Sharif Digital Repository

Well worn gas turbine blade made of Nickel based superalloy, IN738LC was remelted due to remove inclusion and use it in casting process of new blade after microstrucrure investigation in neutral atmosphere and vacuum. The composition of slags for removing inclusions used for this practice were 70CaF2-20CaO-10Al2O3 and 55CaO-45Al2O3. The microstructural characterization involved use both optical as well as electron microscope including application of EDS technique for denoted the type of carbides and inclusion investigation. Chemical composition was determined by despersive spectroscopy method. The changing in main elements were reported too low. Number of inclusions were decreased in the... 

Because of the importance and value of Superalloy, In this research has been treid to remelting scrap of gas turbine blades cobalt based Superalloy X-45, In order to restore it to the cycle of consumption. For this purpose, scraps were remelted under different conditions, for example changing the atmosphere, changing slag composition, changing type of the furnace for remelting and changing time of remelting process. Then in order to investigate effect of the above factors, microstructure were studied by optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) And also in order to investigate changings of element composition, chemical analysis were examined by atomic absorption analysis and... 

Axial compressors are utilized to increase compressible flow pressure in an efficient manner where mass flow rate is high, such as aviation engines and power generation gas turbines. The flow is compressed within this machine through several stages. Each stage consists of a rotor blade row followed by a stator blade row. Energy transfer to the air is performed on the rotor by changing its velocity vector. Then, pressure is recovered from velocity by diffusion, meanwhile turning the flow direction through stator blades. These blades have been designed and optimized with various methods evolved with developing computational and manufacturing facilities. In this thesis the aerodynamic design of... 

The ultimate aim of this research is optimizing high- performance Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) associated with using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the flow behavior over wind turbine blades. Computational prediction of the flow over wind turbines is a challenging numerical problem because of the complicated aerodynamics and large variation in length scales. Phenomena such as; the unsteady flow, vortex shedding of the blade tips, flow separation, complicated blade geometry due to variable twist and chord and changes in angle of attack, and highly turbulent flow over blade sections makes CFD prediction challenging, as well as interesting. The goal is to gain an in depth... 

In the present work, the shape and position of internal cooling passages within an axial turbine blade have been optimized to achieve a uniform temperature distribution with the minimum cooling air flow while the maximum temperature is below the allowable value. Four cooling passages are made within the blade. The cross section shape of each passage is parameterized using a new method based on an 8-order Bezier curve. This curve which is represented in terms of Bezier control points has much flexibility and can produce a large variety of shapes. The shape of the blade surface profile remains unchanged during the optimization process. The numerical simulation has been carried out using... 

Aeroelasticity analysis and prediction of wind turbines sturcture deformations are fundamental parts in their design. Increasing the size of wind turbine blades and development of Mega-watt sized wind turbines have enhanced the importance of these studies. In this study, the aeroelasticity analysis of a wind turbine blade has been done based on flexible multibody dynamics method. For this purpose, the modal approach has been used for modeling blade structure which has been considered as a flexible beam with bending and torsion degrees of freedom. The unsteady vortex lattice method has been used to calculate aerodynamic loads in order to combine with wind turbine blade structure model. Using... 

Nowadays, the axial transonic compressors are used widely in aircraft engines, oil and gas industry and etc. because of higher pressure ratio and more efficiency than the other compressors. The Major part of losses in transonic compressors is due to shock waves. In this study the idea of using Shock Control Bump as a passive flow control method has been used for weakening the shock waves. The Shock Control Bump is modeled with the Hicks-Henne function and added to the suction side of a section of the NASA rotor 67 blade. Validation of flow solver is done in both two and three dimensions. Single-point and multi-point optimizations are performed in the design condition and in two off-design... 

Centrifugal compressors are vastly implemented in the industry due to their higher pressure ratio per stage. So, researches are still going on to improve the performance of these devices. On this way, the current project is defined to perform geometrical optimization in the impeller of a centrifugal compressor using numerical and experimental methods. In this research, the design process of centrifugal compressors is first discussed according to methods and guidelines provided in several references. Then the compressor of the GT4082 turbocharger is redesigned using these theories. It is shown that overall available rules are enough to design an acceptable centrifugal compressor. Experimental... 

Rotary equipment are being used in many industries over a wide range of applications, such as gas turbine. Due to the nature of the operating conditions, gas turbines are subjected to variety of damages especially crack propagation of a blade. The Cracks propagation may lead to catastrophic failure during operation. Therefore, detection of the crack presence and its propagation is very important and may reduce possible significant cost of the whole system failure. The thesis aims to investigate the cracks presence and their propagation effects on vibration of a turbine blade which is located at the National Iranian South Oilfields. First, theoretical study is calculated to validate an... 

The development of wind turbine blades model that accurately predict wind turbine thrust in a full range of applicable wind speed has provided a powerful and reliable source for simulation of horizontal axis wind turbine power and thrust force that serves as a valuable tool for wind turbine design and performance analysis. A single-element blade model that reduces the rotor blade characteristics to a lift and drag coefficient vs. angle-of-attack formulation was found to describe accurately the rotor characteristics over a wide operating range. Measurements of wind speed and altitude of wind turbine installation location, rotor speed, and provided thrust is within less than 2% over a wide... 

