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carbonated-reservoirs
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A Carbonate Reservoir Characterization Using AVO Analysis on 3D Seismic Data
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Pishvaie, Mahmoud Reza (Supervisor) ; Javaherian, Abdolrahim (Supervisor) ; Nabi Bidhendi, Majid (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
In this project, some issues facing the application of AVO in carbonate reservoirs were studied,reviewed and discussed: physical relationships between elastic and reservoir rock properties to estimate compressional and shear wave velocities both on core measurements and well logging data, sensitivity analysis for Gassmann‐Biot and Kuster‐Toksoz rock physics models on the representative carbonate samples, lithology discrimination and reservoir characterization in carbonate intervals using AVO seismic attributes and specifically LambdaRho‐MuRho approach.The studied area (Azadegan Oil Field) is an area about 1174 km2 of 3D seismic data and was containing of six wells in the time of study. In...
Investigating the Role of Molecular Diffusion on the Performance of Non-Equilibrium Gas Injection in One of the Fractured Reservoirs in Iran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Major parts of Iran's oil reservoirs are fractured carbonates, which need time to produce oil due to their much lower permeability than sandstone reservoirs. Molecular diffusion mechanism is an efficient mechanism in oil recovery from fractured reservoirs under gas injection conditions. The main subject of this work is to investigate the role of molecular diffusion mechanism in the non-equilibrium gas injection project and its role in increasing the oil recovery rate in two southern fractured reservoirs located in the west of Iran, taking into account the capillary pressure, as well as the change of interfacial tension closely miscible conditions is also investigated through simulation. The...
Investigation of Rheological Behavior of Polymer on EOR in Carbonate Reservoir
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Ramazani Saadat Abadi, Ahmad (Supervisor) ; Emadi, Mohammad Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
The major objectives of this study are to analytically and experimentally investigate the rheological behavior of polymers in the fractured carbonate medium based on the polymer solution properties and operational conditions. The intrinsic and apparent viscosity of high molecular weight-partially hydrolyzed poly (acrylamide) which is mainly used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes hasbeen investigated in reservoir conditions. Since, the EOR efficiency of hydrolyzed poly (acrylamide) is very sensitive to the temperature and salinity of petroleumreservoirs; investigations have been carried out at different possible reservoirtemperatures using high saline polymer solutions. The parameters...
Experimental Investigation of Acidizing in Natural Fractured Carbonates to the Optimum Injection Condition
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahabodin (Supervisor)
Abstract
In many cases, oil and gas extraction from reservoirs due to damage and permeability reduction near wellbore is lower than optimum level and reduces the flow of oil into the well. In fact, formation damage is the collapse of natural condition of reservoirs, In addition to delaying production and increasing costs, it causes early desertification of wells. Well stimulation methods are used to solve this problem and increase production. One of the most effective ways to increase the production of wells is well acidizing. In this study, the acid performance of the fractured carbonate reservoirs has been investigated. In this type of reservoirs, due to the existence of high permeable paths of the...
Selecting a Surfactant for Wettability Alteration In Iranian Carbonate Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bastani, Daruoosh (Supervisor) ; Badakhshan, Amir (Supervisor)
Abstract
Fractured carbonate reservoirs are mostly oil-wet to intermediate-wet. Due to the negative capillary pressure of the matrix poor spontaneous imbibition of reservoir brine occurs in such reservoirs, and water flooding leads into early break through due to the high conductivity of the fracture network. Some surfactants have the ability to change the wettability of rock matrix toward water-wet state by adsorbing onto the rock surface. The phenomenon can result in spontaneous imbibition improvement and thereby increasing water flooding efficiency and recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs. In this thesis the effect of some surfactants on the wettability of Iranian carbonate reservoir rocks...
Using diagenetic processes in facies modeling of a carbonate reservoir
, Article Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects ; Volume 35, Issue 6 , Jan , 2013 , Pages 516-528 ; 15567036 (ISSN) ; Dehghan, A. A ; Lakzaie, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
The construction of a facies model could be employed as a conditional data for any property simulation that results in a more reliable reservoir characterization in further steps. In this study, an Iranian gas reservoir with six wells was studied to determine the 3D reservoir facies model. Fifteen reservoir facies were first detected along one of the wells with detailed core and thin section descriptions. Due to the significant difference between the core and log data resolution, facies were clustered into four major groups regarding the digenetic processes and petrophysical lithofacies properties (permeability and porosity). The lithofacies specification effect on petrophysical properties...
The synergic effects of anionic and cationic chemical surfactants, and bacterial solution on wettability alteration of carbonate rock: an experimental investigation
, Article Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ; Volume 513 , 2017 , Pages 422-429 ; 09277757 (ISSN) ; Lashkarbolooki, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Hashemi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Changing the wettability of reservoir rock towards strongly water-wet state is effective way to enhance oil recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs which are typically oil-wet. Regarding this fact, the injection of surfactant and the bacterial solution as EOR agents is proposed in the current work as a potential method to alter the wettability of rock surface reservoir. Nevertheless, there is a definite lack of experimental data regarding this method and the synergistic effect of both chemical and bacterial solutions on this process. In this study, the sole and combined effects of the bacterial solution using an Enterobacter cloacae strain as a biosurfactant-producer are compared with...
