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In order to reduce investment and operation costs of the power systems, transmission expansion planning is inevitable. In fact, transmission expansion planning is to determine when, where and how many lines need to be added to power system with a minimum of investment and operating costs. In this thesis, transmission expansion planning has been performed at uncertainty in generation and N-1 criterion condition where uncertainty in generation means uncertainty in the moment of adding power plant to power system. In previous studies, transmission expansion planning was performed with DC-load flow in which, the power loss and voltage profiles were ignored due to the approximation in the... 

One of the challenges which increasing penetration of renewable energy sources with variable generation brings is the need for more flexibility in the power system. A promising way to overcome the challenge is to have local sources of the flexibility in distribution level. To this end, we present a new model for multi-stage distribution system expansion planning which jointly considers expanding the network assets and increasing the flexibility at local level by installing conventional dispatchable distributed generator units and energy storage systems. Demand response is also considered as another source of the flexibility which can be utilized by the system operator. Since deviating from... 

Expansion planning of distribution network assets is of importance to reliably supply the growing demand. Growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) including renewable based distributed generators (DGs), conventional DGs, energy storage systems, and demand response (DR) resources in the network as well as their operational advantages make it necessary to address the investment planning of these resources in addition to the network assets. In order to effectively utilize the DERs and to solve the challenges arisen by their increasing penetration, active distribution networks (ADNs) are introduced which offer active network management capability. Passing through traditional... 

The increasing variability of renewables and volatile chronological net-load in modern smart grids engenders significant operational risks of an uncertain sufficiency of flexible capacity. Assessing the operational flexibility of the grid with high penetration of renewable resources remains an issue of critical importance. Operational flexibility insufficiency may bring about two major problems: 1) there may exist no feasible solution for operation under uncertain conditions due to insufficient available flexibility capacity;2) even if the solution feasibility criterion is ensured, dispatch limitations of the flexible resources may force the system operating point to deviate from the optimal... 

The present work has proposed an integrated methodology for combined gas & electricity distribution network expansion planning, which considers network expansion constraints (substation installation, feeder/pipeline installation, etc), load growth, and conversion technologies. The planning aims to determine the optimal reinforcement of existing energy network to meet the load growth in the planning horizon. To take the advantages of new technologies, CHP, fuel cell, & microturbine have been included in the problem.This paper employs gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to solve multi-objective problem, including minimization of cost, voltage drop, & pressure drop. GSA that introduced in... 

Increasing the fuel cost and concerns about pollutions have facilitated the use of renewable energies. Wind power as a renewable energy has been considered as a good representative for conventional resources of electrical energy. The biggest obstacles for efficient use of the wind energy are changeability and uncontrollability in wind farm generation and to be far from the demand center. Also, conventional approaches cannot be applied to analyze the effects of this energy on power system. With increment in the penetration of the wind energy in power system, the necessity of considering its effects, especially large scale wind farm, in transmission expansion planning (TEP) studies is... 

This study presents a multi-objective optimization framework for transmission expansion planning in restructured electricity markets under uncertainty considerations. Deregulation of power system has introduced new objectives and requirements for transmission expansion planning problem. Also, the unbundling of electricity industry introduced new uncertainties and escalated the existing ones in network planning. Under these circumstances there is an emerging need for new planning models to cope with restructured electricity industry requirements.The conventional least-cost approaches which represent the transmission expansion planning as a single objective optimization problem could not... 

Transmission expansion planning is an important part of power system planning that it task is to determine the optimal structure of transmission network based on load growth and to consider the future plan of system generation for a specified time period. The development of generation plans based on renewable resources, cost and time-consuming transmission expansion plans have caused that transmission planning to become a fundamental challenge. Therefore, in recent year’s decision makers of power systems are following the alternative ways of transmission expansion planning with lower cost and economic appropriate justification. Using of energy storage systems have cause to a delay on... 

Gas transmission networks, as one of the most important energy transport networks, are used to transport gas from production facilities to major gas consumers. These networks possess very complex behavior due to their severely nonlinear equations, their temporal and spatial broadness, the compressibility feature of the fluid that passes through them, and their relationship and interdependency with other energy material generation, transportation, and distribution infrastructures through multi-vector energy systems. Hence, the management and coordination of these networks are challenging. In this regard, the most demanding problem of such networks is their expansion planning due to the... 

