Sharif Digital Repository

As part of its Paris Agreement commitment, Iran pledged to decrease 4 % of its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from 2020 to 2030. About 29% of total emission in Iran belongs to electricity supply while energy consumption in other sectors (transport, household, and industry) have a lower share in CO2 emission. The main concern here is finding the optimal mix of power plants in the electricity supply system that should be deployed to meet Iran’s mentioned respective targets and considering simultaneously interests of consumers and producers in this energy system. So, we developed a non-linear mathematical programming model for Iran’s electricity system to address this concern with changing... 

Purpose: Dams require high-volume of construction materials and operations over the life cycle. This paper aims to select a proper type of dam structure that can significantly contribute to the sustainability of dam projects. Design/methodology/approach: This research proposes a complementary fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission assessment method for the alternate dam structure types to assist decision-makers in selecting sustainable choices. Related equations are developed for two common earthen and rock-fill dam structures types in Iran. These equations are then successfully applied to two real dam project cases where the significance of the achieved results are assessed and... 

Purpose: Dams require high-volume of construction materials and operations over the life cycle. This paper aims to select a proper type of dam structure that can significantly contribute to the sustainability of dam projects. Design/methodology/approach: This research proposes a complementary fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission assessment method for the alternate dam structure types to assist decision-makers in selecting sustainable choices. Related equations are developed for two common earthen and rock-fill dam structures types in Iran. These equations are then successfully applied to two real dam project cases where the significance of the achieved results are assessed and... 

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the use of renewable energy sources in building sector. The ground source heat pumps are a promising alternative for heating and cooling applications. Despite the high coefficients of performance and significant environmental benefits, their performance may deteriorate over the long-term operation if the annual ground loads are not well balanced. An appropriate solution is the use of hybrid ground source heat pump system through which some portion of the thermal loads can be offset by supplemental components. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system for heating a detached house... 

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the use of renewable energy sources in building sector. The ground source heat pumps are a promising alternative for heating and cooling applications. Despite the high coefficients of performance and significant environmental benefits, their performance may deteriorate over the long-term operation if the annual ground loads are not well balanced. An appropriate solution is the use of hybrid ground source heat pump system through which some portion of the thermal loads can be offset by supplemental components. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a solar-assisted ground source heat pump system for heating a detached house... 

With the introduction of restructuring concepts to traditional power systems, a great deal of attention is given to the utilization of distributed generation. Since the integration of DG units has been known as an alternative for main grid as a resource for energy supply, the determination of optimal sizing and sitting is an important issue in the planning procedure of DG. This work presents a comprehensive multi-objective model for integration of distributed generations into a distribution network, regarding various technical, economical and environmental issues such as reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and investment & running costs while the bus voltages shall be kept within... 

Energy and economy play a substantial role in environmental issues such as the emission of greenhouse gases. CO2 is one of the greenhouses that is hugely produced in industrial processes and other human being activities. The major share of CO2 emission is related to the energy-related activities. As a result, modeling the amount of produced CO2 by utilization of different energy sources must be considered. Moreover, by considering economic indicators such as gross domestic product, the accuracy of the model could be improved. In the present work, artificial neural network (ANN) with two transfer functions including normalized radial basis and tansig is used to model CO2 production of... 

Rammed earth (RE) is an eco-friendly building material and has been capturing special attention among researchers. Many of the recently studied RE additives are extremely resource- and energy-consuming. On the other hand, the usage of fly ash (FA), which is a sustainable replacement for cement, has been scarcely investigated in RE construction. In this paper, an experimental investigation was performed on the physical and mechanical properties of RE materials stabilized with the combination of cement and alkali-activated FA. This scrutiny consists of density measurements, pulse velocity tests, unconfined compression tests, and direct shear tests. Additionally, the carbon dioxide emission and... 

In this article, the influences of ferrofluid and magnetic field on the reactive absorption in packed-bed contactors have been investigated. Because of importance of carbon dioxide emission as a global concern, absorption of carbon dioxide was chosen to investigate these effects. In this regard, multitube approach was applied to model the contactor. The simulation results were validated against experimental data reported in the literature in the absence of nanoparticles and magnetic field and good agreement was obtained. Moreover, influences of various operating conditions on the contactor performance were investigated. It was found that for 3.4 vol.% of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), the... 

The high dependence of the atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions on fossil fuels has led it to increment. Process design along with the economic aspects, improves the technology diffusion of the carbon capturing. In the pressure swing adsorption as a promising carbon capturing technology, increasing the pressure leads to more adsorbed amount of carbon dioxide and energy consumption of compressor, which is a source for carbon dioxide emission. Experimental data shows that for pressures between 3 to 5bar, the avoided CO2 is in maximum rate. The economic analysis reveals that the pressure of 3bar is appropriate. Also, the utilization of CO2 in the aerogel production, as a nano-based thermal... 

The high dependence of the atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions on fossil fuels has led it to increment. Process design along with the economic aspects, improves the technology diffusion of the carbon capturing. In the pressure swing adsorption as a promising carbon capturing technology, increasing the pressure leads to more adsorbed amount of carbon dioxide and energy consumption of compressor, which is a source for carbon dioxide emission. Experimental data shows that for pressures between 3 to 5 bar, the avoided CO2 is in maximum rate. The economic analysis reveals that the pressure of 3 bar is appropriate. Also, the utilization of CO2 in the aerogel production, as a nano-based thermal... 

Iran, with a record of over one century of oil production, is currently one of the major oil producing countries of the world. Several of the old fields have been depleted to an uneconomical level of production which requires significant amount of natural gas for re-injection so that currently over 100 million cubic meters of natural gas is reinjected daily to maintain or enhance oil production to an economical level. It is estimated that in order to maintain oil production, over 200 million cubic meters of natural gas will be needed daily by 2015. However, due to the increased level of domestic and export demands for natural gas, EOR with natural gas is prohibitive and therefore portions of...