The operational and reservoir parameters influencing the performance of top-down in situ combustion in fractured reservoirs: 2D block-scale simulation of networked fractures
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 30, Issue 3 , 2011 , Pages 256-270 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Kharrat, R ; Vossoughi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Top-down in situ combustion (ISC) involves the stable propagation of a combustion front from the top vertical injector to the bottom horizontal producer. With the exception of laboratory studies of conventional sandstones, no application of the process in fractured carbonates has been addressed. The aim of the present work is to study ISC in the presence of a system of networked fractures using a thermal reservoir simulator from the Computer Modeling Group (CMG; Calgary, AB, Canada). The performance of ISC is compared with nonfractured system under similar conditions. To obtain more realistic results, a history-matched and validated combustion model of an Iranian naturally fractured...
The impacts of silica nanoparticles coupled with low-salinity water on wettability and interfacial tension: Experiments on a carbonate core
, Article Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology ; Volume 41, Issue 8 , 2020 , Pages 1159-1173 ; Jamialahmadi, M ; Esmaeilzadeh, F ; Wood, D. A ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Inc
2020
Abstract
Two main reservoir mechanisms that impact oil recovery factors are wettability alteration and interfacial tension (IFT) change. In this study, these two key mechanisms are evaluated experimentally for samples from the Asmari (carbonate) oil reservoir utilizing silica nanoparticles in the presence of low-salinity water. The nanofluid, rock formation and crude oil samples were prepared meticulously to ensure meaningful experimental could be conducted over a range of low-salinity conditions. The results show that across the range of salinities studied, the absolute value of zeta potential of nanofluids decreases with increasing total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water treated with silica...
The impact of surfactants on wettability change and level of water imbibition in relation to EOR in carbonate reservoirs
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 31, Issue 20 , 2013 , Pages 2098-2109 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Bastani, D ; Badakhshan, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
The impact of salinity on the interfacial structuring of an aromatic acid at the calcite/brine interface: an atomistic view on low salinity effect
, Article Journal of Physical Chemistry B ; Volume 124, Issue 1 , December , 2020 , Pages 224-233 ; Badizad, M. H ; Hartkamp, R ; Ayatollahi, S ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
American Chemical Society
2020
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the impact of salinity on the interactions governing the adsorption of polar aromatic oil compounds onto calcite. To this end, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to assess adsorption of a model polar organic molecule (deprotonated benzoic acid, benzoate) on the calcite surface in NaCl brines of different concentration levels, namely, deionized water (DW), low-salinity water (LS, 5000 ppm), and sea water (SW; 45,000 ppm). Calcite was found to be completely covered by several well-ordered water layers. The top hydration layer is very compact and prevents direct adsorption of benzoates onto the substrate. Instead, Na+ ions form a distinct positively...
The impact of connate water saturation and salinity on oil recovery and CO2 storage capacity during carbonated water injection in carbonate rock
, Article Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ; 2018 ; 10049541 (ISSN) ; Riazi, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Takband, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Chemical Industry Press
2018
Abstract
Carbonated water injection (CWI) is known as an efficient technique for both CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). During CWI process, CO2 moves from the water phase into the oil phase and results in oil swelling. This mechanism is considered as a reason for EOR. Viscous fingering leading to early breakthrough and leaving a large proportion of reservoir un-swept is known as an unfavorable phenomenon during flooding trials. Generally, instability at the interface due to disturbances in porous medium promotes viscous fingering phenomenon. Connate water makes viscous fingers longer and more irregular consisting of large number of tributaries leading to the ultimate oil recovery...
The impact of connate water saturation and salinity on oil recovery and CO2 storage capacity during carbonated water injection in carbonate rock
, Article Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ; Volume 27, Issue 7 , 2019 , Pages 1699-1707 ; 10049541 (ISSN) ; Riazi, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Takband, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Chemical Industry Press
2019
Abstract
Carbonated water injection (CWI) is known as an efficient technique for both CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). During CWI process, CO2 moves from the water phase into the oil phase and results in oil swelling. This mechanism is considered as a reason for EOR. Viscous fingering leading to early breakthrough and leaving a large proportion of reservoir un-swept is known as an unfavorable phenomenon during flooding trials. Generally, instability at the interface due to disturbances in porous medium promotes viscous fingering phenomenon. Connate water makes viscous fingers longer and more irregular consisting of large number of tributaries leading to the ultimate oil recovery...
The estimation of formation permeability in a carbonate reservoir using an artificial neural network
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Vol. 30, issue. 10 , Apr , 2010 , p. 1021-1030 ; ISSN: 10916466 ; Masihi, M ; Fatholah,i S ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Reservoir permeability is an important parameter that its reliable prediction is necessary for reservoir performance assessment and management. Although many empirical formulas are derived regarding permeability and porosity in sandstone reservoirs, these correlations cannot be accurately depicted in carbonate reservoir for the wells that are not cored and for which there are no welltest data. Therefore, having a framework for estimation of these parameters in reservoirs with neither coring samples nor welltest data is crucial. Rock properties are characterized by using different well logs. However, there is no specific petrophysical log for estimating rock permeability; thus, new methods...
