Sharif Digital Repository

Because of seismic flexibility, aesthetics, economic advantage and rapid construction of reinforced soil walls, application of these walls has raised tremendously since 1970’s. The early reinforced soil retaining walls used metallic srips to reinforce the soil with precast concrete panels as facing, however, since 1990’s using of geosynthetics to reinforce these walls with modular concrete block facing have replaced the old fashion. In this study, a finite difference code was developed in FLAC software. After verification of the numerical modeling procedure, a wall with 3.6m height reinforced by geosynthetics was simulated. In the course of numerical simulations the stage of counstruction,... 

Cancer invasion of tissue is a key aspect of the growth and spread of cancer and is crucial in the process of metastatic spread i.e. the growth of secondary cancers. Invasion consists in cancer cells secreting various matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs) which destroy the surronding tissue or extracellular matrix (ECM). Through a combination of proliferation and migration, the cancer cells then actively spread locally into the surrounding tissue. Thus processes occuring at the level of individual cells eventually give rise to processes occuring at the tissue level. In this thesis we introduce a new type of multiscale model describing the process of cancer invasion of tissue.Our multiscale model... 

Simulation and controlling nonlinear process is one of the challenging problems in academic and industrial research. Saving data for keeping history of process or arising number of calculation for optimization in control design, is forcing to decrease number of equation or order of system. One of the methods to decrease the order of distillation process is using the travelling wave theory. This solution shows god accuracy for simulation the behavior of distillation column. On the other hand finite difference method as a solver for distillation equation takes some time to converge to steady state condition and the numbers of calculation in this method are high. Finite difference method is... 

It is the goal of this thesis to develop an analytical model for the hydro-mechanical deep drawing (HDD) process of an axisymmetric sheet metal with the fixed gap method to evaluate the effects of some assumptions such as: proportional loading, plane stress, and constant thickness conditions. The effect of parameters on the HDD process is also studied. The main model is developed with considering the normal stress and part thickness change, non-proportional loading, bending and unbending effects at the top of the cup wall. The interrelationships between geometrical and mechanical variables are obtained in the finite difference form based on the incremental strain theory, thereby being solved... 

This study aims to numerical modeling of piezocone penetration test (CPTu) in saturated clayey soils under undrained conditions using FLAC-2D software. According to the available studies, measuring excess pore water pressure during the piezocone penetration test can play an important role in determining the characteristics and engineering parameters of clayey soils. In many geotechnical problems, the initial state of existing stresses in the ground and are an important parameter that must be known for designs and analysis. The relationship between vertical and horizontal effective stress under zero lateral deformation is usually expressed by the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at... 

In this research, a simple yet efficient two-dimensional model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is developed using stream function-vorticity formulation. The model accounts for the fluid flow and masstransport processes in cathode gas channel and gas diffuser layer. The governing equations are decoupled and solved usingtwo efficient approaches, Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) and False Transient Method (FTM) in a modified geometry to simulate the fully-developed condition consistently. An in-house code was developed to perform a parametric study of fuel cell performance. The results show the variations of important parameters along the cathode channel such as velocity... 

This thesis is about modeling of liquid-vapor two phase flows through nozzle. Liquid-vapor two phase flow is very applicable in industries such as boilers, expansion valves, refrigeration and sudden failures in pipelines. Two models are used for modeling of fluid flow through nozzle, transient and steady state. In Both model the solution field is considered as saturated liquid and vapor and the mass, momentum and energy equations as well as equation of state is used for describing of fluid flow properties. Homogeneous equilibrium model is used and for complete modeling of fluid flow heat transfer and friction force is also considered.
Numerical solutions are used for solving of the... 

The main goal of this project is analysis, design and implementation of scanning near field optical system for detection of biological species. The activities fall in two main category. Theoretical and experimental. In theoretical part, after studying different models describing near field interaction, we have developed software for computationally analysis of nonlinear interaction of light with nanostructures, considering third order nonlinear susceptibility and dispersion behavior of permittivity for metallic nanostructures. The software implements three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for analysis of interaction of electromagnetic wave with matter. In developed... 

The increasing need for more efficient and environmentally friendly microturbines necessitates the utilization of compact recuperators resulting in lower fuel consumption and emissions. The goal of this research is to determine the performance behavior of a primary surface recuperator to be incorporated in a 100 kW microturbine. Primary surface recuperator, known for relatively favorable characteristics in heat transfer, low weight, and high efficiency is considered as a candidate in aviation engines. In this research, a computational model for heat transfer and pressure losses is used for the design optimization of annular involute-profile cross wavy primary surface recuperators in... 

One of the common and efficient methods in the construction of large-scale structures from composites is the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) method, which is widely used in the automotive industry, wind turbine blades, warships and pleasure boats, etc. VARTM is one of the liquid molding methods in which one side of the closed mold is replaced with a vacuum bag and the resin flows into the mold only with the help of air pressure (pressure of one atmosphere). One of the main challenges in the vacuum resin molding process is to be aware of the physics governing the flow motion in the porous mold so that the dry spots formed in the mold can be located accordingly. On the other... 

