Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, the properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA) films incorporated with Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZMO) as a potential antioxidant/antibacterial material was investigated. PVA films were prepared from PVA solutions (2% w/v) containing different concentrations of ZMO. Water solubility, moisture absorption, water swelling, and water vapor permeability for pure PVA films were 57 ± 1.1, 99 ± 3.2%, 337 ± 8%, and 0.453 ± 0.015 g mm/m2 h, respectively. Incorporation of ZMO into PVA films caused a significant decrease in water swelling and moisture absorption and increase in solubility and water vapor permeability. Tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at break for pure... 

In this study, sandwich beam model (SM) is proposed for free vibration analysis of bilayer graphene nanoribbons (BLGNRs) with interlayer shear effect. This model also takes into account the intralayer (in-plane) stretch of graphene nanoribbons. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the software LAMMPS and Adaptive Intermolecular Reactive Empirical Bond Order (AIREBO) potential are done to validate the accuracy of the sandwich model results. The MD simulation results include the two first frequencies of cantilever BLGNRs with different lengths and two interlayer shear moduli, i.e., 0.25 and 4.6GPa. These two interlayer shear moduli, 0.25 and 4.6GPa, can be obtained by sliding a small... 

Nano-biocomposites are a new class of hybrid materials composed of nano-sized filler (nanofiller) incorporated into a bio-based matrix. Such an association between eco-friendly biopolymers and nano-objects, with the aim to obtain synergic effects, is one of the most innovating routes to enhance the properties of these bio-matrices. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in Starch as an inexpensive and renewable source has been used as a filler for environmentally friendly plastics for about two decades. However, the poor mechanical properties of starch based biopolymers, leads to use of nanoparticles as reinforcing materials. In the present study, the influence of a... 

Nowadays, thin films have many applications in every field. So, in order to improve the performance of thin film devices, it is necessary to characterize their mechanical as well as electrical properties. In this research work we focus on the development of a model for the analysis of the mechanical and electrical properties of silver nanoparticles deposited on silicon substrates. The model consists of inter-particle diffusion modeling and finite element analysis. In this study, through the simulation of the sintering process, it is shown that how the geometry, density, and electrical resistance of the thin film layer are changed with sintering conditions. The model is also used to... 

To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first successful effort to fabricate and study nanostructured Ni-based composite coatings using the electrophoretic deposition method with nanostructured SiO2 particles. In this work, Ni/SiO2 nanoparticle composite coatings were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) [1] and their hardness, wear and corrosion resistances [2] were examined. After studying the morphology of the coatings and finding the optimum conditions for uniform coating, in order to improve the mechanical properties as well as resistance to corrosion, sintering was performed. The Ni/SiO2 nanocomposite coatings show excellent hardness (∼376 HV), reduced Young's... 

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin films were reinforced by glutaraldehyde and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and then mechanical, water solubility, water swelling, water uptake, water vapor permeability, and antibacterial properties of the films were examined. Cross-linking by glutaraldehyde or incorporation of MWCNT caused a significant increase in tensile strength, decrease in elongation at break, and increase in Young's modulus of the PVA films, while MWCNTs were more effective rather than that of glutaraldehyde. Cross-linking by glutaraldehyde or incorporation of MWCNT caused a significant decrease in water solubility, water swelling and water uptake, with a similar manner.... 

The small-strain shear modulus, Go, is an important fundamental soil property. Although many studies have been conducted on this property for clean sands and pure clays, small-strain behavior for mixtures of sand and fines has been less addressed. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive laboratory study on G0 value of sand containing various amounts of different fines. To this aim, bender elements were integrated into a conventional triaxial apparatus, and shear wave velocity was measured on samples of sand with different amounts of highly-plastic, medium-plastic, low-plastic, or non-plastic fines at different void ratios. Measuring the shear wave velocity and thus... 

Predictions of soil behavior in response to dynamic loads require an understanding of dynamic properties of soil. Studies on dynamic properties of unsaturated soils at large-strains are quite limited, while some dynamic loadings, like earthquakes, are in the medium to large-strain ranges. A cyclic simple shear apparatus was developed to measure large-strain shear modulus and damping ratio under different matric suction or degree of saturation. Six cyclic tests, with referring to the soil-water retention curve, were conducted on clean medium sand. Results indicated that shear modulus slightly increases when suction varies from zero up to the air entry value. Approaching the residual value, a... 

Metallic foams are a class of lightweight materials that show high potentials for different industrial applications such as automotive and aerospace engineering. However, many factors have prevented metallic foams from being fully utilized in industrial applications. One main factor is that the influences of the porous structure on the mechanical properties of metallic foams are not well known yet. In this paper, a finite element model was used to analyze monodisperse closed cell aluminum foam in order to determine the relationship between its elastic modulus, porosity and pore diameter. A nonlinear relationship was found between the foams porosity, pore diameter and modulus of elasticity.... 

Both natural montmorilonite (CN) and organically modified montmorilonite (CB) improved significantly the mechanical performance of novolac phenolic resin (PF)/woven glass-fiber (GF) composites due to their nanodispersion and good interfacial interaction with the matrix. It was revealed that the incorporation of 2.5 wt% of the clays enhances the elastic modulus up to 38% for CN and 43% for CB. Aging of PF/GF composites at various aqueous solutions, i.e. water, brine and acidic environments, increased stiffness of the composite (∼100-250% increase in elastic modulus) due to possible secondary crosslinking caused by water molecules and hydroxyl groups of PF resin. However, aging led to the... 

