Sharif Digital Repository

Research and information available shows that the number of natural disasters are increasing dramatically; hence disaster management is being raised as one of the most important topics in this field. The relief logistics is the greater part of disaster management model.
In this study, in order to manage the logistics activities effectively in a response phase of an earthquake, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm is developed for a transportation network. Then, the proposed algorithm is tested on a small part of Tehran.
 

The extended drought in the Orumieh River Basin has caused severe problems for Orumieh Lake. Due to the fact that agriculture is the biggest user of water resources in this region, effective management of groundwater and surface water resources plays an important role in management of Orumieh lake`s condition. In this situation, “water trading” by designing an efficient “smart market” seems to be a viable option; A market with lower transaction costs which can be adaptable to changing demands and being able to optimize economic benefit within the environmental constraints. This market works by reallocating water among users who intend to sell their excess water and those who prefer to buy... 

Natural disasters have been with the earth, and felt critical as far back as human history. These incidents are inevitable, but their effects may be controlled. One important problem after a disastrous earthquake is the management of people’s vehicular movements in a chaotic situation. This study is an endeavor to envisage what would possibly happen after such an incident, and how could we possibly control or manage the traffic in such an occasion. We start with the analysis of the online reports of similar past incidents, and try to picture how people react to these events. We try to identify the trip purposes that have been shown to be pursued, and the respective origins and destinations.... 

The aim of this study is to evaluate post-earthquake travel behavior in Tehran. After a horrible disaster, like earthquake, people’s travel behavior may change substantially in comparison with normal condition. If people’s travel behavior can be predicted after an earthquake, then authorities can manage travels for emergency medical services in a more efficient way, so the casualties are profoundly diminished. To collect a formation, a questionnaire about socio-economic characteristics of people and their post-earthquake travel behavior was designed. According to the obtained results, time of occurrence and severity of the earthquake are of the utmost importance. So if the earthquake occurs... 

reparedness and emergency procedure be devised in the event of,and prior to,a disaster. One of these disastersoften accompanying byhuge damages, losses and casualtiesisanearthquake. After such a disaster, several governmental and non-governmental organizations usually start relief operations. They commonly pursue their own agendas and use their own facilities and capabilities to help the people affected without pursuing a central plan. These disintegrated behaviors of involved organizations generate contradictory responses and result in either wasted resources or preventing equitable service for all affected people. Due tothe abovefact, this dissertation proposes amodel for improving... 

Natural disasters, earthquakes in particular, claim many human lives and damage major lifelines such as transportation networks. Transportation networks play an important role in various stages of response to disasters, such as evacuation, search, rescue and reconstruction missions. Hence, special attention must be paid to transportation networks in any disaster management system. Hence, in order to reduce the impacts of earthquakes on denser cities and metropolitan areas, analysis of the resiliency and vulnerability of critical infrastructures such as transportation network, can be used as an effective strategy.The resiliency and vulnerability of transportation network have attract a lot... 

Natural hazards such as earthquake take many lives each year and cause significant damages to infrastructures such as transportation networks. Whether after occurrence of a natural disaster like storm in order to evacuate, or after an abrupt event such as earthquake in order to provide emergency measures, a transportation network should maintain its functionality and performance in an acceptable degree and should recover in an effectively short period of time. In this study, the link or the set of links which their removal causes significant damage to the transportation network are identified. A specific index (N-Q index) has been used to describe the performance of the network. In addition,... 

The occurrence of natural disasters and damages caused by them has greatly impacted humans' lives, which reveals need for us to prepare for confrontation with various disasters. For this purpose, in this research, we are seeking to develop a programming model to reduce damages caused by various disasters. This thesis includes 3 main sections. In first section, some major impacts of disasters are reviewed and studied during the past 118 years and some major lessons are summarized based on statistical data analysis. In second section, a 3-demontional probability density function has been developed to categorize different types of disasters. Furthermore, a scaling system is presented to... 

In this study, community resilience after a disaster is optimally enhanced for interdependent infrastructures through prioritization of recovery operations considering limited resources. Optimal enhancement of community resilience can be performed at two levels: Pre-disaster and Post-disaster. In the pre-disaster level, resilience enhancement is achieved through optimization of long-term decision making that includes optimized allocation of resources to retrofit of buildings. However, in the post-disaster response and recovery period, allocating resources to retrofit or backup systems is infeasible. Therefore, in the post-disaster level considered in this study, resilience enhancement is... 

This Thesis presents a robust network design model for supplying blood during and after an earthquake disaster. A two stage optimization model based on several real-world scenarios is developed. The purpose of this research is to locate and allocate fixed and mobile facilities in probabilistic situation, in which Tehran city with 22 districts is considered as a case study. This model can be categorized as a probabilistic model which demand and supply rate for blood and its derivatives is uncertain. Furthermore the blood transition between different blood types and conversion to its derivatives such as Platelet and plasma are involved in the proposed model. The supply chain for blood consists... 

Natural disasters claim major losses in human lives and belongings, as well as national infrastructures. Taking major earthquake as an example, the study has considered two sides of the problem, both before and after the incident. The former side is formulated as a multipartite optimization problem, in which each party’s activities are directed toward the long-term solution of the original problem. A heuristic method to solve the multipartite problem, and solve three example problems to show the applicability of the method was proposed. The solutions of example problems show that a directed problem solution reaches a better solution (in terms of the objective function value) than the... 

This research deals with the joint problem of reopening the roads closed after a disastrous natural event and the damaged area relief programming. While these two problems are connected to each other by the joint resources of ruins and debris removal, they are usually treated separately in the literature, and their solutions are sought in practice by the art of experienced authorities. This study formulates a dynamic tri-level integer programming problem to represent the two problems of Road Reopening and Relief, in which the crisis manager has the objective of minimizing the death tolls over a planning time interval. It identifies the roads for reopening at the first level; and the second... 

The abstract is the most important section of the thesis because many readers limit most of their reading to abstracts, saving in-depth reading for specific theses. It should give the reader a "preview" of what's to come. The abstract should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations. The purpose of the abstract is to allow researchers to decide whether or not to read the whole thesis. The abstract is what researchers read first to decide if the thesis is important, interesting, and it allows them to assess the relevance of a thesis to their own research, without having to read the entire thesis. Thus, it is crucial that the abstract both summarize succinctly the key... 

Large amounts of relief resources such as water, tents, medical equipment and fuel after a major disaster need to reach the affected people. Satisfying the needs of victims is crucial to the success of crisis relief operations, as a lack of relief resources can lead to the suffering and loss of lives of victims. According to studies, large-scale catastrophes have occurred frequently in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the management of post-crisis resources. Since the distribution of emergency resources depends largely on the efficiency and effectiveness of logistics operations, the primary objectives include minimizing logistics time and cost, minimizing...