Sharif Digital Repository

The Technology scaling and reduction of the size of transistors has led to an increase in the switching speed and, as a result, to an increase in the clock frequency.But in recent years, the continuation of this process of increasing the clock frequency has been almost stopped considering the considerations of power consumption. Previous research has shown that approximately 30-50% of the dynamic power consumed by the microprocessor is wasted in the clock distribution network.Therefore, the design of clock distribution networks is a big challenge for future microprocessors due to the trend of Technology scaling and process variation. In this thesis, we used the emerging technology of... 

High voltage power supplies have a wide range of applications, and due to their high cost, it is essential to monitor their condition to predict potential failures and prevent significant losses. The most common cause of power supply failure is the wear and tear of its components. However, these components can be replaced before they wear out completely to prevent the failure of the power supply and, consequently, avoid damaging the load. Estimating the lifetime of power supplies is crucial because it allows for scheduled maintenance and helps prevent significant problems in power supplies. By estimating the lifespan of a power supply, one can anticipate when it may fail, allowing for the... 

Cold plasma due to its special properties has many applications in the microelectronics industry. At the beginning of this study, a few examples of widely used plasmas and the requirements for driving their power sources have been investigated. To generate and characterize plasma, various topologies of DC power supply construction, including high-voltage low-current power supplies called multipliers and low-voltage high-voltage power supplies called converters, have been reviewed and compared.Circuit for pulse generating for plasma application has also been proposed and investigated. In the simulation section, after introducing, reviewing, and compareing the common types of simulators, the... 

LED Drivers with near 1 power factor, Because of using electrolytic capacitors (to become flicker-free) have lifetime drawbacks. This research will focus on solutions to use magnetic energy storage instead of electrolytic capacitors (used for energy storage) to solve lifetime drawbacks and decrease output light flicker. Calculations show that magnetic energy density using iron powder cores are lower than electrolytic capacitors, also a little lower than ceramic capacitors, but obviously higher than film capacitors. After calculations, conventional isolated and non-isolated LED drivers will be reviewed and new non-isolated off-line 230v with 10w output power LED driver with magnetic energy... 

In this dissertation a special category of RF filters known as multi-path filters are introduced, chracterized and implemented. The center frequency of the multi-path filters can be tuned by changing the frequency of the clocks applied to the filter, which makes them attractive for use in multi-standard receivers. In this thesis, different types of multi-path filters are studied and by proposing different circuits, their various applications are covered. First, the concept of multi-path filters and their chracteristics are studied. Then a novel technique to analyze these filters based on Fourier analysis is proposed and then, based on this analysis, a new circuit architecture with reduced... 

Deployment of demands, increase in users and new services highlight the necessity of effective frequency allocation i.e. dynamic allocation instead of fixed allocation. Cognitive radio is a proper solution for dynamic frequency allocation. Cognitive radio can scan the spectrum and use the idle bands for transmitting and receiving data. The main part of this radio which is responsible for the most pivotal task is spectrum sensing. Recently, varied methods have been proposed to sense the spectrum. The scope of this research is on designing a very high-speed spectrum sensing system. In this thesis, in order to meet the required scan rate, a tunable complex filter with 40MHz pass-band has... 

Recent developments in improving lighting efficiency and cost reduction of LED’s have caused them to be a suitable alternative for the current lighting systems. In this thesis a novel off-line structure is proposed to drive LED’s. The proposed circuit has a high power factor and high efficiency and a long lifetime. To increase the life time of the converter, the proposed circuit doesn’t use any electrolytic capacitors in the power stage. The proposed circuit consists of a transition mode (TM) flyback converter in order to have power factor correction (PFC), a buck converter is added to the third winding of the flyback transformer in order to create two paths for the electrical power. DC... 

Feeder reconfiguration is one of the most prominent tasks for loss reduction, reliability improvement and also congestion alleviation in distribution networks. Besides improving abovementioned operational issues, during a long period of time, proper switching in appropriate times can causes a lot of economic savings. Furthermore, it can be intensified when capacitors are implemented and controlled in the network. To reach this purpose, most of the previous literature focuses merely on the power grid reconfiguration. Few of these researches have considered this problem as a dynamic one and studied that in a period of time, e.g. one day, considering fixed level of loads despite the others that... 

Capacitor setting and reconfiguration are of main means of loss reduction and voltage profile improvement in distribution system operation. Cooperation between these two strategies can effectively minimize power losses in distribution system automation. Also, from the medium and long term viewpoint, capacitor placement and reconfiguration can be used for loss reduction and reliability enhancement. In this section, the sum of losses cost, capacitor investment cost and reliability cost should be minimized. Regarding the need to solve two non-linear combinatorial optimization problems simultaneously, metaheuristic algorithms are used in this thesis. Specifically, Elitist Genetic Algorithm,... 

Analysis and design of power systems are challenging due to ever increasing dimension of the system and also the nonlinearities involved in the system. The conventional approach is to use linear analysis tools and then investigate the nonlinear impacts by the means of computer simulations. This requires great deal of trial and error and it is not always a timely approach. In this project, we initiate a comprehensive nonlinear analysis for a single-machine infinite-bus system by studying a Hopf bifurcation in its dynamics. We use results of our nonlinear analysis to study how a capacitive compensation such as TCSC works. Subsequently, we design a nonlinear controller for a PSS to have... 

Graphene، a molecular single layer of graphite، has tremendous applications in materials science for the development of nanocomposites، tissue engineering and supercapacitors. Graphene application and its developing applications depend on its essential properties such as excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Accordingly، investigation on graphene has drawn significant attention to itself. Hence، exploitation of these important properties including the induction of graphene sheets in polymer matrix seems to be essential. In the present survey، salep، a biodegradable polysaccharide، has been used for either the reduction of graphene oxide or functionalization of graphene. Then، reduced...