In the present study, the numerical simulation of the panel flutter in compressible inviscid flow is performed by the compact finite difference method. For this purpose, the 2D compressible Euler equations written in the arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian form are considered and the resulting system of equations in the generalized curvilinear coordinates is solved by the fourth-order compact finite-difference method. An appropriate nonlinear filter is applied for the shock capturing and for the solution to be stable. The governing equation for the panel is also numerically solved by using the fourth-order compact finite difference method. The time integration in the flow domain is made by the... 

In the study, the simulation of two-dimensional cavitating flows is performed by applying a high-order accurate numerical method to the preconditioned, homogenous, multiphase Navier-Stokes equations. The baseline differential equations system is comprised of the mixture volume, mixture momentum and constituent volume fraction equations. A coordinate transformation is applied and the resulting system of governing equations in curvilinear coordinates is discretized using a fourth-order compact finite-difference scheme. The high-order accurate numerical scheme employing the suitable linear and nonlinear filters to account for density jumps across the cavity interface is shown to yield an... 

In the present study, the numerical simulation of 2D inviscid compressible cavitation flow is performed by using the compact finite-difference method. The problem formulation is based on the multiphase compressible Euler equations with the assumption of the homogeneous equilibrium model and the system of baseline differential equations is comprised of the continuity, momentum and energy equations for the vapor-liquid mixture. To complete the system of governing equations, the ideal gas relation is used for the vapor phase and the Tait relation is applied for the liquid phase, and therefore, the compressibility effects are considered for both the vapor and liquid phases. To analyze the flow... 

The numerical solution of the parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) equations for accurate computation of hypersonic axisymmetric flowfield with real gas effects is obtained by using the fourth-order compact finite-difference method. The PNS equations in the general curvilinear coordinates are solved by using the implicit finite-difference algorithm of Beam and Warming type with a high-order compact accuracy. A shock fitting procedure is utilized in the compact PNS scheme to obtain accurate solutions in the vicinity of the shock. To stabilize the numerical solution, numerical dissipation term and filters are used. The main advantage of the present formulation is that the basic flow variables... 

In this study, the Shokov-BGK model of the Boltzmann equation is reformulated and generalized to consider the real gas effects. At first, the formulation is performed to consider an arbitrary specific heats ratio and the correct Prandtl number for polyatomic gases. Here, the resulting equations of the present formulation are numerically solved by applying the high-order finite-difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme. The present solution method is tested by computing the one-dimension Reiman problem with different specific heats ratios for a wide range of the Knudsen numbers. The results are compared with the available gas-kinetic results which show good agreement. It... 

In this study, the viscous compressible flow is simulated over two-dimensional geometries by using the immersed boundary method and applying a high-order accurate numerical scheme. A fourth-order compact finite-difference scheme is used to accurately discretize the spatial derivative terms of the governing equations and the time integration is performed by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme. To regularize the numerical solution and eliminate spurious modes due to unresolved scales, nonlinearities and inaccuracies in implementing boundary conditions, high-order low-pass compact filters are applied. A uniform Cartesian grid that is not coincident with the body surface is used and the boundary... 

Two-dimensional incompressible flow analysis is one the most important applied issues in engineering and applied science field. Numerical solution of governing equations of flow requires exact computational grid generation.In complex geometries, generation of the grid which is coincident to the body is very difficult and time consuming. Immersed boundary method is an appropriate superseded method of body conformal grid generation in flow field numerical solution. In this method a grid which is not coincidentto bodyis generated and flow field properties are modified on points adjacent to the boundary of the object (Ghost Cell Method) to satisfy boundary conditions.
The purpose of this... 

Innovations in laser, microwaves, and similar technologies have significantly advanced thermal treatments for diseases or even injuries concerning skin tissue. For a thorough understanding in the underlying mechanisms of bioheat transfer behavior of skin,a1D unsteady non-dimensional hyperbolic model of heat transfer through this tissue with metabolic heat generation which is subject to specific boundary conditions, is solved numerically using the finite difference method. A thermal shock is generated at the base of the tissue, which moves forward with a finite speed. A Numerical solution for a simple one-layer skin tissue is obtained. Then, the effects of various parameters, time step,... 

A prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), which is a graphite moderated, helium-cooled reactor, is a promising candidate for next generation nuclear power plant in that it enables applications, such as hydrogen production or process heat for petrochemical by supplying heat with core outlet temperatures as high as 1000°C. A Thermal Hydraulic Analysis Code (THAC) for gas-cooled reactors has been developed. THAC implicitly solves heat transfer equation of fuel, graphite block and helium. Three types of fuel pins were considered; solid fuel pin, fuel pins with inside holes and annular fuels with coolant flow from its inside and outside surfaces. THAC predicts axial and radial... 

In this study, fluid-solid interaction (FSI) is simulated computationally by using a high-order accurate numerical method. The two-dimensional incompressible viscous flows are considered in the fluid domain. The primary problem with solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is the difficulty of coupling changes in the velocity field with changes in the pressure field while satisfying the continuity equation. Herein, the artificial compressibility method is used to overcome this difficulty. Preconditioning is implemented to reduce the stiffness of the system of equations to increase the convergence rate of the solution. Using preconditioning, physical solutions even at low...