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acetic-acid
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Oxidative Desulfurization of Gas Condensate
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Seifkordi, Ali Akbar (Supervisor) ; Bazmi, Mansour (Co-Advisor) ; Ghaedian, Maryam (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Due to increasing environmental concern, special interest has been paid to reduction of organosulfur compounds in transportaion fuels. The sulfur- containing compounds are converted into sulfur oxide, i.e, SOx , during combustion, which is a major source of acid rain and air pollution.Gas condensate is a mixture consisting primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons which is recovered as a liquid from natural gas. It is a proper hydrocarbon source for producing gasoline, kerosene and gas oil in refineries. In this reseach a gas condensate was used as feedstock for studing oxidative desulfurization (ODS). The influence of various parameters of desulforization including the reaction...
Preparation a Polymeric Membrane for Dehydration of Acetic Acid
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Bastani, Dariush (Supervisor)
Abstract
The separation ofacetic acids in binary water solutions hasbeenstudied using a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Thin film composite polyamide membrane is used in this study.Thin-film composite (TFC) membrane was prepared through the interfacial polymerization between m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the polysulphone support membrane.The solute permeation was carried out under applied pressure of 5 bar at 25°C. In this work the effect of various synthesis conditions on the membrane performance was investigated. Parametric studies were conducted by varyingconcentration of reactants, reaction time, curing time and curing temperature. By suitable combination of these...
Characterization of Micromixing and Determination of Mass-Transfer Coefficient in a new Double-Spinning-Disk Contactor
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Molaei Dehkordi, Asghar (Supervisor)
Abstract
High mixing efficiency and high liquid-liquid mass transfer rate are two key features of spinning disk contactors. This work presents the experimental investigation of mixing and liquid-liquid mass transfer characteristics in a new double coaxial spinning disks contactor. The micromixing efficiency was investigated using a standard system of competitive parallel reaction known as iodide/iodate test reaction. The influences of various operating conditions such as the rotational speed of the disks, the direction of rotation, the feed radial location, the feed distribution pattern, the distance between the disks, and the feed flow rate on the mixing quality were examined carefully. The obtained...
Kinetic Study of Carbonylation of Methanol Using Homogenous Iridium Catalyst
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemeini, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Mhammad Rezaee, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Homogenous carbonylation of methanol is a major way to acetic acid. In this study central composite design (CCD) at five level (-1.63, -1, 0, +1, +1.63) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to optimize carbonylation of methanol using ruthenium promoted iridium catalyst in homogenous phase. The effect of seven process variables including; temperature, pressure, iridium, ruthenium, methyl iodide, methyl acetate and water concentrations as well as, their interactions were modeled. The determined R2 values greater than 0.9 for the rate, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen formation data, confirmed quadratic equation properly fitted obtained experimental data. The...
The stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrothiopyrano[2,3-b]indole skeletons via tandem reaction of indoline-2-thiones to Baylis-Hillman adduct acetates
, Article Tetrahedron ; Volume 69, Issue 38 , September , 2013 , Pages 8169-8173 ; 00404020 (ISSN) ; Foroushani, B. K ; Sobhani, M ; Masoud, N ; Khodabakhshi, M. R ; Weng, N. S ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Indoline-2-thiones (5) were applied as 1,3-dinucleophiles in a tandem reaction with Baylis-Hillman adduct acetates (4) to give novel tetrahydrothiopyrano[2,3-b]indole skeletons (6). The effect of different solvents, bases, and catalysts on the yields and stereochemical outcome was studied in detail. The results indicated that acetonitrile as solvent and K 2CO3 as base, under reflux conditions, were the optimum conditions. Products 6a-6l were obtained in high diastereoselectivity and yield (up to 94%)
The influence of nanoparticles on hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer performance in a pulsed liquid-liquid extraction column
, Article Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification ; Volume 50, Issue 11-12 , 2011 , Pages 1198-1206 ; 02552701 (ISSN) ; Khoobi, N ; Mozdianfard, M. R ; Bahmanyar, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
With respect to the influence of nanoparticles on mass transfer characteristics, limited number of studies available in the literature, deal primarily with gas-liquid systems. In this work, mass transfer performance and hydrodynamic characteristics including static and dynamic dispersed phase hold-ups of nanofluids have been investigated for pulsed liquid-liquid extraction column (PLLEC). The nanofluids used were prepared by dispersing SiO2 nanoparticles of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 volume percent with two different hydrophobicities in kerosene as base fluid using ultrasonication. UV-vis spectrophotometer was also used for evaluation of the nanofluids stability. The results were compared with...
