Sharif Digital Repository

This research studies intergenerational social mobility in Iran using the data from Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) from 1377 to 1399. In the absence of long-term panel data or intergenerational cross-sectional data in which there are some variables connecting people to their parents, the method used here to measure welfare mobility -as a suitable proxy of social mobility- is the synthetic panel method. To use this method, it is assumed that the samples are similar in the two selected stages and they can be related to each other with fixed characteristics such as age and gender. The output of the method is an intergenerational transition matrix that shows the probability of a... 

In this study, based on Households Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data, we examined the socio-economic characteristics and transition of Iranian urban households in each of the three different income groups from 1997 to 2020. Moreover, factors affecting entry to poverty or persistence in poverty in Iranian urban households are discussed.The results of this study show that, contrary to popular belief, there is no evidence of accumulation of entrepreneurs and business owners in the urban middle class. Rather, middle-income households have higher-skilled jobs and pay more for social security than low-income ones, as well as pay more attention to investing in human capitals (education and... 

The relationship between the environment and human life has long been considered by researchers. Technological growth in the last century, by the intensification of natural resources usage, led to environmental degradation, and thus the importance of recognizing the relationship between human life and the environment has doubled. The present dissertation is organized in three chapters, in each of which we investigate the impacts of a dimension of environmental degradation on human well-being.In the first chapter, we investigate the effect of drought on expenditure and income per capita of Iranian households. To do this, we combine the expenditure and income data of more than 600,000 urban... 

Optical telecommunications, and especially optical fiber-based telecommunications, have been one of the most important leading factors in advancing information technology. This age seems to have an insatiable appetite for information in a way that every two years we see a two-fold increase in the traffic of optical networks.The focus of this thesis is in the area of backbone optical networks. We know that companies operating in this field spend a huge amount of money to set up and maintain optical networks. One aspect of reducing costs in optical networks is the use of grooming to reduce the cost of using network equipment.Different heuristic algorithms for optimization are proposed for this... 

Hyperscale cloud data center (HCDC) (a.k.a., hyperscale data center) is the backbone of a wide variety of Internet services such as web-hosting, ecommerce, social networking, software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), application as a service (AaaS), and cloud computing.HCDC platforms consist of massive parallel processing, high utilization rate, and high volume storage that cost hundreds of million dollars.The increased demand for various Internet services and the subsequent dramatic growth in HCDC platforms, have caused an exponential increase in utilization of energy. With energy costs on the rise and global attention focused on carbon footprints, organizations are... 

The growth of traffic in metro and core networks is not deniable today, in addition to the volume of traffic, their different requirement force operators to dimension IP over optical network for the peak traffics and also cares about requirements of the traffics. this multi-policy enabled network using new extended technology such as Elastic Optical Network and Bandwidth variable transponders is used to design network with minimum cost and resource. There is different quality of service parameter, in this work we focus on end to end latency and survivability. we present ILP formulation for the IP over elastic optical network and introduce these parameters to this formulation, as we know... 

Does the household attribute changes to its economic conditions during the term of the MPs, and chooses to vote with regard to these conditions, including income and employment status, or who decides, regardless of economic characteristics, in this regard Takes? In this study, using micro data of the household income and expenditure survey and building a sample household for each district, we compute economic characteristics for each election district including total income, total cost, employment rate, employment in the government sector, and unemployment rate. . Election data includes the name, vote and status of the candidates for the ninth and tenth Islamic Consultative Assembly... 

The provision of developmental infrastructure by governments and their various effects on the lives of citizens has always been the subject of discussion among researchers and policymakers. In particular, the infrastructure associated with access to modern energies causes changes in household economic behavior. The effects of pipeline gas connection on household behavior is the main subject of this research. By using micro level data, these effects compare the behavior of beneficiary households and lack of natural gas. The data includes households living in the entire geographical zone of Iran and between 1377 and 1394. First, we show that natural gas is a direct substitute for liquid fuels... 

The main question of this research is this: what mechanisms drive the increase of the share of health costs in GDP in Germany? Answering this question not only improves our understanding about health systems in general, but also is specifically useful for the health system of Iran, since it is experiencing similar trends as the health system of Germany does. Since these mechanisms are complex and the ability of human brain to process several interacting variables simultaneously is low, we need a strong methodology and a tool to overcome this limitation. System thinking as a methodology and system dynamics as its tool help us do so. Using system dynamics, we will develop a computer model... 

In this thesis the impact of inflation on urban household saving is investigated. For calculating sensitivity of saving respect to price changing of different groups of commodities, firstly we divided household cost to two separated groups of durable and nondurable and then by defining total income as summation of monetary and nonmonetary income of households, We consider saving as total income minuses nondurable consumption. Finally we estimated the “Extended Linear Expenditure System” model base on the prepared data. Since inflation is result of unequal changes in prices of goods and services, the approach of expenditure system allows us to assess unequal changes in prices for eight...