Sharif Digital Repository

Methane steam reforming (MSR) is an assuring reaction using steam to produce H2 as clean energy over a nickel-based catalyst. We synthesized monometallic NiMgAl2O4 and bimetallic NiCoMgAl2O4 catalysts in a two-step combustion method using urea, glycine, and sucrose, as fuel. BET-BJH, XRD, TGA, TPR, FESEM, and EDX-mapping characterized surface area, porosity, morphology, crystalline structure, and metal-support interaction behavior. The products exhibited well-structured, simple MgAl2O4 spinel and NiO without NiAl2O4, in both specimens. The MSR evaluation tests at 750℃ under atmospheric pressure, CH4: H2O feed ratio of 1:1.6 showed the bimetallic catalyst has the highest conversion (99.30%)... 

There are more than one million motorcycles in the city of Tehran that are responsible for significant amounts of various air pollutants emissions such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Oxidation catalysis, as the exhaust aftertreatment system of motorcycles, can reduce the emission of CO and hydrocarbon pollutants. The efficiency of these catalysts under typical operating conditions of vehicle exhaust gas has been studied in the literature. However, due to the specific features of motorcycles exhaust gas in Tehran, such as ultra-rich combustion, low air to fuel ratio (lambdas as low as 0.6-0.7), different exhaust gas composition and significant amount of lubricating oil consumption,... 

Air pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Iran's metropolises, especially in the city of Tehran. Taxis have a significant contribution to pollution due to the long distances they travel during the day. Due to the fact that the operation of automotive three-way catalysts is a function of their operating conditions, and considering the different fuel composition in Iran and the specific conditions of engine performance, exhaust gas composition can be different from similar cases abroad. A commercial three-way catalyst was tested to evaluate its performance under conditions relevant to the exhaust gas of Tehran's taxis fleet. In this study, CO and C3H6 were considered as the... 

Over one million motorcycles operating in Tehran produce significant amounts of CO and unburnt hydrocarbons, thereby considered as one of the major contributors to air pollution in the city of Tehran. Oxidation catalysts, as emission control device, can reduce CO and hydrocarbon emissions from motorcycles. The efficiency of these catalysts under typical operating conditions of vehicles exhaust gas has been studied in the literature. However, due to the specific features of motorcycles exhaust gas in Tehran, such as low air to fuel ratio, different exhaust gas composition and significant amount of lubricating oil consumption, selection of a highly active, durable and cost-effective catalyst... 

In the present work, wet air oxidation of phenol over 7/3 MnO2/CeO2 composite oxide catalyst in trickle-bed and packed-bubble column reactors was modeled. Complexity of wet air oxidation reactions and catalyst poisoning with carbonaceous groups, on the surface and in the pores of catalyst, make the modeling process complicated. Plurality of mass balance equations which are confirmed in the catalyst pellet and in dynamic and static bed phase, also the equation of catalyst deactivation, lead us solve them simultaneously. In addition, the equations are two dimension and unsteady state and carbon of oxidation intermediates are present which make the modeling process more complicated. We are... 

Hydrogen is emerging as a clean and ideal fuel. However, its dependency on freshwater resources will be a threat to a sustainable environment. Considering the abundance of seawater and the scarcity of freshwater resources, direct electrolysis of seawater to produce hydrogen fuel can be a promising and potential alternative to pure water electrolysis technologies. Seawater contains electrochemically active ions with the nature of competition with the oxidation reaction of water, thus affecting the catalytic activity and, subsequently, the selectivity. From the thermodynamic and kinetic aspect in the electrolysis of seawater, the unfavorable reaction related to the formation of chlorine... 

In this research Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared. To protect against oxidation, a shell of SiO2 was deposited on Fe3O4. Graphene oxide was prepared by the modified Hummer method and supported on the Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell. Then, ionic liquid layer was impregnated on it. Afterward, PtAu nano alloy were synthesized on the surface of nanocomposite with the different molar ration including 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR analytical methods.For investigation of kinetically activity of catalysts, reduction of 4-nitrophenol with NaBH4 as reducer was used. The adsorption in different times was obtained by UV-vis... 

