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Feasibility Study Of A Gas To Liquid Plant
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hooshmand, Mahmoud (Supervisor)
Abstract
The methodology proposed by UNIDO , to investigate feasibility study of industrial project, is a useful tool in pre-investment decision making. In this work feasibility of investing on "Gas To Liquid" GTL Plant of Asalouye is investigated. Having gathered required information, including gas field potential, required technology and machineries, cost of investments , required manpower to run the UNIDO methodology is used to investigate the investment, the result of the work shows that the project is feasible and it would have internal rate of return of 24% ( by sale cost= 81 $ per barrel of GTL product)
The Study of the Photocatalytic Effect of ZSM-5 Zeolite
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghanbari, Bahram (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, different metal oxides were impregnated on the surface of ZSM-5 employed as photocatalysis for degradation of methylene blue dye used in the presence of ultraviolet light. The final products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) method. According to the proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue based on these results, it was found that the reaction followed from the first-order mechanism. The results indicated that rate constant for pure ZSM-5 was 9.3〖 ₓ10〗^(-3) (min-1). Furthermore the impregnated ZSM-5 having 12% zinc oxide demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity with rate constant...
Estimation of the Price Elasticity of Gasoline Smuggling Demand in Iran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rahmati, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
This study investigates the price elasticity of gasoline smuggling demand in Iran. For this purpose, a panel data of monthly gasoline consumption has been used that contains data for 160 regions of distribution for Iran's Oil Production Company between 2005 and 2014. The results of estimating the monthly elasticity of gasoline smuggling demand in each region show a significant impact of the gasoline price differential between Iran and its neighboring countries, as well as the distance of each region with the neighboring countries on the demand. The results of this study show that whenever gasoline prices increase inside the country, the inclination to smuggling has been decreased due to a...
Power Boost Limitations of the Gasoline Turbocharged Engine
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hajilouy Benisi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Mozafari, Ali Asghar (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nowadays internal combustion engines play an important role in the power generation as well as transportation fields all over the world. By using the turbocharger in internal combustion engine, more power is obtained in compare with aspirated engine having the same size, which is limited for gasoline engines. In this research, by a three-zone computer simulation code and experimental tests, the power boost limitations of the gasoline turbocharged engine are investigated. The results of single cylinder aspirated gasoline engine tests are used for validation the natural aspirated part of the code. For validating the turbocharged engine simulation, the results of a four cylinders gasoline...
Designing and Optimization Control Algorithm of Internal Combustion Four-stroke one cylinder Engine Fuel Management System
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khayyat, Ali Akbar (Supervisor) ; Zabihollah, Abolghasem (Supervisor)
Abstract
Most motorcycles in developing countries use carburetor systems as the fuel delivery method especially for models with the cubic capacity of less than 150 cc. However, a small gasoline fuelled engines operating using carburetor system suffer from low operating efficiency, waste of fuel and produce a higher level of hazardous emissions to the environment. A retrofit fuel injection system (FIS) is a system that is developed to entirely replace the conventional carburetor system to improve its fuel economy and exhaust emissions providing a low-cost alternative in an effort to reduce fuel costs and air pollution. In this study, an electronic control unit (ECU) is designed for a fuel injection...
Problem Solving of Gasoline and Electric Vehicles Traffic Assignment with Variable Demand
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Zakaei Aashtiani, Hedayat (Supervisor)
Abstract
During the past decade the ever increasing volume of greenhouse gases due to fossil fuels consumption have made humans to seek for alternative, non-polluting fuels as an effective strategy to reduce pollution and prevent environmental issues thereof. Electric cars are today known as one of the most effective solutions for this purpose. Of course, transition from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars in a wide scale is not technically possible in short term due to technological and infrastructural limitations. As a result, this lengthy process would lead to emergence of a combinational transportation system including both gas and electric-powered vehicles. The major differences between these...
Estimation of Gasoline Demand Elasticity in Iran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rahmati, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Vesal, Mohammad ($item.subfieldsMap.e)
Abstract
The price elasticity of gasoline demand is a key parameter in evaluation of various policy options. However, most of the literature uses aggregate data to identify this elasticity. Temporal and spatial aggregation make elasticity estimates unreliable. We employ a unique dataset of all gasoline transactions in Iran during a four-month period around an unexpected exogenous price change to identify price elasticity. After controlling for date and individual fixed effects we estimate a robust significant price elasticity of -0.127. Aggregation of the same data by week, month, and city yields an estimate of -0.3 indicating a significant bias in earlier studies. We also identify a significant...
