Sharif Digital Repository

In Economic literature, investigating effective determinants of driving offences is discussed in Economics of Crime. In this field the effect of economic and sometimes non-economic parameters on offences are investigated. Economics of Crime was introduced as a branch of economics after Becker (1968). Since then different studies have been done and many theories have been made to discuss the relation between economic Variables and crimes in the society. In this study we use a cross-province panel data of driving offences to investigate the Effective Determinants of these offences. The most important result is the deterring effect of the penalty. For example in the regression for the seventeen... 

In standard models, the demand function is considered to be independent from the supply function and the intersection of these curves is considered to determine the price and quantity in the market. The alternative model, called “inducement hypothesis”, describes how the supply side can persuade consumers through particular advices, induce demand for the provided services and though shift the demand curve; i.e. demand is not independent from supply. For the case of physicians, this hypothesis is known as “physician induced demand”. In fact, this theory describes the supply-side moral hazard in the production market. This hypothesis may have vast applications which are different from... 

In this research, we answer that whether trade liberalization increase market competition. First, we discuss this problem using inter-temporal comparison. To do this, we set a control variable group and a test variable group. The control variable group includes the industries that did not report trading and non-tradable industry in 1379 and 1386 (non-trading industries) and the test variable group includes industries that have entered the the trade in recent two years and are named trading industries. In this research, we study the effect of Herfindahl Index and markup on industry Openness,controlling for some factors. Using abovementioned influences, the relation between trade... 

In this thesis we are going to forecast the hourly consumption of the electricity over the country with two models and then, combine them. The first model decomposes the consumption to a deterministic trend and a stochastic residual. The second one assumes that the trend part is also stochastic.Once the consumption is being predicted separately by the models, in the second part of the thesis, we will combine the results to get a final prediction. This prediction is going to be compared with the load forecast of the Dispatching Unit of the electricity network as a base model. We are going to answer two important questions: firstly, does combining the models give a better prediction or not,... 

With the implementation of the targeted subsidy plan in Iran and as a result, the allocation of cash subsidy to individuals, the effect of this policy on labor supply behavior can be studied. In most of the researches, the degree of the effects of implementing such policies on the working behaviors is studied.
In this research, after discussing some proposed models of labor supply and the effects of nonwage income on that, we reviewed the history of implementing such policies and their outcomes in different countries. Then, the possible methods of studying this issue in Iran were discussed. Finally, using a part of the household budget data in years 1389 and 1390, a panel data was... 

This thesis aims to the study of quality-quantity trade off in the family through investigating the effects of family size and birth order on their educational attainment. The latter has been chosen as a criteria for measuring the quality; to measure the effects of quantity we have used the twins for the instrumental variable as an endogenous shock in the family size to reduce bias that happens as a result of omitted variables bias and to measure the effect of family size on it’s quality more accurately. We have also used censored regression to eliminate the bias of student children in the sample.In addition to concentrating on the differences between children of different family sizes we... 

The rate of cesarean section delivery in Iran is high and during the past 14 years, leading up to 2014, kept rising. In this regard, decreasing cesarean section rate was targeted through the healthcare reform plan, which was offered by Ministry of Health and Medical Education. This plan kicked off on May4, 2014. One of the most important proceedings of this plan was making natural childbirth to be free in all hospitals, which are under the auspices of the medical universities. According to healthcare utilization models, lower prices of healthcare services, more health centers and more accessibility to them, increase the probability of using health care services. Current study evaluated the... 

In this thesis, consider three important questions in the Iranian Wholesale Electricity Market (IWEM) and answer its. The first one is whether the bidding behavior of the firms in the IWEM has been ex-post optimal? The results of the research show that, on average, the firm’s bidding behavior didn’t optimal in the IWEM, and therefore the bidding strategy of them could be improved. This issue is importance from the regulatory viewpoint in terms of assessing market efficiency and market power of firms, as well as from the firm’s point of view to improve the bidding strategy and increase its profits. The second issue is the assessment of the firm’s ability to exercise unilateral market power by... 

Empirical finding and evidence asserts that families, in response to income shock, allegedly use their children as income sources and have them to participate in the labor market. By making use of Propensity Score Matching and Heckman Two Steps models and exogenous agricultural income shocks, we examine the hypothesis for the families in the rural areas of Iran. We use the Households' Income and Expenditures Survey of Iran for two consequent years of 1393 (2014) and 1394 (2015). The working sample is restricted to households with children aged between 10-17 years old. Our findings show that the outcome of interest, daily work hours, is not significantly affected by the exogenous shocks of... 

In this study we developed an analytical model to delve into the behavior of participants in the market of kidney in Iran. We get health as a good which not only elevates the utility of any individual, it add more years to each individual longevity. We find out that ESRD patients who are in serious need of receiving a new kidney will never postpone buying kidney in case of having the price fixed in all periods.We found out that the waiting time in queue of receiving market is a u-shape function in which there is a minimum. We proved that the price making the queue minimum is definitely bigger than the market clearance market. Accordingly, despite all the unfair and immoral view toward... 

