Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, we present fabrication and characterization of a gas ionization sensor based on high aspect ratio one-dimensional CuO nanowires as the field enhancing medium. Self-organized arrays of CuO nanowires have been synthesized based on a low-cost thermal oxidation method and integrated into a gas ionization sensor (GIS). The self-organized arrays of CuO nanowires have been employed to detect the identity of several gas species such as He, Ar and CO at ambient temperature and pressure. The sharp nanoscale size of CuO tips provide very high electric fields at moderate voltages (less than 100 V) and provoke the breakdown of different gases. The reduced breakdown current of the metal... 

We outline a comprehensive numerical procedure for modeling of species transport and surface reaction kinetics in electrokinetically actuated microfluidic devices of rectangular cross section. Our results confirm the findings of previous simplified approaches that a concentration wave is created for sufficiently long microreactors. An analytical solution, developed for the wave propagation speed, shows that, when normalizing with the fluid mean velocity, it becomes a function of three parameters comprising the channel aspect ratio, the relative adsorption capacity, and the kinetic equilibrium constant. Our studies also reveal that the reactor geometry idealized as a slit, instead of a... 

It has been shown that nanofluids in different investigations increase or decrease heat transfer rate in boiling phenomenon. The present study examined the effects of ferro-fluid concentrations and magnetic field implementation on the fluid throughout the boiling process. Obtained are the quenching curve and boiling curve on specified surface roughness in both water and ferro-fluid with two different concentrations. A silver cylinder with Aspect ratio of 10, and surface roughness of 689 nm was heated up to 350 C and then was overwhelmed in the fluid under study. Temperatures were measured by a thermocouple which installed in the center of the cylinder. The test was carried out 5 times. The... 

Consideration is given to the buoyancy effects on the fully developed gaseous slip flow in a vertical rectangular microduct. Two different cases of the thermal boundary conditions are considered, namely uniform temperature at two facing duct walls with different temperatures and adiabatic other walls (case A) and uniform heat flux at two walls and uniform temperature at other walls (case B). The rarefaction effects are treated using the firstorder slip boundary conditions. By means of finite Fourier transform method, analytical solutions are obtained for the velocity and temperature distributions as well as the Poiseuille number. Furthermore, the threshold value of the mixed convection... 

Titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide was employed as a metal oxide sol-gel precursor to prepare ceramic composite nanofibers by the electrospinning system. To facilitate this process and obtain the desired nanofibers with higher aspect ratios and surface area, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) was added to the sol of titania. Four ceramic nanofibers sheets based on titania were prepared while each sheet contained different transition metals such as Fe-Mn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, and Fe-Mn-Co-Ni. The scanning electron microscope images showed good homogeneity for all the prepared ceramic composites with a diameter range of 100-250 nm. The sorption efficiency was investigated by a micro-solid-phase extraction setup in... 

In this article, solving the population balance equation (PBE) and controlling the final particle size for crystallization problems have been addressed. For solving the general form of multidimensional PBE, a numerical method called conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) has been used. By applying this method to one- and two-dimensional crystallization problems, it has been shown that this technique can handle all types of source terms in the PBE. Model accuracy has been checked with experimental data reported in the literature and also with the analytical solution of PB-type equations. Control of final particle size was formulated in an optimization framework. To obtain a desired... 

In this paper, the instability of cantilevered horizontal composite pipes is investigated. To this aim, the lateral flow forces are modelled as a distributed lateral force and the nozzle effect is modelled as a compressive axial follower force and a concentrated end mass. The coupled bending-torsional equations of motion are derived using Hamilton's principal and Galerkin method. In order to obtain the stability margin of the pipe, the standard Eigen value problem is solved. Finally, effects of elastic coupling parameter and nozzle aspect ratio are considered on the stability margin of the pipe and some conclusions are drawn  

In this paper, we study the frost formation and growth at the walls of a duct with uniform wall temperature variation. The simulation is performed for laminar flow regime considering suitable semi-empirical models incorporated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The frost growth is considered to be normal to the duct surface. Since the duct aspect ratio is high, we perform our simulations in two-dimensional zones. To simulate the frost layer properly, we solve both the energy and mass balance equations implementing some semi-empirical correlations on the frost side. At this stage, we suitably predict the required heat flux value at the solid boundary and the heat transfer... 

Fire events and the related toxicants such as CO are responsible for many fatalities in the current century. These hazardous events are much more dangerous when they occur in enclosed spaces. In the present study, a theoretical relation is developed for horizontal distribution of CO in a large tunnel fire. Then, the developed criterion is used to study the effect of some rudimentary parameters such as the heat release rate (HRR) of fire and tunnel's aspect ratio (AR) on CO and temperature stratification. Theoretical results of various heat release rates and aspect ratios for horizontal distribution of CO are compared with numerical results using fire dynamics simulator (FDS5.5). It is found... 

Most of the studies related to the modeling of masonry structures have by far investigated either the in-plane (IP) or the out-of-plane (OP) behavior of walls. However, seismic loads mostly impose simultaneous IP and OP demands on load-bearing or shear masonry walls. Thus, there is a need to reconsider design equations of unreinforced masonry walls by taking into account bidirectional effects. The intent of this study is to investigate the bidirectional behavior of an unreinforced masonry wall with a typical aspect ratio under different displacement-controlled loading directions making use of finite element analysis. For this purpose, the numerical procedure is first validated against the... 

