Sharif Digital Repository

In this paper the creation of multiple energy hubs that make up a complex energy network are modeled and optimized for a selection of six scenarios to examine both their financial viability and potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. As a proposed case study scenario for the model, three energy hubs are considered: a 'residential complex (RC)', a 'commercial shopping plaza (CS)', and a 'school (S)'. The use of combined heat and power systems, solar photovoltaic, solar collectors and network interaction are also examined for their impact on efficiency and cost. The modeling is undertaken and carried out by General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). It is shown that cost can be reduced... 

Biofuels are important alternative fuel in recent years. In this work, the bioethanol supply chain planning is performed by BioEnergy Supply Model to optimally find the best pathways using economic and environmental objective functions in Iran. Then, different sustainability criteria focusing on environmental, economic, and social concerns are assessed for possible routes of the bioethanol production from available resources. Although agriculture residues and wastes, decrease the greenhouse gas emissions but municipal solid wastes are more economic and require less water. The agricultural wastes and residues improve the sustainability. Then, criteria focusing on environmental, economic, and... 

Biofuels are important alternative fuel in recent years. In this work, the bioethanol supply chain planning is performed by BioEnergy Supply Model to optimally find the best pathways using economic and environmental objective functions in Iran. Then, different sustainability criteria focusing on environmental, economic, and social concerns are assessed for possible routes of the bioethanol production from available resources. Although agriculture residues and wastes, decrease the greenhouse gas emissions but municipal solid wastes are more economic and require less water. The agricultural wastes and residues improve the sustainability. Then, criteria focusing on environmental, economic, and... 

Over the past few decades, industrial development has caused a dramatic increment in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as a leading cause of climate change. Modifying the industrial plants' environmental performance is the main pillar of improving efficiency that can reduce the waste of resources and make achieving lower-cost global emission reduction targets of the Kyoto protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM) possible. Considering the essentiality of knowledge-based research in increasing the awareness of policymakers by providing better access to accurate and reliable information, an analytical survey on efficiency in oil, gas, and petrochemical industries has been conducted by... 

In this research, the design of a solar reverse osmosis desalination plant was investigated by integrating various components using TRNSYS and ROSA software. To this goal, a two-stage reverse osmosis system with 50% recovery in the city of Chabahar was modeled. The calculations were performed in three different case studies, i.e., a photovoltaic power plant, a solar collector power plant with Organic Rankine Cycles, and a photovoltaic thermal power plant with Organic Rankine Cycles, with the reverse osmosis desalination plant being a novel investigation. Water production and electrical energy generation of each case study were evaluated both on a daily and yearly bases. The simulation... 

In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the potential of some of the major world’s crops, including wheat, corn, rice, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, potatoes, and oats, to produce biohydrogen. The collectable amount of agricultural residues that could especially be used to produce hydrogen was estimated in Africa, Asia, Central America, Europe, Northern America, Oceania, and South America, and the potential amount of ammonia as the main nitrogen fertilizer was estimated. Double exponential smoothing method was employed to forecast the future crop production and area harvested. It was calculated that about 10.56 (in 2013) and 15.5 (in 2030) Mt of biohydrogen and 59.84 (in... 

In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the potential of some of the major world’s crops, including wheat, corn, rice, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, potatoes, and oats, to produce biohydrogen. The collectable amount of agricultural residues that could especially be used to produce hydrogen was estimated in Africa, Asia, Central America, Europe, Northern America, Oceania, and South America, and the potential amount of ammonia as the main nitrogen fertilizer was estimated. Double exponential smoothing method was employed to forecast the future crop production and area harvested. It was calculated that about 10.56 (in 2013) and 15.5 (in 2030) Mt of biohydrogen and 59.84 (in... 

In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the potential of some of the major world’s crops, including wheat, corn, rice, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, potatoes, and oats, to produce biohydrogen. The collectable amount of agricultural residues that could especially be used to produce hydrogen was estimated in Africa, Asia, Central America, Europe, Northern America, Oceania, and South America, and the potential amount of ammonia as the main nitrogen fertilizer was estimated. Double exponential smoothing method was employed to forecast the future crop production and area harvested. It was calculated that about 10.56 (in 2013) and 15.5 (in 2030) Mt of biohydrogen and 59.84 (in... 

Improving oil recovery and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions are two important attractive features of CO2-enriched water injection into oil reservoirs. Regarding these unique features, the main objective of this study was concentrated to evaluate the swelling behavior of crude oil as a fundamental mechanism of carbonated water (CW) flooding. To achieve these goals, the swelling and Bond number of light and heavy crude oils (namely LCO and HCO, respectively) are measured and compared to each other. The results obtained from the measured swelling factors of crude oil/CW show some complicated behaviors. That is, as temperature increases the swelling factor decreases at low pressure... 

