Sharif Digital Repository

The issue under discussion in this paper is to optimize the fuel consumption of the Toyota Prius hybrid car. In order to solve this problem, the ADVISOR design model used by NREL in the Matlab / Simulink environment has been used. Various parts of this model are described. The optimization performed on this issue is based on the emotional controller. This controller works by simulating learning in animals based on encouraging and punishing them. With the introduction of the controller, the model and its inclusion in the fuel consumption control and its implementation have achieved good results. In the initial state and the controller in the model, the fuel consumption was 4.9 liters per 100... 

In the late 1980s, the International Maritime Organization started working on reducing air pollution by ships, and the result was the approval of Annex 6 of MARPOL and its mandatory implementation since 2005. Since then, due to the increasing importance of pollutant emissions in the maritime transport industry and the stricter regulations of the International Maritime Organization and the high cost of fuel for ships, ship owners are looking for ways to reduce fuel consumption. For this purpose, various activities related to reducing the fuel consumption of ships were carried out. Among these, the use of energy saving devices can be a solution. Recently, the hull vane, as a fixed underwater... 

Nowadays, the attempts to reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric pollutants, and economic savings, besides alignment with new rules, have been become the top priorities in the marines industry. In order to satisfy these goals, many efforts have been undertaken, including the vessel's trim and draft optimization which has done both experimentally and numerically and also thrust system simulation, to set a logical link between the effects of trim and draft of the ship and the calculated value of the required thrust from simulation to be able to optimize the fuel consumption. In this method, the ship is considered at the specific draft and the trim in bow and stern... 

UAV routing algorithms, correct modeling of battery life is very important, which can be done by dynamically integrating the UAV with routing. A drone must visit a set of targets, although after reaching a predetermined distance from the target, the drone must adjust its flight mode for loading (delivery) and after delivery must complete the escape maneuver. And prepare for the next delivery. Routing and optimization factors should be combined to ensure the safety of the vehicle and the feasibility (route feasibility). Research and studies that have been done in this field, have solved the problems by considering the exact time and also less attention to the energy limitations of these... 

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of past tariff evolutions in shaping firms' response to current input prices. Additionally, it investigates how asymmetric fuel pricing across different industries influences overall industry efficiency and prosperity. Furthermore, the study examines the impact of fuel subsidies on the equilibrium distribution of companies independent of welfare decline. In Chapter 1, utilizing microdata from Iranian industrial workshops between 1386-1396 (2007-2017) A key finding is that new firms exhibit a significant and stronger reaction to energy price variations compared to other firms when it comes to technology choices.Chapter 2 presents a structural... 

Recently lots of studies have been done on driving cycles and parameters affecting pollutants emission and fuel consumption. Due to changes of driving behavior and traffic situations, it’s necessary to update driving cycle of a city to obtain more accurate simulation and analysis results. In this project, first of all driving cycle of Tehran city is developed using three different methods. These methods include choosing representative microtrips from specified traffic situations, clustering and choosing representative microtrips from all available data. Results show that using clustering method is more accuarate and parameters of the cycle developed using this method is closer to measured... 

The aim of this work is to design, build and test a laboratory scale flameless combustion chamber. Also, a theoretical model is developed to simulate flameless combustion with a simple model. Flameless combustion is a combustion type with transparent flame which consumes less fuel than typical premix and diffusion flames and emits very low level of NOx. In flameless combustion, recirculation ratio is higher than typical diffusion flames so the flow field is highly turbulent. High recirculation ratio causes low oxygen concentration in combustion zone; thus requiring inlet air to be preheated for flame stabilization at low equivalence ratio and oxygen concentration. We have designed a... 

In various industries, for energy production, fossil fuels are burned. Oxygen needed for combustion, taken directly from the ambient air; So that the inert gas is about 80%. The presence of this inert gas, mainly nitrogen, reduce combustion efficiency and increase the use of combustible material. In this project with the help of membrane technology, was used to remove the amount of nitrogen in the air so that the incoming air into the combustion chamber is enriched with oxygen. For this purpose, several gas separation membrane was applied and evaluated. Then, according to the oxygen enrichment, fuel efficiency and the amount of savings, increasing chamber temperature, reduction manufacturing... 

Reducing air pollutant emissions from vehicles is a difficult and time consuming procedure which needs utilizing of modern emission control equipment and setting strict regulations for car factories and drivers as well. How efficient these policies are and proposing operative solutions for air quality improvement depend on developing a sustainable model which is used in vehicle emission predictions and their share in total emissions. Emission factors are not constant values as they can be affected by various operational and ambient parameters. Development of Emission inventories calls for a huge number of measurements using different vehicles in diverse conditions. Thus, recognition of... 

Reducing fossil fuels and increasing urban air pollution, has made the automotive industry to reduce the fuel consumption of their engines by various approaches. Removing the compressor of air conditioning system by replacing the absorption chiller instead of inverse rankin cycle is a shortcut to reduce the fuel consumption which at the same time reduces costs of using air conditioning system for occupants. Design of a 3 kW lithium bromide-water absorbent chiller has verified based on environmental conditions and car space limitations and using the combustion products as the heat source of system. K4M engine of L90 sedan Car as an internal combustion engine sample’s exhaust manifold has been... 

