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Selecting a Surfactant for Wettability Alteration In Iranian Carbonate Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bastani, Daruoosh (Supervisor) ; Badakhshan, Amir (Supervisor)
Abstract
Fractured carbonate reservoirs are mostly oil-wet to intermediate-wet. Due to the negative capillary pressure of the matrix poor spontaneous imbibition of reservoir brine occurs in such reservoirs, and water flooding leads into early break through due to the high conductivity of the fracture network. Some surfactants have the ability to change the wettability of rock matrix toward water-wet state by adsorbing onto the rock surface. The phenomenon can result in spontaneous imbibition improvement and thereby increasing water flooding efficiency and recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs. In this thesis the effect of some surfactants on the wettability of Iranian carbonate reservoir rocks...
Experimental Investigation of Oil Production by Low IFT Dynamic Imbibition
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Imbibition process is known to be an important recovery mechanism in naturally fractured reservoirs with water-wet matrix blocks that are imposed to water influx from an active aquifer or water flooding. Matrix blocks which are subjected to water flooding or water invasion from active aquifers do not become immersed in water at once, but they experience gradual rising of water in fracture. But most of imbibition studies are performed under conditions of totally immersed cores in static aqueous phase. Surfactants are known to reduce residual oil saturation by decreasing interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water. On the other hand, considerable reduction of IFT due to surfactant...
Pore Network Model of Two Phase Flow in low permeable carbonate Rock
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Bozorgmehry, Ramin (Supervisor) ; Pishvaie, Mahmoud Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Development of pore network models for real porous media requires a detailed understanding of physical processes occurring on the microscopic scale and a complete description of porous media morphology. In this study, the microstructure of porous media has been represented by three dimensional networks of interconnected pores and throats which are designed by an object oriented approach. Afterwards, the connectivity of the system has been optimized by an optimization algorithm. To validate the methodology, a network of a carbonate sample is constructed. In this model, the geometrical characteristics of the pores and throats, such as their shapes, effective radii and lengths, are selected...
An Experimental Investigation of Three-Phase Flow of water-Oil-Gas Mixture Through Water-wet Sandstone
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Accurate prediction of relative permeability for various reservoir rocks at various saturation conditions has been of concern for a long time in petroleum industry. Relative permeability is known as one of the most significant parameters in simulation of actual multi-phase flow through porous media during life-time of a hydrocarbon reservoir. In addition, it plays important role in oil production and well completion. Direct experimental measurement in order to determine relative permeability of porous rock has long been recorded in petroleum related literature. However, empirical methods for determining relative permeability are becoming more widely used, particularly with the advent of...
Simulator Development for 3-Dimensional 2-Phase Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media Using Green Element Method
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Pishvaie, Mahmoud Reza (Supervisor) ; Jamshidi, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, the green element method is used to model petroleum problems such as oil production due to expansion mechanism, one and two dimensional spontaneous imbibition and water flooding. Despite of boundary element method that its applications in reservoir engineering are limited to simulation of single phase fluid flow in homogenous media, green element method can solve multi-phase flow in heterogamous media. In this thesis, by this method the governing partial differential equation for these processes are modeled and then solved. In one dimensional medium, green element method can successfully simulate the oil production from heterogamous reservoir due to expansion mechanism. The...
Gravity Drainage and Capillary Imbibition in Iranian Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Goodarznia, Iraj (Supervisor) ; Esmaeilzadeh, Fereidoon (Supervisor) ; kharrat, Riaz (Supervisor)
Abstract
Gravity Drainage and Capillary Imbibition are among the most important mechanisms in oil production from carbonate fractured reservoirs. In order to investigate the feasibility and effects of these mechanisms in oil recovery from carbonate cores, some different experiments were carried out at Sharif University Laboratories. Carbonate cores were taken away from the well-known Asmari outcrop, Asmari Mountain in south east of M.I.S. city and used in these experiments. Oil and gas samples were collected from field separators and recombined to reservoir composition. The Gas-Oil ratio was adjusted to obtain the reservoir fluid properties. A core flooding apparatus with various capabilities was...
Simulation of Spontaneous Capilary Imbibition and Gravity Effects on Oil Recovery in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Jamshidi, Saeed
(Supervisor)
;
Bozorgmehri, Ramin
(Supervisor)
Abstract
Oil reservoirs, have integrated identity; that is they consist of different parameters such as wettablity, initial water saturation, capillary and gravity forces, etc. which are related to each other and affect ultimate recovery simultaneously. In fractured reservoirs, other parameters such as fractures and complex geological structures are also considered among important parameters which affect ultimate recovery. Due to large amount of reserves, fractured reservoirs are subject to different studies and simulations. In this research, different parameters which affect ultimate recovery in fractured reservoirs, are studied and simulated. Different studies ...
