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carbon-dioxide
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Preparation of Nanocomposite Membrane For H2S / CH4 Separation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Khanbabaee, Ghader (Supervisor) ; Babana’lbandi, Ahmad (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Due to the presence of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in natural gas outlet of wells, it cannot be sent directly to the municipal pipelines. This study was trying to be select and made membranes for separation of CO2 and H2S from methane. Permeability of methane and carbon dioxide gases through the polyurethane membranes were studied. For this purpose, two commercial polyurethane and synthesized polyurethane with different formulations of the compounds that have been studied so far in the literature were used. Synthesized polyurethane and nano-composite membranes were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transfer...
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghodarznia, Iraj (Supervisor) ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study the kinetics of extraction of various hydrocarbons from crude oil using supercritical CO2 has been studied experimentally. The effect of parameters such as temperature (35, 45, 55, 65 °C), pressure (90, 110, 130, 150 bar), initial volume of crude oil (16, 19, 22, 25 mL) were investigated. Flow rate of gas has been recorded dynamically. QUALITECH 4 and MATLAB neural network softwares have been used for designing the experiments and modeling the final results, respectively. Pressure has a direct effect on extraction yield and by increasing it, heavier fractions could be obtained. On the other hand, the effect of temperature is more complicated, by increasing the temperature, the...
Development of Improved Conversion Energy System based on High Temperature Fuel Cells
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Roshandel, Ramin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Sustainable development is the basic aim of energy researchers. But common conversion technologies with respect to efficiency, fuel type and pollution of them, need basic operating improvement to reach sustainable development. Aim of this project is investigation of high temperature fuel cells as basic energy convertor. To improve performance of fuel cell system, four integration systemsare modeled and proposed. Using integrated systems in combined cooling, heat and power is another way of improving performance of systems, that is done in this project.
To improve system performance, the optimum operating values of these parameters is determined. In order to use four proposed system in...
To improve system performance, the optimum operating values of these parameters is determined. In order to use four proposed system in...
Energy and Economic Analysis of Vertical Farms Considering Solar Energy Utilization and CO2 Enrichment
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Roshandel, Ramin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Given the growth of the world's population along with the increase in the percentage of urban population by 2050, the way of responding to food consumption will change in the future. Controlled Environment Agriculture will largely account for future food supply. Vertical Farming is one of these systems. But despite the efficiency of these systems in terms of land and water and also not being affected by weather conditions, the main challenge in these systems is the consumption of energy use per unit of crop production. The cost of energy is about 25 to 40 percent of the total costs. The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated dynamic model for the determination of vertical farm...
Modelling the System Ionic Composition Effect on CO2 Generation during Carbonate Reservoirs Acidizing
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Jamshidi, Saeed (Supervisor) ; Bazargan, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Carbonate matrix acidizing using hydrochloric acid which causes CO2 generation is one of the most popular well stimulation techniques in recent decades. Lots of the wormhole propagation models developed for laboratory scale, assumes that the cores are fully saturated with aqueous solution and no CO2 gas is produced. Final purpose of this research is to develop a geochemical model describing equilibrium composition of a 3 phase system of acidic solution-gas-rock accurately in common pressure and temperature conditions of carbonate matrix acidizing to obtain main inputs of acid reactive flow in porous media from it. In this regard, concept of the “extent of the reaction” is defined and after...
Synthesis of Hybrid Nano-Adsorbent for CO2 Adsorption
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Molaei Dehkordi, Asghar (Supervisor) ; Rashidi, Ali Moradi (Supervisor)
Abstract
CO2 as a green house gas plays a significant role in the global warming and weather changes. Absorption by means of amine solutions is the main industrial technique for separating of CO2 from gas mixtures. Hazards associated with high temperature during solvent recovery, large size of equipment, corrosion, solvent degradation, and other reasons has made researchers to look for alternative processes such as adsorption. The aim of this study was to synthesis and modify the nano adsorbent for CO2 capture. To fulfill this purpose, various nano silica structures were synthesized and the amount of adsorption of each sample was determined. To investigate the performance capability nano_adsorbents,...
The Removal of CO2 from Flue Gas by Using MOF/Graphene Hybrid Adsorbents
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemeini, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Ganji, Ensieh (Supervisor) ; Bozorgzadeh, Hamid Reza ($item.subfieldsMap.e)
Abstract
Due to the increase in greenhouse gases in earth’s atmosphere in recent years and its devastating environmental outcomes, there has been an increase in research trying to reduce these gases especially CO2. Flue gas is one of the most important sources of CO2 emission. Among the many techniques of removal, capturing and CO2 separation from flue gas, physical adsorption by a solid adsorbent is considered as a suitable and economic option. Among the solid adsorbent that are used for adsorption of CO2, Metal-Organic frameworks have many interesting features such as high specific surface area and high internal free volume. Among the Metal-Organic frameworks, MIL-53 (Al) and MIL-101 (Cr) are two...