Ternary composite of TiO2 nanotubes/Ti plates modified by g-C3N4 and SnO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for enhancing antibacterial and photocatalytic activity
, Article Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology ; Volume 178 , 2018 , Pages 124-132 ; 10111344 (ISSN) ; Mohaghegh, N ; Abedini, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2018
Abstract
A series of g-C3N4-SnO2/TiO2 nanotubes/Ti plates were fabricated via simple dipping of TiO2 nanotubes/Ti in a solution containing SnCl2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets and finally annealing of the plates. Synthesized plates were characterized by various techniques. The SEM analysis revealed that the g-C3N4-SnO2 nanosheets with high physical stability have been successfully deposited onto the surface of TiO2 nanotubes/Ti plate. Photocatalytic activity was investigated using two probe chemical reactions: oxidative decomposition of acetic acid and oxidation of 2-propanol under irradiation. Antibacterial activities for Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were also investigated in dark and under UV/Vis...
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2-graphene nanocomposites modified with noble metals as a photocatalyst for degradation of pollutants
, Article Applied Catalysis A: General ; Vol. 462–463 , July , 2013 , Pages 82–90 ; Esfandiarb, A. (Ali) ; Rahman Setayesha, S. (Shahrbano) ; Habibi-Yangjehc, A. (Aziz) ; Iraji zadb, A. (Azam) ; Gholamia, M .R. (Mohammad Reza) ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
TiO2–graphene (TiO2–GR) nanocomposites were synthesized using photocatalytic reduction method. TiO2–GR nanocomposites were thereafter doped with noble metals (Pt and Pd) by chemical reduction of the corresponding cations. The samples were characterized by different techniques. The addition of GR to TiO2 decreases the crystalline size of TiO2 due to the homogeneous dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles on GR sheets and prevention of coagulation of TiO2 nanoparticles during synthesis process. In addition, the surface area of TiO2 was increased by addition of GR and deposition of noble metals which helps to prevent agglomeration of graphene sheets and TiO2 nanoparticles. Red shifts to the higher...
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2-graphene nanocomposites modified with noble metals as a photocatalyst for degradation of pollutants
, Article Applied Catalysis A: General ; Volume 462-463 , 2013 , Pages 82-90 ; 0926860X (ISSN) ; Esfandiar, A ; Rahman Setayesh, S ; Habibi Yangjeh, A ; Iraji Zad, A ; Gholami, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
TiO2-graphene (TiO2-GR) nanocomposites were synthesized using photocatalytic reduction method. TiO2-GR nanocomposites were thereafter doped with noble metals (Pt and Pd) by chemical reduction of the corresponding cations. The samples were characterized by different techniques. The addition of GR to TiO2 decreases the crystalline size of TiO2 due to the homogeneous dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles on GR sheets and prevention of coagulation of TiO2 nanoparticles during synthesis process. In addition, the surface area of TiO2 was increased by addition of GR and deposition of noble metals which helps to prevent agglomeration of graphene sheets and TiO 2 nanoparticles. Red shifts to the...
Synthesis and characterization of polyamide membrane for the separation of acetic acid from water using RO process
, Article Membrane Water Treatment ; Volume 8, Issue 4 , 2017 , Pages 323-336 ; 20058624 (ISSN) ; Mousavi, S. A ; Mortazavi, S. S ; Sadeghi, M ; Bastani, D ; Sharif University of Technology
Techno Press
2017
Abstract
The main challenge in many applications of acetic acid is acid dehydration and its recovery from wastewater streams. Therefore, the performance of polyamide thin film composite is evaluated to separate acetic acid from water. To reach this goal, the formation of polyamide layer on polysulfone support membrane was investigated via interfacial polymerization (IP) of meta-phenylenediamine (MPD) in water with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in hexane. Also, the effect of synthesis conditions, such as concentration of monomers and curing temperature on separation of acetic acid from water were investigated by reverse osmosis process. Moreover, the separation mechanism was discussed. The solute...