An Experimental Study of Oil Production under Spontaneous Co-current Imbibition and Effective Parameters Influencing the Process in Low IFT
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Massihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Capillary Imbibition is an important mechanism in producing oil from matrix blocks in fractured reservoirs. In a water-wet fractured reservoir, if the rise of water level in fracture is in a way that at all the moments the water front in fracture is lower than that in the matrix block we expect co-current imbibition. Iranian reservoirs have large matrix blocks and co-current imbibition can be expectable. Till this time, not many investigations have been done on co-current imbibition in and out of our country, Iran. In this thesis, an experimental investigation on co-current imbibition will be done for different conditions. The main goal of this thesis is the study of co-current imbibition in...
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Scaling the Static and Dynamic Imbibition in Fractured Reservoirs
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
In imbibition process, as one of the main mechanisms of recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs, a wetting fluid enters matrix blocks and produces nonwetting phase from blocks as result of interaction between capillary, gravity and viscous forces. Depending on various characteristics of system different types of imbibition like counter-current spontaneous imbibition, cocurrent spontaneous imbibition and dynamic counter-current imbibition could occur. In order to predict recovery from matrix blocks scaling equations can be used. In this thesis suitable scaling equations are presented for different types of imbibition by using analytical solutions. The studies cases are counter-current...
Experimental Investigation of Mechanism of Wettability Alteration Induced By Hot Water and Steam Injection
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the most important production mechanisms of fractured reservoirs is wettability alteration. Since most fractured reservoirs are carbonate, and thus are often oil-wet; production of these reservoirs is facing their special challenges. Since most of our country reservoirs are fractured carbonate type, determination of the exact mechanisms of their production is necessary. Thermal EOR methods traditionally have been welcomed by big oil companies. Also, these methods of enhanced oil recovery techniques, have a much greater share in the production history of all EOR methods, rather than other EOR methods. Exponentially decreasing of oil viscosity on heating, is the main reason for using...
Experimental Investigation and Numerical Modeling of Gravity Drainage in Multi-Block Fractured Porous Media
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
Due to the fact that, over 60% of oil reserves are located in fractured reservoirs, this type of reservoirs requires a great deal of attention. The presence of the fractures in porous media results in many complexities in the liquid path and production, consequently, simulation and modeling of flow equations is highly important. In order to achieve a more profound understanding of liquid flow in gravity drainage mechanism, the concept of capillary tubes is initially used. By using the capillary tube concept, at first, the gravity drainage mechanism is investigated in the first block in a stack of blocks and an analytical solution is presented for this case. Then, the stack of blocks is...
Experimental Investigation of Surface Properties and Wettability Using Super Gas Wetting Surface Modified Multi-Nano-Composites
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Fakhroueian, Zahra (Supervisor)
Abstract
Recently, the researchers try to identify the application of nanofluids for wettability alteration. Changing the wettability of reservoirs, which gas injects to them, to gas wet can lead to enhanced oil recovery. Although several studies have been conducted to introduce proper nanofluids for altering the wettability of reservoirs to gas wet, there is not enough study to investigate the application of nanocomposites for wettability alteration of carbonate reservoirs. In this study, 20 nanoparticles with different compositional structures were synthesized, and then various nanofluids were prepared for the experimental survey. Also, the potential of these nanofluids for wettability alteration...
Investigation of Low Salinity Waterflooding Predictive Capability and the Development of a Tool for Screening Candidates
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mahani, Hassan (Supervisor) ; Ayatollahi, Shahab (Supervisor)
Abstract
Among different enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods, low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) has been attractive to researchers because of its relative simplicity and lower environmental problems compared to other conventional EOR methods. Numerous researchers have attempted to find the main cause of the low salinity effect (LSE). According to previous studies, several experimental techniques have been proposed for predicting LSE and screening potential field candidates. However, there is a lack of a systematic investigation of all (or even some of) the methods to compare and determine their LSE predictive capability. Predictive capability development is essential because it saves costs and time...
Low Salinity Water Assisted by Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Mechanistic Study and Spontaneous Imbibition Tests
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahabodin (Supervisor) ; Mahani, Hassan (Supervisor)
Abstract
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques have become of the main priorities of the oil industry during the high oil price era. It is interesting to note that the common method to increase production from reservoirs is the water injection method, which recovers a very low amount of oil from the oil-wet matrices due to the lack of water imbibition. Previous studies have shown that changing the wettability of rock would critically increase the oil recovery efficiency. This could be achieved by the low-salinity water injection method. In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted on this technique to evaluate its effectiveness for various types of oil reservoirs. Simultaneous injection...
