Sharif Digital Repository

Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedure specific to the surgical sites within the abdomen. For this surgical method a laparoscope, a camera (endoscope), and a grasping instrument is needed. They all inserted in to the abdomen through openings (5 - 10 mm diameter side port). Currently used grasper heads are small and often with steel material. With respect to these two properties applying large forces that cause damage in the organs is inevitable. The aim of this project is to design a new large laparoscopic grasper head that applies pressure along the length of the lever arms and can take up tissues of large sizes. Based on surveys and estimations SMA, artificial muscles... 

The aim of this project is to load analgesic drug; Paracetamol on dental implant. The implant is titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). There are two kinds of samples of anodized and HA coated onto anodized. They are in the shape of the sheets in this study. The electrodeposition and anodization carried out in order to treat the two samples. Nanotubes were formed during anodic oxidation of the samples in the 1M Ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO4 and 5wt% Ammonium fluoride NH4F electrolyte. They are expected to play role of carrier for the model drug; paracetamol. The results showed that HA anodized Ti-6-4 has the ability to hold higher amounts of drug and also can keep the drug for a longer time than the... 

An optimization condition for obtaining Ni-Zn-P electroless alloy coating has been developed. The sulphate bath with sodium hypophosphate as a reducer and sodium citrate and ammonium chloride as complexing agents were used. The effect of variation in the pH level , temperature , time of deposition and reactants concentration on stability of bath, coating composition, microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of coatings was investigated. The composition of coatings was obtained by using the EDAX analysis. To investigate coating morphology, SEM images were taken and to study the corrosion behavior of coatings potentidynamic polarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy... 

In this study, the effects of different corrosion inhibitors on the corrosion of aluminum alloy which is used in the cooling systems of automotive industries were investigated. Also a comparison between the corrosion behaviour of the mentioned aluminum alloy with and without any galvanic connection to 5 different metals consist of solder, stainless steel, mild steel, brass and copper was done. The corrosion rate became more by establishing galvanic coupling. The base solution was ethylene glycol and water which is the base part of all antifreeze compounds. The tests were done at high temperature about 88ºC. Two different industrial corrosion inhibitors were examined in these conditions.... 

Corrosion is a main problem for oil and gas industries at refineries and petrochemical process. Presence of sulfur compounds in crude oil and creation a corrosive environment for steel structure, caused failure and unfortunate damages. H2S which present at cracking and sweetening process in sour feed obtain hydrogen atoms that can diffuse into steel structure which involve with its instruments and consequent to hydrogen damage .distribution and storage of these sour environments can be done by high strength low alloy steel (HSLA).Electrochemical hydrogen permeation test were performed to measure the hydrogen permeation current through A106/GR B pipeline steel in the electrolytes simulating... 

In an effort to reduce the building and structural damages due to earthquakes, the researchers have created a new alternative to isolate structures from the ground movement. Base isolation (BI) as one of innovative means can provide a very effective solution to protect constructions from the hazard of earthquakes. The proposed smart isolation system combines a laminated rubber bearing with a device made of shape memory alloy (SMA). In Japan and United States, many bridges have been designed or retrofitted with seismic isolation devices in the last 20 years. In the other words, isolation bearings can substantially improve the seismic performance and consequently reduce the post-disaster cost... 

Seismic performance analysis is conducted for an isolated three-span continuous highway bridge, which is restrained with shape memory alloy bar. Two series of earthquake ground acceleration, known as ‘pulse records’ and ‘non-pulse records’ are applied to the bridge in three directions. Four types of pier-girder connection are used in the analysis: rigid connection (only for comparison), lead rubber bearing system (LRB), lead rubber bearing along shape memory alloy (SMA) restrainer system and high damping rubber bearing (HDRB) system. SMA bar restrainer is made of Ni-Ti. In the first step of the work, structural properties and analytical models of the bridge segments are introduced. Then, a... 

In this study, a novel multiscale analysis is proposed to utilize atomistic properties of crystalline nano-materials as an input to continuum problems in the range of large deformation. The main purpose of presented work is investigating the capability of different hyperelasticity models based on molecular statics (MS) and molecular dynamics methods to attain proper hyperelastic strain energy density function to illustrate atomistic information under various types of deformation loadings. Also, the proficiency of hyperelastic model is investigated for nano-structure including different percentages of voids. The material parameters of hyperelastic strain energy density can be obtained from... 

Base isolation system is an efficient passive structural control approach to save the structures from the harms of earthquakes. The base isolated systems help to reduce the base shear by increasing the period of the structures, as well as dissipating the seismic input energy by its inherent damping mechanism [1]. However, the residual displacement of the base isolation systems resulted from strong ground motions would remain as a main obstacle in its regular serviceability after the main event. In that regard different isolating devices have been introduced to resolve the problem of the remaining permanent displacement. On the other hand, Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are among the newly... 

In this study, a novel multiscale hierarchical molecular dynamics (MD) – finite element (FE) coupling method is proposed to illustrate the influence of temperature on mechanical properties of heterogeneous nano-crystalline structures. The embedded-atom method (EAM) many-body interatomic potential is implemented to consider pairwise interactions between atoms in the metallic alloys with face-centered-cubic (FCC) lattice structure at different temperatures. In addition, the Nose-Hoover thermostat is employed to adjust the fluctuation of temperature. In order to calculate the equivalent lattice parameter, a weight average between the lattice parameters of atomic structures is utilized. The... 