In this study, a hybrid model is presented to predict the dislocation density and strength evolution of the rheoforged non-dendritic A356 alloy during multi-directional forging. Regarding the characteristics of non-dendritic A356 alloy, combination of Shear Lag and Nes models is used for the eutectic structure, and Nes model is used for the α-Al globular phase. The aspect ratio variations of Si particles in eutectic structure during 3 passes of multi-directional forging do not change the model predictions, significantly. Model predictions on shear stress are in good agreement with experimental results of shear punch test  

In this paper, the fully developed electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in rectangular microchannels in the presence of pressure gradient is analyzed. The electrical potential and momentum equations are numerically solved through a finite difference procedure for a non-uniform grid. A complete parametric study reveals that the pressure effects are more pronounced at higher values of the channel aspect ratio and smaller values of the flow behavior index. The Poiseuille number is found to be an increasing function of the channel aspect ratio for pressure assisted flow and a decreasing function of this parameter for pressure opposed flow. It is also observed that the Poiseuille number is... 

In the present study, the thermal characteristics of electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in rectangular microchannels in the presence of pressure gradient are investigated. The governing equations for fully developed flow under H1 thermal boundary conditions are first made dimensionless and subsequently solved through a finite difference procedure for a non-uniform grid. The influence of the major parameters on thermal features of the flow such as the temperature distribution and Nusselt number is discussed by a complete parametric study. The results reveal that the channel aspect ratio and the non-Newtonian characteristic of the fluid can affect the thermal behavior of the flow. It is... 

Due to the important role of surface-related properties of NPs in their biological behavior, simple and fast methods that could precisely demonstrate accurate information about NPs' surface, structure and morphology are highly desirable. In this study a set of surface morphological nano-descriptors (size, shape, surface area, agglomeration state, curvature, corner count and aspect ratio) have been defined and extracted from Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of nanoparticles (NPs) by Digital Image Processing methods. The extracted data represent a thorough description of the surface and morphologies of NPs lying beyond their TEM images and can supply the data required for a... 

The finite number of toroidal field coils of a tokamak destroys the perfect axisymmetry of the device. The coils produce a short wavelength ripple in the toroidal magnetic field strength as a field line follows round the torus, which becomes important in transport and confinement properties of plasma. Hence, a quick and accurate estimation of ripple becomes important. We have noticed that a previously reported analytical formulation by Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory team is not applicable to our large aspect ratio tokamak, and have devised a slightly modified form which has greatly improved the accuracy of the analytical fit  

Simplicity of manufacturing and high reliability of airlift pumps have promoted these pumps to be used in different industries, such as petrochemical and oil industries, especially in oil recovery from dead wells. One of the main parameters affecting the performance of these pumps is two-phase flow regime in the main pipe of the pump. In this research, experimental data are utilized to investigate the influence of the flow regimes on the performance of an airlift pump. The data are obtained for air-water two-phase flow in a vertical pipe with a diameter of d = 50. mm and an aspect ratio of L/d = 120. In this study, the gas liquid upward two-phase flow regime in the upriser pipe is... 

Liquid storage tanks are essential structures that are often located in residential and industrial areas; thus an assessment of their seismic performance is an important engineering issue. In this paper, the seismic response of unanchored steel liquid storage tanks is investigated using the endurance time (ET) dynamic analysis procedure and compared to responses obtained for anchored tanks under actual ground motions and intensifying ET records. In most cases, the results from ground motions are properly obtained with negligible differences using ET records. It is observed that uplifting of the tank base, which is closely related to the tank aspect ratio, has the greatest significance in the... 

Extensive wind tunnel tests were performed on several wing- body-tail combinations in subsonic flow to study the effects of wing geometric parameters on the flow field over the tail. For each configuration, tail surface pressure distribution, as well as the velocity contour at a plane perpendicular to the flow direction behind the wing was measured. The results show a strong effect of wing to tail span ratio, as well as wing aspect ratio, on the flowfield downstream of the wing. For low sweep wings, as those considered here, wing and body interference effects on the tail are associated with the wing tip vortex and nose-body vortex  

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowires and nanorods with different aspect ratios were successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method aided with various solvents, namely ethylenediamine, ethanolamine and triethylene tetraamine. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed that, highly pure CdS nanostructures were crystallized with different structures and preferable growth orientations depending on solvent nature. Field emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) images showed that the aspect ratio of CdS nanostructures depends upon the dielectric constant and boiling temperature of solvents. CdS nanostructures with the highest aspect ratio in the form... 

Nanostructured AA6063 (NS-Al) powder with an average grain size of ~100. nm was synthesized by high-energy attrition milling of gas-atomized AA6063 powder followed by hot extrusion. The microstructural features of the consolidated specimen were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques and compared with those of coarse-grained AA6063 (CG-Al) produced by hot powder extrusion of gas-atomized powder (without using mechanical milling). The consolidated NS-Al alloy consisted of elongated ultrafine grains (aspect ratio of ~2.9) and equiaxed nanostructured grains. A high fraction (~78%) of high-angle grain boundaries with average...