Sharif Digital Repository

Red grape skin has a lot of antioxidant that called Anthocyanins. In this research this material has been studied and amount of extraction of them have been studied by changing the operational parameter and particle size in taguchi procedure. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used to extract Anthocyanins from Dried Red Grape Skin (DRGS) with acidified Ethanol solvent (1 %( v/v) of HCl) in 90-120°C, 10-40 bar, and 30 min extraction time. In this study, effect of particle size distribution of DRGS was considered and the results showed that with increasing the temperature (from 90 to 120 °C in 10 °C increments) and decreasing the pressure and particle size the extraction of Anthocyanins... 

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian method for simulation of fluid flow. Movable particles are used to interpolate fluid properties instead of fixed Eulerian grids in this method. By essence, the aforesaid particles are movable points which carry the fluid properties such as temperature, enthalpy, density, etc. these variables can also be the stress, strain or the rheological properties of the fluid. Thus, this method needs no grids and the fluid properties are calculated using an interpolation mechanism which classifies this method as meshless. A computational code is designed using SPH for the simulation of multiphase flows. Usage of the Lagrangian formulation has made it... 

Milk is One of the most important source s of protein in the world. during the process of cheese the most of these protein remain in whey. There are different methods to separate these protein from whey. The one of advanced method is ultrafiltartion, this method is based on a permeable membranes, with different pore size. There are many research works in this field. In this project we have tried to study the effect ofpressure, temperature, concentration and resistance time on membrane porosity. In order to design the experiment and analyze the results tagochi L 16 methods is used. The PVC membranes were prepaid by gas anti solvent method, experiment showed that changes of temperature and... 

Selective withdrawal is withdrawing water with desired quality from a reservoir and has many applications in water quality management of reservoirs. Topographic effects such as a sill alter the withdrawal layer properties. In this study, the effect of a sill on selective withdrawal of a two-layer fluid through a line sink at the bottom of a rectangular reservoir is studied using two-layer hydraulics theory, numerical model and laboratory experiments. Experiments were done for studying surge, and the results are compared with two-layer hydraulics theory and numerical model. After reservoir gate is opened, some disturbances upstream of sill lead to creation of a surge. The results show this is... 

Ceramic coatings on metallic substrates are used in many different applications. In biomaterials science, hydroxyapatite coating due to its similarity to the mineral part of bone structure is used to modification of implants surface. In this research, the HA/TiO2 double layer was coated on Ti-6Al-4V by sol- gel dip-coating method. After preparation of stable TiO2 sol, the Ti-6Al-4V substrate was dipped into the TiO2 sol. The speed of dipping was 10cm/min. After drying at 80°C, the TiO2 layer heat-treated at different temperature (350-500°C) for 1h. The HA outer layer was coated by dipping of Ti-6Al-4V substrate with TiO2 layer into HA sol, followed by heat-treatment at different temperatures... 

Real modeling of ceramic foam filters, because of their specific tortuosities is not possible and in case of possibility of real modeling of pores in filters, because of restriction of element’s dimensions, the number of elements increases and model can’t be run in a reasonable time with common computers which are accessible nowadays. The common computer simulation of filters in Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) and their effect on fluid flow pattern is done by use of permeability properties of porous media. In this research, ceramic foam filters which are used in casting are simulated by Forchhimer and Darcy models. SUT CAST software is used for simulation, because of its ability for... 

The inverse Finite Element method (IFEM) has been used for estimation of the initial length of tube, axial feeding and fluid pressure in tube hydroforming. The already developed IFEM algorithm, which has been used in this work, is based on the total deformation theory of plasticity. Although the nature of tube hydroforming is three-dimensional deformation, a technique has been used to perform the computations in two-dimensional space. Therefore, compared with conventional forward finite element methods, the present computations are quite fast with no try and error process. The solution provides all the components of strain. Using the forming limit diagram (FLD), the components of strain can... 

Bone scaffolds are combinations of several materials, for achieving suitable properties and usage for replacing with defected bone. In this study, TCP/Agarose scaffolds are fabricated by two different approaches. The first one is using polymer sponge and gel casting technique and the other one is using foaming agent in order to obtain scaffolds with same porosity. The results show that in spite of same structure and porosity, scaffolds have different mechanical properties due to their different morphologies. Compressive strength of the scaffolds which were fabricated using polymer sponge method is 2.25MPa and elastic modulus is 56.8MPa. After coating with Agarose, compressive strength... 

A considerable number of engineering applications deal with flow of fluid(s) through particulate porous media. For certain engineering problems, fluid flow may displace and even dislodge the solid particles from the mass where a fluid-particle flow occurs. The complexity of involving processes which should be studied at the scale of moving particles transforms the analyses of these problems towards a difficult engineering task. Characteristics of solid grains such as size and shape and properties of the flowing fluid(s) such as viscosity and surface tension play essential roles in the behavior of fluid-particle systems. Also, when fluid flows through porous media, secondary processes such as... 

Magnesium and its alloys have been used as biodegradable implements in recent years. However Magnesium implements may corrode in the body before the natural healing process of the damaged tissue. MAO process was studied in order to reduce primary corrosion of Magnesium alloy in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). MAO coating was created on AZ31 alloy in a nontoxic alkaline-silicate solution at DC current densities of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mA/cm2 for 30 minutes and the current was in form of 20-10-5 mA/cm2 steps that each were applied for 10 minutes. The maximum corrosion resistance was observed for the mentioned step applied current in a 30g/l Sodium Silicate solution. Furthermore the effects of adding... 