Study on Factor Involved in Multi-step Two Phase CO2 Sequestration Process
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Shaygan Salek, Jalaloddin (Supervisor) ; Kariminia, Hamid Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
The increase in CO2 concentration and its effect on ecosystem and global warming make carbon sequestration inevitable for now and future. Ex-situ carbonation of mineral ores is one of the studied sequestration methods. This method is permanent and safe in comparison with others. This process is carried out in four steps and two phases in this dissertation. At the first stage magnesium was extracted from its mineral silicate ore (Mixture of serpentine and olivine) by hydrochloric acid (HCl) and was dissolved in liquid phase as ion. After that the resultant leachate of extraction step was purified from unwanted ions extracted from minerals in two steps by precipitation formed by increasing pH....
Experimental Measurement, Modeling And Simulation Of Carbon Dioxide And Hydrogen Sulfide Absorption And Separation By [Emim][Otf]
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghotbi, Siroos (Supervisor) ; Rashtchian, Davood (Co-Advisor) ; Jalili, Amir Hossein (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Inrecent years,research onionic liquidsarehighly developed. Because ofthe uniqueproperties ofionic liquidssuch asnegligiblevapor pressureandthermalstability for use inlarge areasofmajor industries have been considered.However,ionic liquids because they have lessenvironmental wasteas an alternative to convention alorganic solventssuch asaminesalkanolanarise.Ionic liquid sassolventsfor theremoval ofacid gases such as water and gasare investigated. The solubility of CO2 and H2S in the [Emim] [OTF] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate) in the temperature range 303.15 to 343.15 K and pressures up to 2 MPa has been studied experimentally. In order to capture modeling, the model equations of state...
Production of Fuel from Carbon Dioxide Using Elements Doped on the Photocatalytic Nanoparticles of Titanium Oxide
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghotbi, Cyrus (Supervisor) ; Khorasheh, Farhad (Supervisor) ; Larimi, Afsaneh Sadat (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction is one of the promising methods used to produce a wide range of renewable hydrocarbon fuels using sunlight in the presence of photocatalysts. In this study, a series of Nickel and Bismuth doped titanium dioxide samples were synthesized by Sol-gel method. After performing photocatalytic carbon dioxide recovery experiments and finding the optimum percentage of Nickel and Bismuth doped titanium dioxide,Ni and Bi co-doped TiO2 sample showed the highest photocatalytic activity. Amount of methane production was 21.13 μmol/gcat in the presence of co-doped sample that was about 6.5 times higher than the amount of methane produced in the presence of pure TiO2...
Investigation of CO2-Foam Stability by Using Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Oil Recovery
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor) ; Shahrabadi, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the most common methods for enhancing oil recovery is gas injection. Because of greenhouse effect and environmental problems, carbon dioxide can be used as injected gas. Low viscosity and high relative permeability of gas make the gas injection as an ineffective EOR method. Foam injection is a good replacement because its mobility is much higher than gas. Usually surfactants are used as foam generator agent but the generated foam is not so stable. Using nanoparticles can improve foam stability for a longer time. In this research study fly ash particles is used as a new stabilizer agent to improve carbon dioxide foam stability. This particles are made of silica, aluminum, iron …...
Presenting a New Model for Planning Studies of a Multi-energy Microgrid to Achieve a Low-carbon Society
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moeini Aghtaie, Moein (Supervisor)
Abstract
With the growing population and the development of human societies, the demand for energy increases. And it is expected that for the next few decades, fossil fuels will continue to be recognized as the main sources of energy supply and used to meet energy demand. One of the biggest disadvantages of fossil fuel consumption is the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which raises the Earth's temperature and has devastating effects on the climate and the lives of its inhabitants. On the other hand, fossil fuels are recognized as non-renewable sources and their lifespan is only for the next few decades. Today, one of the major concerns of societies, especially in developed...
Numerical Modeling of CO2 Sequestration in Nonhomogeneous (layered) Saline Underground Formations
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Pak, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Due to a rapid growth in the consumption of fossil fuels, the emission of greenhouse gases has multiplied in the atmosphere in the past few decades. This issue can directly affect on the rise of global temperature. Because of the intensification of the global warming, international organizations are looking for ways to reduce the greenhouse effect. One of these methods is injecting and trapping greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, resulting from the operation of power plants and other large industries and preventing it from entering the atmosphere. The injection of carbon dioxide in underground salt water reservoirs can have various effects such as mechanical, hydraulic, thermal, and...