Economic Analysis of Energy Supply Security based on Energy Security Indices
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Maleki, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
As a problem, generally, energy security components do not interfere with the calculation of the optimal energy supply situation. In this paper, we are looking to find a solution to make a framework of the impact of energy security on energy supply in order to obtain comprehensive analysis of the economic optimal point. Method is based on the competition of energy costs to meet demand during the study period. Threats that have been addressed in the energy security are seen as risky and stochastic parameters in the model. The nature of these parameters is of uncertainty type, therefore, based on the probable scenarios of the stochastic model, the perspective of the energy supply system is...
Numerical Modeling of Ethanol & Gasoline Direct Injection Spary in an Combustion Chamber
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Saidi, Mohammad Hassan (Supervisor) ; Mozafari, Ali Asghar (Supervisor)
Abstract
First studies in internal combustion engines have focused on increasing engine power and efficiency, reducing engine volume and improving fuel quality. However, nowadays most studies are concentrated on decreasing exhaust emissions and usage of regenerative fuels while maintaining engine size, efficiency and power. Surveying fuel type in direct injection engines, requires investigation of microscopic and macroscopic spray characteristics including spray tip penetration, spray cone angle, spray area and sauter mean diameter, since these parameters determine air-fuel mixture quality. In this study, spray of ethanol as a regenerative fuel that reduces emissions such as NOx and CO is...
(Synthesis of ZSM-5 Zeolite Doped with Cations such as Zn(II) & Fe(II
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghanbari, Bahram (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized ZSM-5 and doped ZSM-5 applying cations such as Zn(II) and Fe(II). Furthermore, we synthesized [Zn,Fe]-ZSM-5 using similar method for the first time. The final products were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. On the other hand, the hierarchical mesoporous Zn-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was prepared by alkali treatment by NaOH and Zn impregnation, and its application in the conversion of methanol to gasoline (MTG) process was studied. The modified zeolite samples after modification were also characterized by FT-IR and XRD methods. Zn impregnated mesoporous catalyst Zn-Alk-Z5 exhibited dramatic improvements in...
Developments of a 3-D CFD Model to Analyze the Gas Exchange Process in the Intake Manifold of an IVVT Engine Open Cycle
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hosseini, Vahid (Supervisor) ; Mozaffari, Ali Asghar (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
A 3-D CFD model was developed to study effects of early/late intake valves opening/closing on flow field characteristics in the Intake Manifold (IM) of a spark-ignited gasoline 1.5 Litre, 4-cylinder engine. The main task of IM is to prepare essential air for combustion process into cylinder which should distribute air to total runners of IM properly. In this modeling, combustion process and valve behaviors and how to pass fluid flows through intake valves are simulated separately and they are added to it.HyperMesh, Fluent, GT-Power, and MATLAB were used to create a mathematical model on the geometries of IM in TIBA engine, one National Engine of Iran, obtained from MEGA motor Company. The...
Mathematical Modeling of Catalyst Deactivation of the Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) Process in a Fixed-bed Reactor
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemeini, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nowadays, with respect to environmental pollution and energy supply, producing gasoline from methanol or syngas is one of the most interesting research subjects. Gasoline production from methanol is a catalytic process that produces high-quality gasoline with minimum unwanted compounds. So this gasoline is a clean fuel and it can be replaced to petroleum gasoline. Because of that, it can be a valuable process in the petrochemical industry. One of the most important aspects of this process is catalyst deactivation with respect to time on stream. Catalyst deactivation is usually caused by poisoning, sintering, blocking pores, and coking. In this research, material and energy balance equations...
Institutional Analysis on Impediments over Fuel Consumption Reduction at Iran's Transportation Niches
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Maleki, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
The transportation sector is the largest oil consumer sector in the world. Iran is no exception to this, and the transportation sector, especially road transport, has a large share of oil and energy consumption in Iran. Diesel supply security in The road transport system has been implemented but it has not been properly managed for gasoline, as the country has been an importer of gasoline for many years and large cities suffering the pollution caused by light duty vehicles. Analyze the transportion of light duty vehicle by the game theory method can detect the barriers to reducing fuel consumption. For this purpose, the main Actors affecting the transport of light duty vehicles - people,...
Investigation of Fuel Physical Properties Change Effects on Performance of Fuel Delivery Systems of Si Engine
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hosseini, Vahid (Supervisor)
Abstract
Ethanol is a promising alternative fuel in terms of addressing future energy and environmental problems, so we can use ethanol as a fuel in passenger cars to eliminate enviremental problems. in this study, the CEV13-038 injector from ACRUS company is modeled. the research purpose is focused on the effect of ethanol , geometrical parameters, and the fuel type on the injected mass quantity and on turning the fuel supply system from a gasoline based system to ethanol based one.