In this work ،we used the hydrothermal method for prepared the Bivo4 nano particles. For the best photocatality property these nano particles stabilized on the different basis. This catalysis characterized by UV-vis, XRD, BET, FTIR and SEM. The size of zeolites catalyst were 22 nm and size of Bivo4 were 54 nm and the SEM showed that the BivO4 were sphere. By addition of BiVO4 nano particles to the surface of zeolite, the surface area was increase, but addition of BiVO4 nano particles to surface, the average of holes size decreased and distribution of holes will be monotonous and the surface area increased. In the continue for investigation of photo catalyst activity of nano particle, we used... 

In current research, two zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks, MIP-202 (Zr) and UIO-66(CO2H)2 were employed as catalysts in the epoxy ring-opening reactions by amino and alcoholic nucleophiles. Firstly, these metal-organic frameworks were prepared under mild synthetic conditions and then characterized by means of spectral techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron microscopy Scanning (SEM) and X-ray energy diffraction (EDAX) spectroscopy were confirmed. Finally, their catalytic activity in epoxy ring-opening reactions was investigated and in to determine optimal conditions, the... 

Carboxamide ligands have been part of the growing research in the field of coordination chemistry of transition metal complexes. The solvent used in the classical method of synthesis of these compounds is pyridine, a solvent which is extremely toxic. In this project, we have developed a new method of synthesis using ionic liquids as the reaction media and have prepared Hqcq (1), Htp(2) under optimum conditions for Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of Hqcq and Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of Htp with the formula:[Pd(qcq)(OAc)] (1a), [Pt(qcq)(Cl)] (1b), [Co(Htp)2(H2O)2].C2H5OH (2a), Co3O4 (2b), [Cu(tp)2(H2O)].CHCl3 (2c), CuO (2d), [Zn(tp)2(H2O)2] (2e), [Cd(tp)2(H2O)2].CH3OH... 

Today, catalysts have shown the growing applications in chemical industries especially for drug synthesis. Using immobilized heterogeneous catalysts is a sensible way to benefit from advantages of both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. In this regards, homogeneous catalysts are immobilized on to a solid support through various methods. However, low loading amount of homogenous part and subsequently insufficient catalytic activity are main limitations of immobilized heterogeneous catalysts. For this reason, polymeric supports have been introduced to immobilize metal ions or nanoparticles. These polymeric supports not only possess advantages such as anti-corrosive properties, simple... 

In this project, the catalytic properties of CuO and ZnO were investigated in reduction reactions.MOFs were used as a precursor to preparation of these metal oxides. Gold and silver nanoparticles were used to improve the catalytic properties of the prepared metal oxides. Structural characteristics of nanocatalysts were stydied by SEM, TEM, XRD and FT-IR techniques. The prepared nanocomposites were applied in the catalytic reduction of paranitrophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride and the kinetics and mechanism were investigated according to the structure of the prepared catalysts  

In this study a new Ni(II)-¬oxazoline complex was synthesized by reaction of Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O and 2-(2׳-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline ligand in MeOH solvent. The resulting complex bis[2-(2׳-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazolinato]Ni(II), was characterized by different spectroscopic methods. X-ray diffraction showed that this complex is four coordinated with a square planner geometry. The complex was applied as an efficient homogeneous catalyst in C-C coupling Heck reaction of arylhalides with olefins such as methylacrylate. Investigation of the catalytic activity of the complex in Heck reaction between arylhalides and olefins showed high yield and selectivity. For example reaction between iodobenzene and... 

In this study a novel oxo-diperoxo tungsten(VI) complex [WO(O2)2(phox)] was prepared by reaction of WO3 in H2O2 with oxazine-type ligand, 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazine (Hphox). The complex was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed a seven coordinate tungsten center with a distorted octahedral geometry. The [WO(O2)2(phox)] complex was applied as a catalyst in efficient, and selective oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide using 30% H2O2 or UHP as oxidants. This catalyst showed excellent catalytic activities and high selectivities in producing a variety of aryl and alkyl sulfoxides under mild conditions. To get...