2012 scenarios. The petrochemical processes are investigated in two categories of non-polymeric and polymeric productions. Based on capital expenditure, economic saving, simple payback period, CO2 equivalent... 

Experimental hydrodynamics imaging of four Pangasius sanitwongsei were considered. A quantitative characterization of caudal fin is presented in this article. Steady swimming of four P. sanitwongsei with different total length was studied experimentally and taped by high-speed digital video, and undulatory movement of each fish at different velocity was revealed. The pattern of body undulatory movement of the fish was drawn from the video images. Three main factors that determine the fish swimming behavior are Reynolds number, Strouhal number and shape. In this study, Lf/L was chosen as a characteristic of shape, where Lf was the distance from the start of the head to the end of the head.... 

Considering the wide spread locations of wind farms in Iran, it is important to develop a suitable decision support system (DSS) to fulfill proper management of wind farms. Extensive literature survey indicates that there are no integrated forms of DSS to manage a set of wind farms. The existing wind farms are performing independently, and there is no practical method for exchanging the online data. DSS can contribute to optimal operation of wind farms, operation and maintenance scheduling, pricing policy, etc. In this study, a geographic information system and RETSCREEN software were linked to the designed DSS to achieve a more suitable result. Also, a huge number of data are constantly... 

Considering the wide spread locations of wind farms in Iran, it is important to develop a suitable decision support system (DSS) to fulfill proper management of wind farms. Extensive literature survey indicates that there are no integrated forms of DSS to manage a set of wind farms. The existing wind farms are performing independently, and there is no practical method for exchanging the online data. DSS can contribute to optimal operation of wind farms, operation and maintenance scheduling, pricing policy, etc. In this study, a geographic information system and RETSCREEN software were linked to the designed DSS to achieve a more suitable result. Also, a huge number of data are constantly... 

In this study, in order to indicate the best airfoil profile for the different sections of a blade, five airfoils including S8xx, FFA, and AH series were studied. Among the most popular wind power blades for this application were selected, in order to find the optimum performance. Nowadays, modern wind turbines are using blades with multi-airfoils at different sections. On the large scale profile, SST K-ω model with different wind speed at large-scale profile was applied to the simulation of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). The aerodynamic simulation was accomplished using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method based on the finite volume method. The governing equations applied in... 

Residential and commercial sectors, share a significant portion of energy consumption in Iran; 37 percent of the total per capita consumption. Therefore, identification of the relation between revenue and energy consumption could be a great assistance to policy makers for clarification of policies employed in energy sector. This paper attempts to explore and analyze the relationship between revenue and energy consumption in residential and commercial sectors for the years 1969 to 2009 in Iran by Smooth Transition Regression Models. Smooth transition regression model is a nonlinear time series model which can be considered as a developed form of Switching Regression Model. The obtained... 

Pricing for an insurance policy can be described as the process of calculation of expected compensation to be paid to property losers as well as associated costs of potential risks. Loss forecast is accurate if the risks will be identified appropriately in order to calculate the frequency and expected severity of losses.This is particularly important about environmental risks since most of them appear in the long run. Environmental risk assessment model is both able to estimate the environmental liability premium for environmental pollution and degradation, and it can play a valuable role in promoting this industry. ELIS (Environmental Liability Insurance) software calculates the... 

One of the underlying factors in the conservation and development of urban green spaces is the available water resources use for green areas in each region. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the integration of a proper simulation method for runoff along with AHP-PROMETHEE decision-making method for water resources management in urban basins. The application of this approach was investigated in the city Buin Zahra of Qazvin Province of Iran. In the first step by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the available water resources in the case study were weighted. In the second step, the water resources of the municipal and residential wells and water collected by... 

One of the underlying factors in the conservation and development of urban green spaces is the available water resources use for green areas in each region. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the integration of a proper simulation method for runoff along with AHP-PROMETHEE decision-making method for water resources management in urban basins. The application of this approach was investigated in the city Buin Zahra of Qazvin Province of Iran. In the first step by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the available water resources in the case study were weighted. In the second step, the water resources of the municipal and residential wells and water collected by... 

Water molecules are one of the important molecules in nanofluidics. Its structure and its behavior can change with Temperature and cut-off distance parameters. In this study temperature and cut-off distance effects on the nano-scale water molecules behavior are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Many water molecular models have been developed in order to help discover the structure of water molecules. In this study, the flexible three centered (TIP3P-C) water potential is used to model the inter- and intramolecular interactions of the water molecules. In this simulation, we have been studied 512 water molecules with periodic boundary conditions and in a simulation box with 25... 