The need for the control of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) has led engineers to modify wastewater aeration tank systems. In this research, air recirculation has been investigated as a possible VOC control strategy for these systems. A steady-state mathematical model of VOC emission rates has been developed from the fundamentals of VOC convection, volatilization and biodegradation. This model has been used to study the effect of aeration recirculation in enhancing the biodegradation of VOCs in the system, using dichloromethane as a typical VOC. A feasibility study considering plants of various sizes is needed to compare the costs and benefits of air recirculation to other VOC control... 

Noise emission from vehicles in urban transportation has become of interest for researchers in addition to the engine exhaust gas emissions due to its significant effect on public health. In this work, an optimal energy management strategy is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) by taking the effect of engine noise into account. The engine noise is calculated based on a pressure-based combustion noise model at different operating points of a 1.5 L gasoline engine. The optimal operating points of the engine are defined using the calculated engine noise from in-cylinder pressure data and experimental data of brake specific fuel consumption (FC). A modification on the electric assist... 

An experimental study of pollutant emissions of a SI gas engine with CNG fuel has been done. In this work the role of various parameters such as air-fuel ratio, the shape of combustion chamber and spark timing on pollutant emissions of the engine have been investigated. The effect of three different combustion chambers with various compression ratios was studied and it was found that combustion chamber shape has a vital effect on exhaust emissions. Copyright © 2005 SAE International  

Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources are believed to be the main cause of global warming and climate change. Furthermore, fossil fuels are forecasted to remain the dominant source of energy in the near future. Therefore, capture and sequestration of greenhouse gases and in particular carbon dioxide is likely to be a major pathway toward environmental protection and energy sustainability. Such clarity has stimulated an intense and diverse range of research into various capture and mitigation technologies, which race with global warming in real-time. Quantification of the performance improvement rates of these technologies can inform decision-makers' long-term investment... 

The multiple uncertainties in a microgrid, such as limited photovoltaic generations, ups and downs in the market price, and controlling different loads, are challenging points in managing campus energy with multiple microgrid systems and are a hot topic of research in the current era. Microgrids deployed at multiple campuses can be successfully operated with an exemplary energy management system (EMS) to address these challenges, offering several solutions to minimize the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, maintenance costs, and peak load demands of the microgrid infrastructure. This literature survey presents a comparative analysis of multiple campus microgrids’ energy management at different... 

In the energy system, various sources are used to fulfill the energy demand of large buildings. The energy management of large-scale buildings is very important. The proposed system comprises solar PVs, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. Demand response (DR) schemes are considered in various studies, but the analysis of the impact of dynamic DR on operational cost has been ignored. So, in this paper, renewable energy resources and storages are integrated considering the demand response strategies such as real-time pricing (RTP), critical peak pricing (CPP), and time of use (ToU). The proposed system is mapped in a linear model and simulated in MATLAB using linear programming... 

Current energy systems face multiple problems related to inflation in energy prices, reduction of fossil fuels, and greenhouse gas emissions which are disturbing the comfort zone of energy consumers and the affordability of power for large commercial customers. These kinds of problems can be alleviated with the help of optimal planning of demand response policies and with distributed generators in the distribution system. The objective of this article is to give a strategic proposition of an energy management system for a campus microgrid (µG) to minimize the operating costs and to increase the self-consuming energy of the green distributed generators (DGs). To this end, a real-time based... 

The researches on environmental and sustainability are an active topic, especially in the waste management. As such, the hazardous waste optimization is an active research topic in developing countries which may be integrated with carbon emissions and green subjects. This grand challenge motivates the current research to contribute a new multi-objective optimization model to address the green hazardous waste location-routing problem. The proposed multi-objective optimization model establishes four objectives simultaneously for the first time. In addition to the total cost and the greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation systems as the two main objectives, another objective function... 

This paper presents a novel stochastic planning framework for the integration of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) into existing power systems without relying on new investments in the transmission networks. The upper-level problem of the proposed model aims at minimizing the total expected social cost of supplying demand that includes the expected cost of getting energy from conventional generating units and DERs, the congestion cost of transmission networks, and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission cost, while each of the privately invested DER satisfies a specified rate of return. The lower-level problem clears the electricity market to find locational marginal prices (LMPs) and... 

Energy hubs that incorporate a variety of energy generation and energy transformation technologies can be used to provide the energy storage needed to enable the efficient operation of a ‘smart energy network’. When these hubs are combined as a network and allowed to exchange energy, they create efficiency advantages in both financial and environmental performance. Further, the interconnectedness of the energy network design provides an added layer of reliability. In this paper, a complex network of energy hubs is modeled and optimized under different scenarios to examine both the financial viability and potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Two case studies consisting of two and...