Sharif Digital Repository

The development of emerging smart grid technologies has led to more and more penetration of renewable energy resources and electric energy storage in the residential sectors. Besides, owing to the significant evolution of power electronic devices, there is a rapid growth in penetration of DC loads and generations, such as PV and electric vehicles (EVs), into the buildings and homes as a building block of the future smart cities. This is despite the fact that the electricity infrastructure of the conventional buildings is designed based on AC electricity and as a result, there would be a lot of losses due to the frequent power conversion from AC to DC and vice versa. Besides, according to a... 

The distribution system's economic operation is significantly impacted by the management of distributed generation (DG) resources, energy storage (ES), and controllable loads. The paper employs a smart distribution system that incorporates dispatchable and non-dispatchable DG resources, as well as battery storage, in addition to the demand response (DR) scheme. New modelling was performed in hourly steps to achieve the optimal unit commitment. In smart homes, appliances are prioritized and classified into four types: adjustable, interruptible, shiftable, and uncontrollable loads. Load reduction in smart homes is also considered based on load prioritization and customer participation in the... 

Electrical energy is very necessary for human life in the modern era. The rising energy prices, depletion of fossil fuels, and instability of the grid are alarming situations. So, it needs a smart solution to ensure the balance between pricing and saving natural resources. Some other issues like environmental change, limitations on installation of new transmission lines, reliability concerns, and considering the expansion in distributed energy generation technologies promise the implementation of distributed generation extensively. The integration of two or more energy supplies in a power system is known as distributed energy resource system. In this study, a university campus is taken as a... 

Satisfying the clients' uncompromising priorities is a challenge for decision makers of organizations that face multiple projects. This paper considers an organization with a multi-skilled workforce working on several predetermined projects under time-of-use energy tariffs where distributed load energy usage is the primary concern of energy suppliers. This paper also considers different time-of-use energy tariffs, which are among the most common strategies to reach a more balanced energy utilization. The problem is stated as a bi-objective mixed-integer programming model containing two conflicting objectives; to minimize the total cost of the multi-skilled workforce and obtain a sustainable... 

Renewable hydrogen production plays a key role in transitioning to a hydrogen economy. For this, developing countries are encouraged to keep up with industrialized nations. As such, this study seeks to evaluate the potential of all capital cities of Iran in terms of solar-based hydrogen production and prioritize the nominated alternatives. This step is highly valued because finding the most suitable place for this purpose can lead to substantial outcomes and consequently avoid failure. Therefore, here a 20-kW solar power plant is simulated by PVsyst 6.7 software and meteorological data of 31 capital cities is extracted using Meteonorm 7.1 software. Considering all losses associated with... 

Smart home is a small but an important energy segment that has a significant potential to implement authentic energy policies, where human is a major decision-maker in the home energy management dilemma. Therefore, humans’ emotions and tendencies plays a vital role as the End-User's daily decisions. In this paper, we develop a behavioral home energy management model based on time-driven prospect theory incorporating energy storage devices, distributed energy resources, and smart flexible home appliances. The conventional prospect theory is then modified by considering the psychological time discount effect in the value function. The non-flexible load and photovoltaic generation uncertainties... 

Cryptocurrency mining device (CMD) is a plug-and-play device installed by any low-voltage customer to convert electrical energy to digital money. Recently, the significant increase in the price of digital currencies has persuaded residential customers in many countries to employ CMDs to obtain quick and easy profit. However, these rapidly evolving loads can cause a substantial increase in the coincident peak load of distribution networks. Therefore, it can threaten the safe and reliable operation of the network. A straightforward way to restrict the penetration rate of these home-based miners is to increase the electricity price such that this business becomes unprofitable; however, this... 

Reinforcing the correlation between Gas and Electricity Systems (G&ESs) susceptible to diverse factors ranging from anthropogenic climate change to the advent of new conversion/generation technologies has remarkably brought into focus the co-expansion of G&ESs using a new concept so-called Energy Hub (EH) as well as the potential of storage systems. To assess the effectiveness of EH approach and the role of storages in the coordinated plans of G&ES, this study proposes a comprehensive EH-based planning model for co-expansion of G&ES supply chains with respect to the role of Gas Storage Systems (GSSs). As a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, the model is applied to a real... 

Stand-alone hybrid power systems are an alternative to main electricity grids, where the grid extension is costly or the trifling local consumption would not justify its expansion. However, lack of consistency and uniformity in renewable energy sources, and the restrictions of energy storage systems make system sizing a challenging task. Optimum size of a stand-alone system depends on several factors including energy demand function. In this paper, different types of demand functions are addressed for optimising a solar-hydrogen supply system. Different parameters are defined to investigate the impact of household population on the power generation cost, and also to determine the optimum... 

The use of hybrid renewable energy has increased in recent years due to the growing environmental concerns caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. The purpose of this study was the economic-environmental feasibility of using hybrid energy systems in one of the most polluted and populated provinces in Iran, Isfahan province. Various components of the hybrid energy system such as wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic panel (PV), diesel generator (DG), converter (CV) along with two scenarios of energy storage including battery (BT) and hydrogen storage have been considered in modeling the energy system. Six scenarios were considered based on the combination of different components for supplying... 