The estimation of formation permeability in a carbonate reservoir using an artificial neural network
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 30, Issue 10 , 2012 , Pages 1021-1030 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Masihi, M ; Fatholahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
Reservoir permeability is an important parameter that its reliable prediction is necessary for reservoir performance assessment and management. Although many empirical formulas are derived regarding permeability and porosity in sandstone reservoirs, these correlations cannot be accurately depicted in carbonate reservoir for the wells that are not cored and for which there are no welltest data. Therefore, having a framework for estimation of these parameters in reservoirs with neither coring samples nor welltest data is crucial. Rock properties are characterized by using different well logs. However, there is no specific petrophysical log for estimating rock permeability; thus, new methods...
The effect of fractures' geometrical properties on the recovery mechanism of the top-down in situ combustion process
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 30, Issue 2 , Feb , 2011 , Pages 147-158 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Kharrat, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
The top-down in situ combustion (ISC) involves the stable propagation of the combustion front from the top vertical injector to the bottom horizontal producer. Apart from laboratory studies in conventional sandstones, no application of the process in fractured carbonates has been addressed yet. The authors modified a successful combustion tube history matched model of an Iranian low-permeable heavy oil reservoir called Kuh-E-Mond to investigate the feasibility of ISC in fractured carbonate reservoirs mimicking block-scale combustion cells. Effects of fractured geometrical properties such as orientation, location, extension, density, spacing, and dispersion were considered. Results confirmed...
The assessment of fracture geometrical properties on the performance of conventional in situ combustion
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 29, Issue 6 , Feb , 2011 , Pages 613-625 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Kharrat, R ; Ghotbi, C ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of fractures geometrical properties such as orientation, density, location, and networking on the conventional fire flooding (CFF) process performance through simulation analysis. Combustion parameters of a fractured low-permeable carbonate heavy oil reservoir in Iran called Kuh-E-Mond (KEM); applied for simulation study and simulator has been validated with KEM combustion tube experimental data. The validated model was modified to study CFF in 3D semi-scaled combustion cells. Simulation results confirmed that CFF is more feasible in the case of densely fractured reservoirs such as those in the Middle East
Smart water flooding performance in carbonate reservoirs: an experimental approach for tertiary oil recovery
, Article Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ; Volume 9, Issue 4 , 2019 , Pages 2643-2657 ; 21900558 (ISSN) ; Ayatollahi, S ; Bahari Moghaddam, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer
2019
Abstract
Smart water flooding as a developing technique utilizes modified water chemistry in terms of salinity and composition to prepare the best-suited brine composition for a specific brine/oil/rock system to obtain higher oil recovery efficiency. Huge amount of unrecovered oil is expected to be remained in carbonate reservoirs; however, few research works on incremental oil recovery during smart water injection in carbonate cores at reservoir condition are reported. Several core flooding tests using one of the Iranian carbonate reservoir rock are conducted to check the effectiveness of smart water injection for more oil recovery efficiency. The results reaffirm the positive effect of sulfate ions...
Simultaneous/sequential alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding in fractured/non-fractured carbonate reservoirs
, Article Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering ; Vol. 92, issue. 5 , May , 2014 , p. 918-927 ; ISSN: 00084034 ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Masihi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer flooding is one of the most novel chemical enhanced oil recovery methods in the petroleum industry. This method has attracted interest due to its remarkable advantages. In this work, a series of ASP floods are conducted on fractured/non-fractured carbonate rocks. The performance of the tests was investigated by various ASP floods consisting of five types of polymers, two surfactants and one common alkaline. ASP was flooded simultaneously and sequentially in four defined scenarios after water flooding. The results showed that although using hydrolysed polymers increases the recovery factor in the fractured medium, sulfonated polymers increase oil recovery even more...
Simulation study of Conventional Fire Flooding (CFF) in fractured combustion cells: A promising tool along experiment
, Article 1st International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition, Shiraz, 4 May 2009 through 6 May 2009 ; 2009 ; Kharrat, R ; Ghotbi, C ; Sharif University of Technology
European association of geoscientists and engineers, EAGE
2009
Abstract
The Conventional Fire Flooding (CFF) process application feasibility on fractured carbonated reservoirs remained questionable. In this paper first combustion parameters and reaction kinetics of a naturally fractured low permeability carbonated heavy oil reservoir in Iran called Kuh-E-Mond applied to simulation study. After that, simulator has been validated with Kuh-E-Mond combustion tube experiment. Recovery mechanism in single block matrix is different from one in conventional model since oxygen first flows into the fractures and then diffuses from all sides into the matrix. Combustion of the oil in the fractures produces some water ahead of fracture combustion front which prohibits oxygen...