Study of droplet behaviour along a pulsed liquid-liquid extraction column in the presence of nanoparticles
, Article Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering ; Volume 91, Issue 3 , 2013 , Pages 506-515 ; 00084034 (ISSN) ; Bahmanyar, A ; Molavi, H ; Bastani, D ; Mozdianfard, M. R ; Bahmanyar, H ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
In this article, droplet size and its distribution along a pulsed liquid-liquid extraction column, is studied where SiO2 nanoparticles with concentrations of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1vol.% and different hydrophobicities are applied to the dispersed phase. Using ultrasonication, nanoparticles were dispersed in kerosene as the base fluid. Nanofluids' stability was ensured using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Some 22,000 droplets were measured by photographic technique and results were compared with systems containing no-nanoparticles (Water-Acetic acid-Kerosene). Addition of nanoparticles changed the droplet shape from ellipsoidal to spherical. Also, there was a marked influence on droplet breakage and...
Simulation of methanol carbonylation reactor in acetic acid production plant: selection of an appropriate correlation for mass transfer coefficients
, Article International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ; Volume 17, Issue 4 , 2019 ; 15426580 (ISSN) ; Tourani, S ; Khorasheh, F ; Sharif University of Technology
De Gruyter
2019
Abstract
This paper deals with mathematical modeling and simulation of methanol carbonylation reactor in acetic acid production plant that consisted of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), a flash drum, a Joule-Thomson valve, and a condenser. The model was based on material and energy balances that considered liquid-gas mass transfer, thermodynamics, and reactor hydrodynamics. The most important aspect of the model was the selection of an appropriate correlation for prediction of mass transfer coefficient. Several correlations were examined and comparison of the model results with plant data indicated that the correlation reported by Lemoine was most appropriate. The simulation results were...
Self-assembly of dandelion-like hydroxyapatite nanostructures via hydrothermal method
, Article Journal of the American Ceramic Society ; Volume 91, Issue 10 , 2008 , Pages 3292-3297 ; 00027820 (ISSN) ; Mazloumi, M ; Mohajerani, M ; Kajbafvala, A ; Zanganeh, S ; Arami, H ; Sadrnezhaad, S. K ; Sharif University of Technology
2008
Abstract
Self-assembled dandelion-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructures were successfully synthesized via a mild template-free hydrothermal process, using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the surfactant. The obtained dandelion-like HAp nanostructures were between 5 and 8 μm in diameter and were composed of radially oriented nanorods with an average diameter of about 200 nm. The X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the crystalline phase and purity of the synthesized nanostructures. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the dandelion-like nanostructures was measured to be about 39 m2/g. The results of thermal analysis revealed...
QSAR study of heparanase inhibitors activity using artificial neural networks and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
, Article European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ; Volume 43, Issue 3 , 2008 , Pages 548-556 ; 02235234 (ISSN) ; Asadollahi Baboli, M ; Shahbazikhah, P ; Sharif University of Technology
2008
Abstract
A linear and non-linear quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study is presented for modeling and predicting heparanase inhibitors' activity. A data set that consisted of 92 derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-isoindole-5-carboxylic acid, furanyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl and benzoxazol-5-yl acetic acids is used in this study. Among a large number of descriptors, four parameters classified as physico-chemical, topological and electronic indices are chosen using stepwise multiple regression technique. The artificial neural networks (ANNs) model shows superiority over the multiple linear regressions (MLR) by accounting 87.9% of the variances of antiviral potency of the heparanase...
Oxidative desulfurization of Non-hydrotreated kerosene using hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid
, Article Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ; Volume 17, Issue 5 , 2009 , Pages 869-874 ; 10049541 (ISSN) ; Sobati, M. A ; Nazem, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
2009
Abstract
The oxidative desulfurization of a real refinery feedstock (i.e., non-hydrotreated kerosene with total sulfur mass content of 0.16%) with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid was studied. The influences of various operating parameters including reaction temperature (T), acid to sulfur molar ratio (nacid/nS), and oxidant to sulfur molar ratio (nO/nS) on the sulfur removal of kerosene were investigated. The results revealed that an increase in the reaction temperature (T) and nacid/nS enhances the sulfur removal. Moreover, there is an optimum nO/nS related to the reaction temperature and the best sulfur removal could be obtained at nO/nS8 and 23 for the reaction temperatures of 25...