Marine transportation is an essential aspect of global trade, as it is responsible for transporting large quantities of goods and commodities between different countries and continents. The efficient optimization of shipping routes can greatly reduce operational costs, save time, and increase the overall competitiveness of the maritime industry. One of the most critical aspects of route optimization is the selection of the most efficient path, taking into account various constraints such as fuel consumption, voyage duration, vessel speed, and port constraints. The PSO algorithm has been successfully applied to a variety of optimization problems, including the optimization of marine routes.... 

Using Aspen Hysys to simulate burners and furnaces has been the focus of several studies in recent years. According to the studies and investigations carried out in the field of optimal design of the furnace, heating the air is one of the possible tasks to improve the performance and increase the efficiency. According to the obtained results, by adding air preheat, the efficiency increases from 92% to 96%. Also, to validate the simulation, two furnaces from Sepahan Oil Refinery furnaces were simulated in the field of oil production, which were simulated with an error of less than 1% in duty calculation, and according to the general results obtained, adding air preheat can increase the... 

This thesis contributes to development of a microscopic simulation of arterial traffic flow to estimate the impact of behaviour and culture of Iranian drivers on fuel consumption. To accomplish this task it is necessary to use a simulation software. But as existing simulation softwares include assumptions which are not applicable to traffic culture and architecture in Iran, a new software was developed. This software is based on non-lane disciplined driving parameters. The output is an estimation of average consumed fuel by a vehicle in general or a specified service condition. This estimation is an important parameter in decision making and planning for the future traffic and environmental... 

Changes in the internal structure of engines for reducing fuel consumption has almost stopped. While changes in powertrain is a better way to reduce vehicle fuel consumption. Recently, infinitely variable transmissions or IVTs have attracted large attention of car manufacturers . In these systems, due to the continuous transmission ratio, engine speed is kept in a range which is the optimum fuel consumption speed range. Designing of these systems for each vehicle must be done according to the requirements of the vehicle and engine abilities. So, an exact model of engine fuel consumption for the design of these systems is required. One way of improving the accuracy of conventional models, is... 

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of speed and direction of current on ship fuel consumption. A KCS benchmark model has been numerically studied in calm water and fourteen current and wind conditions with the same speed and different directions to determine how the ship performance is dependent on flow conditions. The model has been simulated in an artificial basin propelled by a single right-handed propeller via a CFD commercial code. Numerical results revealed a linear relationship between the deviation of current and wind from head-sea or following-sea conditions and the rudder angle. The head-sea and following-sea currents and winds increased and decreased the lateral... 

In recent decades, emission from automobiles is considered one of the main reasons for global warming. One of the ways to decrease the fuel consumption of the vehicle, increase the power train efficiency and vehicle acceleration is to use Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) and infinitely variable transmission (IVT). Previous inquiries include investigate miscellaneous types of continuously variable transmissions and their efficiency and different ways of combination of CVT and other power trains in order to create an IVT. The aim of this research is to optimize one kind of IVT transmission. At first, different state of combination of IVT portions will be investigated. Then, a model is... 

Hybridization of the vehicles is one of the main solutions for reducing the vehicles’ fuel consumption (FC) and emissions. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are one of the main groups of hybrid vehicles. In this type, an electric motor is employed to help the engine propel the vehicle. Other method which can be implemented to reduce the vehicle’s FC and emissions is to employ continuously variable transmission (CVT) as the vehicle power transmission. By using CVT, the engine will be able to operate in the rotational speed approximately independent of the vehicle speed, which leads to a reduction in the engine’ FC and emissions. One of the main concerns in the HEVs’ design is the layout of its... 

As elevation increase, environmental impacts will change, and this will affect on vehicle performance. The pressure drop and consequently the drop in air density at high altitude affect the volumetric efficiency of the engine. This exacerbates engine combustion, since the engine displacement volume is constant, with the drop in air density, the intake air mass flow rate decreases. In this situation, the engine does not have enough air to burn the fuel, and as a result the engine ignition will getting into the defect. ECU only changes the amount of injecting fuel and has no control on the entering air flow to the engine. In such circumstances, emissions from the vehicle are expected to... 

The transportation sector is the largest oil consumer sector in the world. Iran is no exception to this, and the transportation sector, especially road transport, has a large share of oil and energy consumption in Iran. Diesel supply security in The road transport system has been implemented but it has not been properly managed for gasoline, as the country has been an importer of gasoline for many years and large cities suffering the pollution caused by light duty vehicles. Analyze the transportion of light duty vehicle by the game theory method can detect the barriers to reducing fuel consumption. For this purpose, the main Actors affecting the transport of light duty vehicles - people,... 

With the global population increase, the fossil fuel consumption rate is rising. Issues of energy aspects and environment pollution have received more attention than before. In this regard, internal combustion engines play an essential role. By improving the performance these, it is possible to reduce their specific fuel consumption. Also, with the development of various industries, their required power is increasing, and providing a new engine with higher power and better performance needs high investment. While, providing this requirement by improving the performance of the existing engine costs much less. Considering that internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, are used in...