Microgrids (MGs) have a special role in developing several consumers' energy infrastructure and supply in more economical, safer, and sustainable ways. The interaction and mutual relationship between each energy carrier on the reliable performance of other carriers and the high growth of tri-generation technologies in the MG face the optimal performance of such networks with many challenges. Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP)-based MGs are a new generation of MGs that simultaneously provide electrical, thermal, and cooling loads. However, the interaction between these carriers is very influential in CCHP-based MG's operation, which is rarely analyzed. Hence, this paper focuses on... 

This paper presents a new model for optimal scheduling of renewable-based multi-energy microgrid (MEM) systems incorporated with emerging high-efficient technologies such as electric vehicle (EVs) parking lots, power-to-gas (P2G) facility, and demand response programs. The proposed MEM is equipped with wind energy, multi-carrier energy storage technologies, boiler, combined heat and power unit, P2G, EVs, and demand response with the aim of total operational cost minimization. Meanwhile, the system operator can participate in three electricity, heat, and gas market to meet local demands as well as achieve desired profits through energy exchanges. The proposed MEM is exposed to high-level... 

Thermal power generation needs great volumes of water for cooling purposes. A multi-period Low Water Generation Expansion Planning (LW-GEP) model is proposed to plan the future generation mix including type, capacity, time of installation, and proper cooling system of generation technologies to supply the future electric peak loads under the water resource limitations. Different types of generation technologies with conventional and modern cooling systems are considered as expansion candidates in the proposed LW-GEP model. The access of candidate and existing power plants to the water resources are considered. Renewable resources as water smart solutions are integrated in the proposed energy... 

The use of solar-powered reverse osmosis desalination systems is a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution in the desalination industry. However, there are some substantial technical and economic challenges due to the intermittency and fluctuation of solar energy. Recent technological improvement and feed-in tariff policies enable these systems to be competitive with conventional grid-connected reverse osmosis systems. In this paper, a feasibility study of the integration of solar panels with the grid to power small-scale reverse osmosis systems (namely up to 2000 m3/day) is conducted in Iran, as a country with a low price of electricity. For this purpose, a city located on the... 

A vapor-compression cooling system utilizing PCM is studied whereby the electricity consumption peak load is shifted. More specifically, the dynamic performance of the cooling system with and without PCM is evaluated and is presented with details on the hottest day of the year in Tehran, Iran. The proposed system uses the cooling energy to freeze or “discharge” the PCM during nighttime when the cooling load is minimally needed and uses the stored cooling energy during the peak load hours by melting or “charging” the PCM. This leads to better performance during the peak load hours when higher cooling loads are required. Oleic acid was chosen as PCM. The simulation was performed in EES... 

Natural calamities always have been a serious threat to energy systems. In this regard, this paper constitutes a stochastic mixed integer linear programming (SMILP) model to enhance the resilience of power distribution systems to deal with disastrous events. In particular, the proposed model is developed to enhance both survivability and restoration capability of distribution systems. In this regard, to increase the preparedness of the power distribution system, the system operator reconfigures the network by utilizing remote-control switches (RCSs), manual switches (MSs), and distributed generations (DGs) before the natural calamity hits. The proposed model contemplates the traveling time... 

While Afghanistan's power sector is almost completely dependent on fossil fuels, it still cannot meet the rising power demand of this country. Deploying a combination of renewable energy systems with hydrogen production as the excess energy storage mechanism could be a sustainable long-term approach for addressing some of the energy problems of Afghanistan. Since Badakhshan is known to have a higher average wind speed than any other Afghan province, in this study, a technical, economic, and carbon footprint assessment was performed to investigate the potential for wind power and hydrogen production in this province. Wind data of four stations in Badakhshan were used for technical assessment... 

This paper proposes a robust investment and operation model to attend the power and heat needs of a microgrid (MG) connected to the distribution system. The optimization algorithm decides on the best investment and operation of combined heat and power (CHP), boilers, PV power generation and battery energy storage systems (BESS). For the BESS, the algorithm estimates the optimal energy storage capacity (MWh) as well as the maximum hourly delivery capacity (MW). The non-linear and non-concave heat rate chart is recast by a mix-integer linear model to have a tractable and precise model. The model considers the uncertain in some parameters using probability density function (pdf) to portrait its... 

This paper presents a day-ahead scheduling approach for a multi-carrier residential energy system (MRES) including distributed energy resources (DERs). The main objective of the proposed scheduling approach is the minimization of the total costs of an MRES consisting of both electricity and gas energy carriers. The proposed model considers both electrical and natural gas distribution networks, DER technologies including renewable energy resources, energy storage systems (ESSs), and combined heat and power. The uncertainties pertinent to the demand and generated power of renewable resources are modeled using the chance-constrained approach. The proposed model is applied on the IEEE 33-bus... 

Solar systems are the most promising technologies to reduce building energy consumption. In recent years, one of the popular solar technologies is building integrated photovoltaic-thermal collectors, because of profitability and no need for separate architectural space. In this study, a new combination of glazed building integrated photovoltaic thermal solar collectors and an absorption cooling system, as a trigeneration system, to provide thermal and electrical energy demands of a case study residential building, is proposed. Dynamic simulation of the proposed system is performed using the TRNSYS-MATLAB co-simulator. Because there is no model for the glazed photovoltaic thermal solar...