In the first step of this study, The effect of ethanol, fuel temperature, needle lift, nozzle diameter and number of nozzles...
In the first step of this study, The effect of ethanol, fuel temperature, needle lift, nozzle diameter and number of nozzles...
Fuel Injection Parameters Optimisation to Obtain High Fuel Economy and Low Engine Emissions in a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hosseini, Hamid (Supervisor)
Abstract
Energy crisis is one of the crises which human beings face these days. Optimizing the operation of energy consuming machines is one of the most effective methods in decreasing energy consumption. Gasoline direct injection engines as new achievements in automobile and propulsion industry, reduce fuel consumption by increasing the engine efficiency. In these types of engines, a high pressure injector injects fuel directly into the combustion chamber instead of injecting fuel in intake ports. Thus, because of evaporation cooling, the mixture cools down, so the possibility of achieving higher compression ratios in higher engine speeds and loads, without occurrence of knock is provided. Increase...
Numerical Simulation of Spray and Combustion in a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hosseini, Vahid (Supervisor) ; Afshin, Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
Energy crisis is one of the crises which human beings face these days. Optimizing the operation of energy consuming machines is one of the most effective methods in decreasing energy consumption. Gasoline direct injection engines as new achievements in automobile and propulsion industry, reduce fuel consumption by increasing the engine efficiency. In these types of engines, a high pressure injector injects fuel directly into the combustion chamber instead of injecting fuel in intake ports. Thus, because of evaporation cooling, the mixture cools down, so the possibility of achieving higher compression ratios in higher engine speeds and loads, without occurrence of knock is provided. Increase...
Estimating Price Elasticity of Gasoline Demand Using Transaction-Level Data
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Vesal, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Rahmati, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the most widely discussed parameters in energy economics is the price elasticity of gasoline demand due to its substantial implications for taxation, energy efficiency, and environmental policies. This paper aims to estimate the price elasticity of gasoline demand using a novel source of data. The data is from Iran, in the early months of 2014. Vehicles get a quota of 60 liters per month as subsidized gasoline at a lower price. The quota is transferable to the next months if it has not been consumed. All of the information about each pumping transaction is gathered in a centralized database, assigning a unique fuel card to each vehicle. Consequently, the structure of the market provides...
Study of Cationic Impregnation Method on Zeolite Catalyst for Upgrading of Methanol to Gasoline (MTG)Process
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Ghanbari, Bahram (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the present research, the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons was studied over a new series of mesoporous low-silica HZSM-5 (Si/Al=11) catalysts impregnated with cations such as Fe, Zn, Mo and Cr. A systematic study on the effect of stepwise modification of the catalysts for the conversion of methanol to gasoline (MTG) was undertaken in a fixed-bed tubular reactor under ambient pressure at 375 °C, feeding with weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 2 h−1. The catalysts were prepared in the absence and presence of cationic promoted factors, in both alkaline and neutral aqueous solutions. The final catalysts characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, X-ray...
Comparative Study of Gasoline and Ethanol Combustion in a SI Engine Combustion Chamber Using Closed Cycle CFD Simulation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hosseini, Vahid (Supervisor) ; Shafie, Behshad (Supervisor)
Abstract
At today’s crowded world, the importance of automobile transportation is obvious for all. The fossil fuel pollution crisis has increased the need for renewable-fueled engines with higher efficiency and lower emissions. Meanwhile, biofuels have received more attention for reasons such as carbon dioxide cycling, Affordability and availability. However, despite these benefits biofuels require crops such as corn or potatoes to produce, which in turn produce other environmental pollution. On the other hand, concerns have been raised as to whether the use of these fuels increases the amount of other pollutants, except for carbon dioxide, or not. Extensive researches in this field by experimental,...
Evaluating the Impact of Gasoline Price Change on the Passing Car Volume in the Provinces of Iran and Tehran and the Impact of CBD Entry Policy Change on the Passing Car Volume in Tehran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Amini, Zahra (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nowadays, various policies are adopted by transportation managers and planners. These policies aim to improve system performance, reduce user costs, control and reduce air pollution, reduce noise pollution, and ultimately reduce congestion. A set of these policies in the form of transportation demand management is presented in the literature. A common way to find the effect of a policy on user behavior is to use questionnaires. Other causal inference models have been proposed in disciplines such as statistics, political science, marketing science, epidemiology, and psychology. The purpose of these models is to find the causal effect of an intervention (treatment) on a system. These studies...