This paper presents a new model to short-term prediction of air pollution using a new structure is based on the intelligent neural networks. A new structure known as Time Delay Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computer (TD-CMAC), an extension to the CMAC, it requires fewer memory sizes. The new model is demonstrated and validated with three primary air pollutants known as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). The simulation results for the half an hour ahead-prediction of the air pollutant data set show that the suggested new model is suitable for our purpose  

Dam construction in arid and semiarid regions is generally related to the risk of increased salinity, due to water passage in contact with salty formations. Hence, it is important to take reservoir thermal and salinity stratification into account in operational rules. In the present study, a simulation–optimization model was developed to determine the amount of water release from various outlets to discharge the brine from hypolimnion layer considering the downstream water quality limitations. The most appropriate time, rate, and concentration to release brine were determined based on water consumption conditions and downstream water demand and river ecology characteristics. The proposed... 

In the 21st century, the world population is growing at a spiraling pace. Much of this growth is occurring in developing countries, where access to food, sanitary water, education, and health is severely limited. The ever-increasing urbanization highlighted the need for sustainable development based on human-environment interaction. The excessive and unplanned expansion of cities has resulted in numerous environmental predicaments due to clearly emphasized economic issues at the expense of social and environmental concerns. The most significant features of megacities are indicated in this paper and the environmental, social, physical, and economic criteria are addressed in order to attain... 

The climate change and human development in lake catchments have put these habitats in drying conditions, e.g. Aral Sea in Asia, Lake Chad in Africa, Lake Mead in USA, Lake Urmia in Iran, etc. These ecosystems play an important role in social, ecological, and economic activities. Lake Urmia, recognized as an international wetland in 1973 and located in Iran, which is the second largest hypersaline lake in the world, is in the same state. Lake Urmia biologically and ecologically is one of the most interesting places in the world. This lake is a habitat for various species. The lake's surface has shrunken from 6000 km2 to 900 km2 in 2013. The statistics indicate that the population has... 

Public participation is counted as one of the main indexes in sustainable urban management. Based on their nature, metropolitan cities has several and complex problems. For this purpose Tehran metropolitan area is selected. Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) weighted through a made-byresearcher questionnaire. The reliability of the model was verified by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Evaluation matrix for internal and external factors was equal to 1.944 and 3.413, respectively. The strategies were classified and prioritize by quantitative matrix. Suitable strategies for Tehran city are as follows: developing a strategic plan in field of social control participatory management for... 

Over the past few decades, industrial development has caused a dramatic increment in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as a leading cause of climate change. Modifying the industrial plants' environmental performance is the main pillar of improving efficiency that can reduce the waste of resources and make achieving lower-cost global emission reduction targets of the Kyoto protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM) possible. Considering the essentiality of knowledge-based research in increasing the awareness of policymakers by providing better access to accurate and reliable information, an analytical survey on efficiency in oil, gas, and petrochemical industries has been conducted by... 

Over the past few decades, industrial development has caused a dramatic increment in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as a leading cause of climate change. Modifying the industrial plants' environmental performance is the main pillar of improving efficiency that can reduce the waste of resources and make achieving lower-cost global emission reduction targets of the Kyoto protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM) possible. Considering the essentiality of knowledge-based research in increasing the awareness of policymakers by providing better access to accurate and reliable information, an analytical survey on efficiency in oil, gas, and petrochemical industries has been conducted by... 

The prospects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and for carbon income, up to and beyond 2012, in the industrial sectors of Iran and five other Asian countries are investigated. The attractiveness and suitability of each host country, the status of their industrial sectors (based on four post-2012 scenarios), and the post-2012 potential of the CDM (or similar carbon projects) in these sectors are all examined. A multi-criteria analysis of Iran, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, China, and India, based on seven sets of criteria (institutional, regulatory, economic, political, social, CDM experience, and energy production/consumption), is conducted, and the post-2012 potential carbon incomes... 

In this paper, we propose the first interrelated power and latency mathematical model for the Networks-on-Chip (NoC) architecture with mesh topology. Through an analytical approach, we show the importance of tile selection in which the hot (frequently accessed) IP core is mapped. Taking into account the effect of blocking in both power and latency models, causes the estimated values to be more accurate. Simulation results confirm the reasonable accuracy of the proposed model. The major output of the model which is the average energy consumption per cycle in the whole network is the efficacious parameter that is most important and must be used by NoC designers. © Springer-Verlag Berlin... 

Manta ray swimming or bio-inspiration propulsion system, as a special type of marine propulsion system, is used for submersible vehicles that require high-speed maneuverability and stability, such as glider and AUV. In a manta ray swimming, the thrust force is generated by a couple of undulation and oscillation of wing, so that the direction of undulation wave and oscillation is upright and perpendicular to the direction of thrust force, respectively. It is possible to combine these two movement modes (flapping motion) on the three-dimensional model without considering the effects of wing twisting and flexibility to simplify and better understand the physical behaviors or special study of...