In this paper, the scattering of anti-plane shear waves in an infinite matrix containing a multi-coated nanofiber/nanotube is studied. Based on the fact that the surface to volume ratio for nano-size objects increases, the usual classical theories which generally neglect the surface/interface effects fail to provide reasonable results. Therefore, to analyze the problem the wave-function expansion method is coupled with the surface/interface elasticity theory. In order to provide some quantitative results through consideration of several examples, the knowledge of the relevant surface and/or interface properties of the corresponding constituent materials are required. For this reason, part of... 

Cyclic drained and undrained tests were performed in a modified simple shear device in order to specifically investigate the effect of saturation ratio on shear modulus and damping parameters of sand. In addition to the degree of saturation, the effects of number of cycles, vertical consolidation stress, shear strain amplitude and relative density on dynamic properties of sand were investigated. Dynamic stiffness and damping characteristic were found to be substantially independent of saturation ratio in the range of 25-75%. However, by approaching the full saturation state, the values of modulus fall sharply and damping of loose samples increases dramatically from corresponding values of... 

The unsaturated small strain shear modulus, Gmax, is a key reference value in predicting relationships between dynamic shear modulus and shear strain amplitude and is thus a key quantity to properly model the behavior of dynamically-loaded geotechnical systems such as pavements, rail beds, and machine foundations. From the interpretation of the experimental Gmax results for unsaturated soils, different definitions of trends between Gmax and the stress state of the unsaturated soils and material properties are proposed. However, in most of trends, the relationship between the stress state and void ratio is considered and the effect of void ratio on the unsaturated small strain shear modulus... 

Nonlinear vibration of a microbeam actuated by a suddenly applied voltage with considering the effect of voltage distribution on the beam due to electrical resistivity of beam is investigated. Homotopy perturbation method is implemented to solve the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations of motion. The vibration frequency variation and damping at various resistivities is studied. Considering resistivity, effect of applied voltage and beam length on the frequency shift and damping ratio is analyzed. Findings indicate there exists a jump in frequency shift and damping ratio at a critical resistivity. Variation of critical resistivity with respect to modulus of elasticity and beam... 

In this paper, nonlinear radial and hoop thermoelastic stress analysis of rotating disk made of functionally graded material (FGM) with variable thickness is carried out by using the finite element method. In this method, one-dimensional second order elements with three nodes have been used. The geometrical and boundary conditions are in the shape of nonexistence of the pressure (zero radial stress) in both external and internal layers and zero displacement at the internal layer of rotating disk. Furthermore, it's assumed that heat distribution is as second order curve while material properties such as elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio and thermal expansion coefficient vary by using a... 

The small-strain shear modulus Gmax is a key material parameter in modeling the behavior of soils subjected to dynamic loading. Recent experimental results indicate that seasonal weather interaction with near-surface soils causes Gmax to change by up to an order of magnitude in some climates, with a hysteretic response upon drying and wetting. The increase in Gmax during drying and the stiffer response during subsequent wetting have been postulated to be due to plastic hardening during drying. To further understand this behavior, a series of isotropic compression tests were performed on compacted silt specimens at different values of matric suction to evaluate changes in the preconsolidation... 

In recent years, structures integrated with magnetorheological (MR) fluid have been considered for their tunable dynamic characteristics. Shear modulus of MR layer in composite structure is dramatically lower than the elastic layers, leading to high shear deformation inside the MR layer, thus classical theories are not accurate enough to predict the dynamic behavior of such structures. In present study a layerwise displacement theory has been utilized to predict a more accurate deformation for MR-composite beam and equation of motions derived using finite element model (FEM). ASTM E756-98 was employed to evaluate the complex shear modulus of MR fluid. By experimental test a practical... 

A new study is conducted with the aid of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the effect of shear modulus value of the interlayer van der Waals (vdWs) interactions on free vibration of cantilever multi-layer graphene nanoribbons (MLGNRs). The corresponding calibrated nonlocal parameters of the nonlocal model are obtained accordingly. The vdWs interactions are treated as the cores between every two adjacent graphene layers and their equivalent shear modulus is calculated using MD simulation. The obtained resonant frequencies via the nonlocal sandwich model are compared to the MD simulation results to calibrate the nonlocal parameter. Results reveal a strong conclusion that the... 

Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to investigate material properties of nanocrystalline aluminum and nanocrystalline Al/Ni multilayers at low temperature. For this purpose, both single crystal and nanocrystalline multilayers with different grain sizes and grain morphology are used as the substrate. The results of the simulations show that hardness and elastic modulus decrease with refinement of grain size in nanocrystalline aluminum and refinement of grain size and layer thickness in nanocrystalline Al/Ni multilayers, regardless of grain morphology. Furthermore, the angle between two adjacent grains, which is directly connected to the grain boundary thickness, has a great influence... 

This paper presents a novel method for fabrication of bone-like Ti6Al4V foamy core@compact shell composite for utilization as substitutive implant for cortical bone having porous core. Seven prototypes with core-diameters of 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 mm surrounded by dense shells of respective thicknesses 8, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0 were produced by an innovative two-stage packing/compaction sintering method. Density, porosity, Young's modulus and compression strength of the prototypes depended on the core diameter. Mechanical strength and Young's modulus of 10@16 (10 mm core, 16 mm diameter prototypes) resembled that of the human ulna bone. Creation of foam at the center was achieved by...