Hyperthermia (also called thermal therapy or thermotherapy) is defined as a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures, to damage and kill cancer cells, or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs. The temperature increase required by hyperthermia can be achieved via different heat sources, such as electromagnetic radiation waves (radiofrequency or microwave, ultrasound waves and electrical current. These techniques have shown good results, however, the major problem with present conventional methods is reaching homogenous heat distribution and therapeutic temperatures in the deep region of the tumor to be... 

Nanocrystallization kinetics of amorphous Finemet-type alloys was studied using Isokinetic and Isoconversional methods (Kissinger model-fitting method, Vyazovkin advance method, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose(KSA),Flynn–Wall–Ozawa(FWO),Tang and Starink) under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Effects of chemical composition on the nanocrystallization kinetics, microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 and Fe77Si11B9Nb2.4Cu0.6 alloys were also investigated. Kinetic triplet (activation energy, frequency factor and reaction model) were determined by these methods and compared for the alloys. According to isoconversional methods, the activation energy is variable as a... 

Fretting fatigue is one of the main factors leading to failure in structures that have components temporarily connected to each other. The occurrence of fretting at the connection region of a structure under cyclic loading is inevitable, and only various methods can delay its occurrence or minimize the damage resulting from it. Fretting is dependent on various factors, and this has made previous studies unable to lead to a unified approach for predicting the fretting fatigue crack initiation life. In this thesis, after reviewing previous studies, a proving ring is designed for fretting fatigue testing. In the next step, fretting fatigue tests using the bridge-type method are performed on... 

This research explored the corrosion effect of NaCl solution on the surface quality of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Cubic-shaped specimens were immersed in standard 3.5% NaCl solution for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The size of corrosion pits, fatigue crack propagation area, and surface topology were characterized. Fatigue tests were carried out on pre-corroded AZ31 specimens under different stress amplitudes. The correlation between the corrosion time and the virtual crack size was obtained. The virtual crack size is a new parameter that can relate the corrosion to the fatigue life. A new model was proposed to map the surface topology on the virtual crack size of pre-corroded AZ31 magnesium alloy. The... 

In contacts, the presence of both variable loading and low-amplitude movements causes a kind of fatigue in these components called FRETTING FATIGUE. fretting fatigue has reduced the life of parts. Due to the high cost of replacing some parts in case of failure, it is necessary to take effective measures to delay this exhaustion. One of the effective solutions that can be applied is the use of coating and surface treatments in the contact areas. In this research, first, the fretting fatigue maps of Ti-6Al-4V alloy have been calculated and drawn according to the recommendations of the ASTM standard by using finite element methods. In the next step, by using experimental experiments, the damage... 

This thesis aims to introduce a numerical method for investigating the appropriate arrangement of visco-pseudo-elastic dampers applicable to shell and plate structures under large deformation. These passive dampers are considered as viscoelastic layers and discrete shape memory alloy (SMA) wires in which this combination improves their overall efficiency and reduces their drawbacks. Also, the main advantages of these dampers are discussed during some illustrative problems. The current finite element formulation is based on an incremental updated Lagrangian (UL) approach along with the Newmark's integration technique. In the layerwise shell element, the Mindlin-Reissner theory is adopted in... 

An aerial structure can be at the disposal of the owners of damage or intellectual property during its lifetime, under the supervision of static and dynamic loads and providing information in the field of recognizing temperature, humidity and environmental pressure with high-speed gradient. Capable Composite patches are used to repair damaged areas. Composite patches have unique properties such as high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance. In structures modified with a composite patch, various failures occur during loading, including: fiber breakage, matrix fracture, separation of fibers from the matrix or the latest patch from the main structure and failure of the metal... 

Dynamic properties such as the natural frequency of a structure have a significant role in the design process. The importance of this consideration is because of resonance. In this case, the amplitude of the vibration is magnified to levels that may lead to a catastrophic event. While the usual design process depends on the collected experiences and statistical data, a developing trend is to implement smart technologies to develop smart structures that are capable of self-monitoring, diagnostics and repair. Smart material components such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) and piezoelectric ceramics are increasingly being used by vibration control practitioners. Shape memory alloys are applied as... 

Debugging programs is a time-consuming and error-prone activity. So far, much research has tried to repair the programs automatically. Many of them try to change the location of the fault for a faulty program that fails at least one of its test cases so that all cases in the test suite pass. However, in real projects, the test suite is usually not enough, and the methods that aim to pass the test suite, often lead to the production of incorrect repairs, which is known as overfitting or weak test suite. In this regard, attention to methods based on program specification and the use of static code analysis have shown promising results. In this thesis, a method is presented that recommends... 

For half a century, the problem of extracting the components of the nonlocal moduli tensor of anisotropic materials has been remained unsolved. In the present work, for the first time, the solution of this problem is proposed and the components of nonlocal moduli tensor are obtained for close-packed crystals, i.e. face center cubic or hexagonal closed packed. To this end, new distinct nonlocal kernel functions which have the characteristics of discrete atomistic Green’s functions in the stress space are obtained through consideration of the nonlocal dispersion relations. Each of dispersion relations are associated with certain directions and are combined with ab initio Density Functional...