Pore-scale Network Modeling of Gas-Liquid Membrane Contactors for CO2 and H2S Separation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moosavi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Bozorgmehri, Ramin (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, a tree-dimensional random pore-scale network model is used to simulate the membrane contactor porous medium. Drainage and imbibition phenomena is simulated to have a better knowledge of liquid and/gas intrusion trough the membrane porous structure. A genetic algorithm is used as an optimization tool. Several variables such as the number, radius and location of pores, the coordination number, as well as the radius and length of the throats are used herein as the optimization parameters. The difference between the binary SEM images and virtual sections on the generated network in conjunction with the permeability and mean pore size data were selected as the objective function....
Experimental Study of LSW Injection in Fractured Porous Media: Fracture Geometrical Properties at Pore Scale
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor) ; Fatemi, Mobeen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Enhancing oil production from fractured reservoirs is challenging. The flow characteristics observed in naturally fractured reservoirs are complicated due to interaction between the two different flow domains: fracture and matrix. Spontaneous imbibition is one of the most important recovery processes in water-wet fractured reservoirs. Oil cannot be spontaneously produced from oil-wet rocks, unless the capillary pressure barrier between fracture conduits and matrix is overcome. The flow characteristics in fractured systems thus relate to the wettability of the rocks. Low salinity water injection has been widely studied as a method of enhancing oil recovery in recent years. However, its impact...
The effect of nanoparticles on spontaneous imbibition of brine into initially oil-wet sandstones
, Article Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects ; Volume 41, Issue 22 , 2019 , Pages 2746-2756 ; 15567036 (ISSN) ; Ghasemi Dehkordi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Inc
2019
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of silica nanoparticles on oil production due to the spontaneous imbibition of brine into oil-wet sandstones has been studied. The imbibed fluids were NaCl 3 wt. % solutions containing various concentrations of nanoparticles and the recovered oil for each solution was compared. The results revealed that nanoparticles yielded more oil recovery. Nanofluid was used after brine imbibition, and the oil recovery increased from 17.8% to 40% while in the case of using the same nanofluid as the first imbibed fluid the oil recovery was 53%. Also, the results indicated that the oil recovery depends on nanoparticle concentrations. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Incorporation of viscosity scaling group into analysis of MPMS index for laboratory characterization of wettability of reservoir rocks
, Article Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ; Volume 7, Issue 1 , 2017 , Pages 205-216 ; 21900558 (ISSN) ; Saboorian Jooybari, H ; Masihi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Verlag
2017
Abstract
Wettability is a key parameter affecting petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks. Mirzaei-Paiaman et al. (Energy Fuels 27:7360–7368, 2013) presented an index (referred to as MPMS) for laboratory characterization of wettability of native- or restored-state reservoir rock samples. To use this index two counter-current spontaneous imbibition (COUCSI) experiments are needed, one on the native- or restored-state core sample and another on the strongly water-wet (SWW) reference system. Slope analysis of recovery data in these two systems gives inputs for determination of MPMS index. The two systems must have the same pore structure, initial water saturation, and viscosity ratio. The case of...
A neumerical method to investigate the effect of ultrasonic waves on capillary imbibition
, Article 72nd European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2010: A New Spring for Geoscience. Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2010 ; Volume 5 , 2010 , Pages 3246-3250 ; 9781617386671 (ISBN) ; Karimi, R ; Najafi, I ; Ghotbi, C ; Ghaedian, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Society of Petroleum Engineers
2010
Abstract
A lot of laboratory experiments have been carried out to investigate each aspect of ultrasonic wave s role on fluid flow behavior through porous media. Despite all experimental works, little attention has been paid for modeling the ultrasonic wave influence on capillary imbibition, which is the main mechanism of production in fractured reservoirs. At this work the process of imbibition with and without applying ultrasonic waves is mathematically modeled by modification of piston-like model. In contrast to this model s assumption, in which mobility ratio is assumed to be constant, here permeability variation due to increase in water saturation is considered in numerical solution. To evaluate...
Experimental study on enhanced oil recovery by low salinity water flooding on the fractured dolomite reservoir
, Article Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ; Volume 40, Issue 5 , 2021 , Pages 1703-1719 ; 10219986 (ISSN) ; Gerami, S ; Safekordi, A. A ; Bahramian, A. R ; Ganjeh Ghazvini, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries
2021
Abstract
Enhanced Oil Recovery from carbonate reservoirs is a major challenge especially in naturally fractured formations where spontaneous imbibition is a main driving force. The Low Salinity Water Injection (LSWI) method has been suggested as one of the promising methods for enhanced oil recovery. However, the literature suggests that LSWI method, due to high dependence on rock mineralogy, injected and formation water salt concentration, and complexity of reactions is not a well-established technology in oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs. The underlying mechanism of LSWI is still not fully understood. Due to lack of LSWI study in free clay dolomite fractured reservoir, and to investigate of...