Trasmission system is one of the most important parts of the power system which not only creates an interface between generation and distribution section, but also provides a reliable and non-descriminated environment between them. In recent years, restructuring is introduced in many countries of the world. The competition is begun in generation section while, the transmission section was remained monopoly. Private investors don't have enough incentive to invest in this section, because, the presence of uncertainties have made decision making hard for them and increased the investment risk. On the other hand, with increase in consumption and generation, need to invest in this section seems... 

The significant growth of wind generation in power systems, in form of wind farms connected to transmission networks, is changing the present transmission reinforcement planning in the mid-term horizon and transmission expansion planning in the long-term horizon approaches. In this thesis, the optimal wind farms integration to the power system and uncertainty of wind farms output power are considered as two major items in the proposed models and the novel transmission reinforcement and expansion planning models considering optimal wind farms integration are presented. According to these models, the optimal capacity of wind farms and wind farms lines, and the new transmission lines of the... 

With increasing demand levels in recent years, transmission congestion is considered as one of the most important power system constraints. This limitation can result in higher operational costs and load curtailment. Furthermore, in power systems with high penetration of wind power, a significant amount of wind curtailment may occur due to congestion of transmission lines. Thus, in order to guarantee a reliable and economic operation of the power system, new transmission lines should be constructed with a rational plan. Very high investment costs are required for building new transmission lines to meet the growing demand. This fact as well as the other associated difficulties emphasize the... 

Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) is one of the most important parts of the Ex-pansion Planning of power systems. TEP determines the type, location, and time of instal-lation of the new transmission facilities in order to supply the load. In recent years, restruc-turing of the power systems has been introduced in many countries. While competition has been started in the generation section, transmission has been remained monopoly yet. Since uncertainties in power systems affect the process of decision making and increase the risk of investment, private investors are reluctant to investment in the transmission ststem.
There are different techniques for modeling of uncertainties in the... 

Electricity is one of the most important kinds of energy and also one of essential needs of humans for maintaining their life. Due to growth of costumer’s load and In order for delivering high reliable power to the consumers, the structure of the power grid must be expanded and/or demand side management policies like demand response programs must be taken into consideration. One of the most important and less-focused aspects of power grid expansion planning is, distribution system expansion planning. Distribution system expansion planning (DSEP) is an important task of electric distribution companies and operators in order to appropriately supply their customers load with the minimum cost... 

Implementing distribution automation system (DAS) in distribution networks needs a huge investment which usually cannot be funded entirely in a short period of time. So distribution companies (DISCOs) should develop long term plans to equip their network with automation technologies as far as economically justifiable. Similarly, DISCOs have network capacity expansion (NCX) plans which specify the scheme of construction of feeders and substations. Since considering DAS may lead to more efficient NCX plans, the planner should revise the NCX plan through the DAS planning. On the other hand, for DAS planning it is necessary to consider a NCX plan as a platform to determine the time and location... 

In this thesis, a dynamic decision model based on the system dynamics concept is proposed for the generation capacity expansion planning of restructured power systems. In the market viewpoint framework, both the market players' behaviors and the regulatory rules are considered in the model. Short-term generation dispatch and long-term generation capacity expansion are modeled based on the technical and economical relationships in the electricity market. The proposed model contains ten different modules in order to model the energy market, the regulated incentive mechanisms, profitability assessment of investors, investment decision and capacity expansion. The modules are connected using... 

Increasing demand in power systems necessitates the Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) which is to determine the type, size, and location of new generating units in a planning horizon. The final solution of GEP is based on the minimum cost and/or optimum reliability taking into account various constraints such as capacity of units and lines, operating constraints, and budget restrictions. This paper presents a model based on scenarios for generation expansion planning and units retirement decision. The proposed model could be used by vertically integrated utilities as well as the ISOs in electricity markets to obtain generation expansion schemes. In this approach, uncertainty of units are... 

Today, financial exchanges have taken on a new form and cryptocurrencies were able to have a special place in these exchanges. Cryptocurrencies have attracted a lot of attention due to their decentralized nature. One of these cryptocurrencies is called Bitcoin and has the largest share of cryptocurrency exchanges. Due to the high volume of Bitcoin exchanges, a lot of energy is needed to supply this decentralized network to confirm transactions and extract it. In order for people in this industry to continue mining Bitcoin, they need to maintain their profitability. Therefore, choosing low consumption and profitable miners is one of the requirements of this industry. The aim of the thesis is...