Optimisation of Ru-promoted Ir-catalysed methanol carbonylation utilising response surface methodology
, Article Applied Catalysis A: General ; Volume 394, Issue 1-2 , February , 2011 , Pages 166-175 ; 0926860X (ISSN) ; Kazemeini, M ; Mohammadrezaee, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
In this study, central composite design (CCD) at five levels (-1.63, -1, 0, +1, +1.63) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to optimise methanol carbonylation using a ruthenium-promoted iridium catalyst in a homogenous phase. The effect of seven process variables, including temperature, pressure, iridium, ruthenium, methyl iodide, methyl acetate and water concentrations, as well as their binary interactions, were modelled. The determined R 2 values greater than 0.9 for the rate and methane formation data confirmed that the quadratic equation properly fitted the obtained experimental data. The optimum conditions for maximum rate and minimum methane formation were...
Optimisation of a microwave-assisted method for extracting withaferin A from Withania somnifera Dunal. using central composite design
, Article Phytochemical Analysis ; Volume 21, Issue 6 , 2010 , Pages 544-549 ; 09580344 (ISSN) ; Ghassempour, A ; Jalali-Heravi, M ; Mirjalili, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Introduction - Recently, there have been growing attention on the modification and optimisation of new extraction and quantification methods, caused by the lack of environmentally friendly methodologies for the extraction of phytochemicals from complex matrices. In the case of pharmaceutical compounds, not only the extraction procedure but also the analysis method should be efficient, precise, fast and easy.Objectives - The essential pharmaceutical characteristics and trace concentration of withanolides led us to modify and optimise the previously reported extraction and quantification procedure for withaferin A (WA) as a candidate for withanolides.Matrial and methods - The WA from the...
NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic study of serum in sulfur mustard exposed patients with lung disease
, Article Biomarkers ; Volume 22, Issue 5 , 2017 , Pages 413-419 ; 1354750X (ISSN) ; Arefi Oskouie, A ; Rezaei Tavirani, M ; Aliannejad, R ; Taheri, S ; Fathi, F ; Naseri, M. T ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Ltd
2017
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a vesication chemical warfare agent for which there is currently no antidote. Despite years of research, there is no common consensus about the pathophysiological basis of chronic pulmonary disease caused by this chemical warfare agent. In this study, we combined chemometric techniques with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to explore the metabolic profile of sera from SM-exposed patients. A total of 29 serum samples obtained from 17 SM-injured patients, and 12 healthy controls were analyzed by Random Forest. Increased concentrations of seven amino acids, glycerol, dimethylamine, ketone bodies, lactate, acetate, citrulline and creatine together with the...
New organic dyes with diphenylamine core for dye-sensitized solar cells
, Article Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics ; Volume 29, Issue 8 , April , 2018 , Pages 6323-6336 ; 09574522 (ISSN) ; Karami, M ; Hosseinzadeh, B ; Ghahary, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer New York LLC
2018
Abstract
In the current investigation, four novel donoracceptor type organic dyes including (DPA-Ba, DPA-Hy, DPA-Rh, DPA-Cy), are proposed and their photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as dye-sensitized solar cell performance are systematically investigated. Among these dyes diphenylamine is utilized as an-electron donor while barbituric acid, hydantoin, rhodanine-n-acetic acid and cyano acetic acid, are proposed as anchoring groups as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The synthesized dyes are characterized using FT-IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, absorbance and electrochemical measurements. The photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the solar cells based on...
Multicomponent nanoparticles as means to improve anaerobic digestion performance
, Article Chemosphere ; Volume 283 , 2021 ; 00456535 (ISSN) ; Ghofrani Isfahani, P ; Tsapekos, P ; Alvarado Morales, M ; Shahrokhi, M ; Angelidaki, I ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
Sufficient quantity of trace metals is essential for a well performing anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Among the essential trace elements in active sites of multiple important enzymes for AD are iron and nickel ions. In the present study, iron and nickel in the form of Fe2O3 and NiO were coated on TiO2 nanoparticles to be used in batch and continuous operation mode. The effect of TiO2, Fe2O3–TiO2, and NiO–TiO2 nanoparticles on each step of AD process was assessed utilizing simple substrates (i.e. cellulose, glucose, acetic acid, and mixture of H2–CO2) as well as complex ones (i.e. municipal biopulp). The hydrolysis rate of cellulose substrate increased with higher dosages of the coated...