Nowadays, the structural health monitoring is considered as an essential element in improving the performance of the structures. The role and importance of the issues in this area have been reached to the point that different ideas and policies are developed for the safety margin over the useful life of the structures. To analyze more accurately, a real model of a turbine blade is required. This issue would be taken into more consideration when the scale of the turbine gets larger. Changing of the design philosophies over time results in effective changes in the design process and maintenance procedures. Any single of these inspections has different importance according to users' demands. In... 

This study develops an aerodynamic shape optimization code using parallel processing capability based on a gradient-based adjoint method. Calculation of the gradient of the objective function with respect to design variables is the most costly part of the gradient-based optimization algorithms. Applying adjoint methods, gradients can be calculated with solving some additional equations known as the "adjoint equations", instead of direct calculation. In this study, the blade shape optimization is performed by inverse design method and using steepest descent optimization algorithm. The objective function of inverse design problem is the desired blade surface pressure distribution. In each... 

Aiming to improve the extraction performance of wind energy has led to the noticeable increase of the structural dimensions in the modern wind turbines. The larger blade with more flexibility experiences large structural deformation even under nominal operational loading, so the nonlinear modeling and analysis of these structures have become as important subject of the recent wind turbine researches. In this dissertation, the geometrical exact model of the rotating wind turbine blade under the effects of the tower tip's motion, and also the operational loading comprising the aerodynamic and gravitational loadings is presented. In this way, the geometrical exact beam formulation is developed... 

The interaction of the vortices and helicopter’s blades is the most significant source of generating the main rotor’s noise, especially in landing and rising. The kind of this noise is broadband and it is produced because of establishing the vortices behind the forward blade, their interaction with backward blade, changing their structures and creating turbulency loading. The known method for modeling of the interaction of the vortices structures and solid surfaces is the simple compounding the rod and airfoil. In this project, by using this method, the noise of the interaction of vortex and blade is modeled in the Reynolds number of 48000 with LES and FW-H Analogy as a hibrid method in... 

The issues relevant to lubricants in industry, construction and production processes such as machining and grinding have been recently taken into serious consideration. Unlike the positive effects of applying lubricants on machining forces, chip formation, thermal defects which lead to force reduction, lower power consumption and surface quality improvement, its conventional usage has adverse effects such as environmental problems, high cost of high volume lubricant application as well as recycling problems. Therefore, attention was drawn toward chip removal under dry or near dry conditions and as thermal defects such as surface burning is important particularly in grinding, grinding under... 

In this research work, modeling, simulation, and controller design for a single-blade aerial vehicle or monocopter are carried out. The combined Momentum and Blade-Element theory is used to calculate the aerodynamic forces and moments. The Newton-Euler approach is employes for the development of the six degrees of freedom equations of motion of the monocopter. The obtained mathematical model is then implemented and solved on computer using MATLAB Simulink environment. A periodic behavior of the states is observed which is compatible with reality. Also, sensitivity studies are carried out in order to better understand how different initial conditions affect the behavior of the monocopter. The... 

The most important challenge and the most time consuming part of the gradient based optimization algorithms in the aerodynamic shape optimization problems is the evaluation of the sensitivity of the objective function with respect to the design variables. The adjoint method which has been the subject of many research in the recent three decades, is capable of computing the complete gradient information needed for optimization by solving the governing flow equations and their corresponding adjoint equations only once, regardless of the number of design parameters. In this study, the continues adjoint equations for compressible inviscid and viscous flows are derived and the formulation of... 

The main goal of this work is to estimate the linear transfer function of a single-blade VTOL aerial vehicle, the so-called Monocopter.At first, a prototype of this vehicle is designed and built based on the previously gathered information. The complexity and high manufacturing cost of the first prototype has forced us to build one other simple and cost-effective vehicle. A complete electronic board for data-logging has also designed and built. Many flight test has been carried out and recorded output data are processed by CIFER and MATLAB software in order to identify the dynamic model of the vehicle. The results are presented in different forms  

This dissertaion deals with the vibration and aeroelasticity analysis of a turbomachinery cascade with Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE) based sandwich blades. At first, bending vibration of the rotary blades equipped with an MRE core based on the three-layered sandwich beam theory have been studied in the flexural and edgewise directions. Further, the torsional vibration is investigated and the effects of different parameters such as the intensity of the magnetic field, rotating speed and the MRE layer thickness on the natural frequencies and loss factors of the system are studied. On the basis of the modeling obtained for the structural dynamics and based on the Whitehead's unsteady... 

Over the last decades the attention of the most modern countries about usage of wind has grown due to the recent crisis of energy. This renewable energy source offers a cost effective solution for electricity production. Wind energy is the best candidate among other sources due to wind turbines technology reliability. In order to gain maximum power from wind turbines, their size becomes relatively large, which creates more complexity in their repair and maintenance, furthermore Wind turbine downtime is outside the expectations, which is more costly than corrective maintenance, therefore in order to minimize sudden downtimes and related huge maintenance, a reliable monitoring technique must...