This dissertation is a survey on linear and nonlinear dynamics of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) conveying fluid with different boundary conditions. A detailed review on Some of the most important studies on free vibration and instability of CNTs conveying fluid is done. By employing the nonlocal continuum field theory of Eringen and Von Karman nonlinear strains, an analytical model are developed. In linear analysis the natural frequencies and critical flow velocities are discussed. In nonlinear analysis effect of nonlocal parameter on Nonlinear dynamics of cantilevered SWNTs conveying fluid investigated by bifurcation diagram, phase plane and Poincare map. The numerical results... 

Many petroleum engineering operations, such as drilling, well completions, and workover, may cause an alteration in the properties of hydrocarbon-bearing formations, including porosity and permeability. Solid and fluid influx into the reservoir in an overbalanced pressure condition can cause permeability reduction from formation damage in the invaded zone. While the solid invasion is limited to a few inches away from the wellbore, the fluids will invade significantly deeper into the formation. Therefore, the invasion of fluids may be considered as the primary mechanism that causes the near-wellbore damage. Correct quantification of the damage is an important component for predicting well... 

Hydrodynamic mesoscopic equations are solved using boundary integral method to investigate the coarsening dynamics of two dimensional nanodroplets. The dynamics is probed by locating two drops on homogeneous, chemical heterogeneous and physical heterogeneous substrates respectively. For homogeneous substrate, the effect of different parameters like droplets distance, slip boundary condition, surface contact angle and disjoining pressure type on the dynamics is studied. Results reveal that increasing the contact angles to values larger than a critical value may qualitatively change the coarsening process and the profile of the disjoining pressure can appreciably modify the coarsening rate.... 

In this study, the numerical simulation of cavitating flows for cryogens fluids is performed. The algorithm employs the homogenous, multiphase Euler/Navier-Stokes equations with the interface capturing method. The thermodynamic and thermal effects substantially impact the cavitation dynamics of cryogenic fluids and therefore these effects should be considered by solving the energy equation in conjunction with the mass and momentum conservation, and updating the fluid physical properties. Here, two cavitation modeling strategies, namely, the barotropic cavitation model and the transport equation-based model are used. Both laminar and turbulent cavitating flows are studied in this work. For... 

Mesoscopic hydrodynamic equations are solved employing a VOF based method to investigate the equilibrium shape of nanodroplets positioned over various topographic geometries of the supporting substrate for three-dimensional systems. By taking into account liquid-liquid and liquid-solid interactions a complex distribution for inter-molecular forces over the substrates (the disjoining pressure) is observed. In this research we show that motion of nanodroplets not only caused by contact angle difference in drplets two sides, but also depend on disjoining pressure parameters.Geometries with increasing complexities, from wedges to three dimensional edges and wedges, were explored with the main... 

We have tried this for the first time to reperesent a comprehensive description of the evolution of a perfect fluid in inhomogeneous relativistic models.We solve Einstein equations using numerical methods.In this procedure we can evaluate the effect of pressure in perfect fluid evolution.Also we look at the behavior of the various horizons, and in the end we will present a cosmological model to a black hole  

Developing of electric instruments with high performance needs high capacity heat transfer equipments. Pulsating heat pipes have better performance compared with normal heat pipes and can be used for cooling electronic instruments in near future. Also, one specific kind of heat pipes, which is called rotating pulsating heat pipe, can be used in cooling the turbine blades and every rotating device. Rotating pulsating heat pipe is a cooling device in which the pipes can rotate around the axis perpendicular to the plane of pipes. In this research one rotating heat pipe was built and the effects of heat input, filling ratio, working fluid and rotational acceleration were examined experimentally,... 

Dissemination of an analyte under the laminar flows plays a major role in measuring and assessment of biological fluids such as sample preparation in the context of microfluidic systems. Due to the development of manufacturing technology in the Lab-on-a-chip devices, the production of rectangular microchannels with finite aspect ratios and micron and submicron sizes has been provided by which the effect of electrokinetic phenomena on concentration distribution will be magnified in these systems. On the other hand, these biofluids are viscoelastic and show extraordinary flow behaviors, not existing in Newtonian fluids and adopting appropriate constitutive equations these exotic flow behaviors... 

Torsional vibrations of internal combustion engines and reciprocating compressors, is one of the challenges in the design process. It can reduce power of productivity, equipment operating lifetime and increase noise of the system. Torsional viscous damper is a method to reduce torsional vibrations in rotating equipment. In this study, three-dimensional simulations of torsional viscous damper is performed as a matter of FSI, with consider harmonic excitation on the external walls and calculation of damping response inertia ring in CFX software. The viscoelastic non-Newtonian model properties of damping fluid is calculated in MATLAB software with respect to viscoelastic parameters. For... 

The planet earth has a variety of periodic motions in space, with periods varying from a day to thousands of years. The essence of studying the rotational motion of our planet is closely related to various phenomena such as, the long term variation of the earth’s climate, volcanic activities, ice ages, earth’s past dynamics, etc. furthermore, understanding the precise motion of the earth is an essential part of our astronomical observations. One of the many kinds of rotational motions, which has attracted many attentions is called Chandler wobble. Any irregularly shaped solid body rotating about some axis that is not aligned with its figure axis will wobble as it rotates. Although it has...