This study investigates and enumerates instances of conflict of interests in some job positions in Iran’s Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education. To achieve this goal, we interviewed people involved in the health field and reviewed job descriptions as well. By adopting the prevalent definition of conflict of interests regarding the duties, authorities, and responsibilities, instances of conflict of interests has been relatively identified in each position. The results show that the main reasons (determinants) for cases of conflict of interests can fall into three categories. First, duties of positions are in such a way that being a shareholder, CEO, and member of the board of... 

The identification of the poor and the elimination of their poverty always has been the subject of discussion among researchers and policymakers. Today, most researchers consider poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, and in addition to income indicator, it has indicators related to the level of knowledge, awareness, well-being and the health of individuals. The study of multidimensional poverty and the search for the discovery of its static and dynamic relationship with income-based poverty is the subject of this research. The analysis shows that both statically and dynamically, there is a substantial mismatch in the identification of the poor households according to these two... 

In this study, we estimate the effect of overeducation on the gender pay gap in the private and public sectors, using Household Expenditure and Income Data of 1396. For this purpose, the realized matching method is used to calculate the overeducation and the Oaxaca and Blinder decomposition model to calculate wage gap. The results show that being female in both the private and public sectors has a negative effect on wages, but this effect is much stronger in the private sector. We also find that the gender wage gap among overeducated is lower than propereducated. The gender pay gap and its unexplained componentin among overeducated worker in both sectors is less than propereducated worker.... 

Inequality and the feeling of injustice governing in the work environment place is one of the important and influential factors on employees'affecting productivity. If Should the employees believe that they are getting lower wages despite having the same productivity as their colleagues, they receive less wage than those co-workers, they might find the firm's behavior unfair and thus, they would loweradjust their performance accordingly. This problem is of great importance, hence the numerous related studies in the literature. This study investigates the effect of inequal unequal payment and promotion on the productivity of the employees by designing and implementing a natural work... 

This research is devoted to clarify the determinants of the revealed behavior of Iranian urban households toward risk attitude in the life insurance market. Based on the cross section data of Iranian household income and expenditure statistics (HIES), the life insurance data of Iran Insurance company, and the fertility rate reported by National Organization for civil registration, the Arrow-Pratt Index for relative risk aversion is estimated. According to the literature, the income, asset and job status are considered as economic variables, while the sex of family head, the number of children, the age of family head and the marriage status are regarded as demographic and social variables.... 

In the past few decades a range of human capital theories were developed by economists. In all these, education and training are considered as a prominent aspect of the human capital. Among all influential factors on the education, the role of the family in the allocation of educational expenditure is one of the most important factors. In this research, we investigate whether in gendr discrimination among sibiling is observed in Iranian households. Based on household budget data, we estimate the Engel curve in order to investigate the gender discrimination in the allocation of educational expenditure. Families divided into 6 clusters based on the composition of their children and the tests... 

The spatial diffusion of house prices has been the subject of research for many years. Most of these studies have found a strong relationship between neighboring regions and a weaker relation between nonneighbors. This study uses changes in real house prices within Tehran at the level of municipality zones to illustrate the ripple effect by using quarterly house price data of Tehran’s twenty municipality zones since 1371 to 1391. It also aims to illustrate the heterogeneity in spatial spillovers of house prices development across space and time. We found that a positive shock in house prices diffuse more rapidly that a negative shock; the time shock will diffuse also have a heavier level... 

In this study, we intend to examine the effect of physicians’ leisure and parents’ preferences on the choice of the date of C-section. According to the literature, the comfort and convenience of the physician is one of the main factors contributing to the fact that less C-sections are scheduled on weekends compared to other days. On the other hand, avoidance of C-section on the 13th of the month as well as increase of C-section on certain special dates has been observed in different counties. In this study, we use national birth data in Iran from 2013 through 2017. During this period, cesarean rate was about 50% nationwide. According to the results, C-section is reduced by 72%, 42% and 12%... 

The relationship between the environment and human life has long been considered by researchers. Technological growth in the last century, by the intensification of natural resources usage, led to environmental degradation, and thus the importance of recognizing the relationship between human life and the environment has doubled. The present dissertation is organized in three chapters, in each of which we investigate the impacts of a dimension of environmental degradation on human well-being.In the first chapter, we investigate the effect of drought on expenditure and income per capita of Iranian households. To do this, we combine the expenditure and income data of more than 600,000 urban... 

Auction literature and economic theories advocate common valuation among bidders in mineral rights auctions. In this study, we have tried to examine the assumption of common valuation between bidders in a first price sealed bid auction. It examines the common valuation hypothesis by assuming the information symmetry and the exogenous entry of bidders. The findings of this study suggest that bidders’ valuation in a first price sealed bid auction of natural resources may be private or common value. We use the non-parametric estimation model to find that after the federal government imposed Area-wide Leasing in the Gulf of Mexico, bidders’ valuations changed from private valuation to common...