Synthesis and Evaluation of Modified Zeolites for Separation of Acidic Gases
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khorasheh, Farhad (Supervisor) ; Soltanali, Saeed (Supervisor) ; Ghasabzadeh, Hamid (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
The adsorption equilibria of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen on pelletized cation-exchanged faujasite zeolite (with alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal ions) have been investigated by a volumetric apparatus. The standard instrumental analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were utilized to characterize binder-free modified zeolites. The EDX spectra and AAS results revealed that the ion-exchange was successfully achieved with expected tendencies. The results indicate that the type of cation present in the zeolite...
Experimental Study and Modeling for Indication of Minimum Miscibility Pressure in Hydrocarbon Fractions in Porous Media
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghotbi, Cyrus (Supervisor) ; Taghikhani, Vahid (Supervisor)
Abstract
In tis study, 4 approaches were applied for estimating Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP). An oil sample from Norooz and Soroosh field has examined by means of association gas of foroozan field and Carbon Dioxide gas in experimental approach.the experimental method used for estimating MMP in Slim-tube. This kind method is applied in industry widely. The results indicate that the MMP of Carbon Dioxide and Norooz field oil is 3538 psi and with Soroosh field oil is 3650psi. the MMP of foroozan associated gas and Norooz field oil is 5643 psi and MMp with this gas and soroosh field oil not estimating
Investigation of the Effect of Asphaltene on Interfacial Tension Behavior of CO2/Oil Systems during CO2 Injection into Asphaltenic Oil Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Taghikhani, Vahid (Supervisor) ; Ayatollahi, Shahabeddin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Interfacial Tension (IFT) behavior of crude oil/CO2 system is recognized as the main factor affecting the efficiency of CO2 flooding during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process. Adding paraffin group hydrocarbon to asphaltenic crude oils as an asphaltene precipitant component is aimed to mimic asphaltene precipitation process during crude oil production and transportation. Asphaltene precipitation would critically effects the IFT behavior of crude oil/CO2 systems. In the first part of this study, the equilibrium densities of oil samples which contain different heptane ratio were measured at different pressures and the temperature of 323 K. Then, the equilibrium IFT between CO2 and the crude...
Preparation and Performance Assessment of Polymer-SAPO-34 Mixed Matrix Membrane for Separation of CO2 from Other Gases
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Soltanieh, Mohammad
(Supervisor)
;
Mohammadi, Aliasghar
(Supervisor)
Abstract
In this research incorporation of SAPO-34 zeolite filler into polycarbonate membrane was investigated for fabrication of mixed matrix membrane (MMM). The main purpose of addition of zeolite in polymer matrix is to enhance the separation properties of pure membrane by means of the selective pores of SAPO-34. SAPO-34 possesses pores with proper size for separation of CO2 from CH4 by molecular sieving mechanism. Pure polycarbonate membrane and PC/SAPO-34 MMM was prepared by solvent evaporation method using dichloromethane as solvent. Zeolite loading was varied between 5-30%wt. First of all, polycarbonate was characterized by DSC, FTIR and viscometer analysis in order to determine all the...
Simultaneous Carbon Dioxide Storage and Enhanced Gas Recovery in Gas Condensate Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Jamshidi, Saeid (Supervisor) ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The consumption of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause increase of earth atmosphere temperature and lots of environmental problems. Using appropriate alternative energy sources is one way to control this emission, while considering energy infrastructures shows this is a far solution. An early way for decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is injection of CO2 in geological formations. Since approximately 50 years ago some researches in this area have been developing. The most important limit of these projects is its costs so it is wise to combine them with gas injection projects in gas and oil...
Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Value-Added Products Using Pt Containing Catalysts
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khorasheh, Farhad (Supervisor) ; Larimi, Afsaneh Sadat (Supervisor)
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 gas into value-add chemicals known as solar fuel technology attracted much consideration from the beginning of the 21st century owing to the potential of this technology in solving the climate change and energy shortage issues. In the present study, a well-known photocatalyst, TiO2, was doped with Bismuth element and was subjected to Pt nanoparticles loading as a cocatalyst to boost the photocatalytic CO2 conversion. Pristine TiO2 and Bi-doped samples were prepared by sol gel method. Then, a facile photo-deposition method was employed to introduce Pt onto the surface of TiO2. Various characterization techniques including XRD, DRS, BET, PL, FTIR, FESEM and TEM, were used...
Surface Modification of Polysulfone Membrane by Plasma Treatment for CO2/CH4 Separation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Low frequency (LF) O2 plasma was used to modify the surface of polysulfone (PSF) gas separation membranes. The effect of treatment time and plasma power input on the membranes was also investigated. Pure CO2 and CH4 gas permeation measurements were performed before and after plasma treatment. The results showed the increase of permeability of the treated membranes due to surface ablation and surface polarization. However, the CO2/CH4 permselectivity of the treated membranes varied from 7.7 to 45.3 depending on the treatment conditions. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy determined the introduction of oxygen containing polar groups on the surface...