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Study on the Performance of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Hyper-thermic Treatment of Cancerous Tumors, by Heating an MRI Apparatus
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Outokesh, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Nourani, Mohammad Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of increase in temperature of a phantom equivalent to body tissue by different groups of magnetic iron nanoparticles in the external magnetic field to kill cancer cells based on the hyperthermia method. To achieve this goal, three groups of dextran magnetic nanoparticles with different properties and reduced iron oxide-graphene oxide magnetic nanoparticles by M-rGO supercritical synthesis method were used. After XRD, FTIR, SEM, FESEM, VSM, TEM characterization tests, these materials were placed in a phantom made of agarose gel and with the same properties, in a magnetic field with fixed characteristics for all groups and during the process of...
Heart Motion Measurement and Prediction for Robotic Assisted Beating Heart Surgery
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Farahmand, Farzam (Supervisor) ; Vossoughi, Gholamreza (Supervisor)
Abstract
An essential requirement for performing robotic assisted surgery on a freely beating heart is a prediction algorithm which can estimate the future heart trajectory with a high accuracy in a long horizon. The main objective of this research was measurement and prediction of the heart motion for robotic assisted beating heart surgery. In this study, first the feasibility of a stereo infrared tracking system for measuring the free beating heart motion was investigated by experiments on a heart motion simulator. Simulator experiments revealed a high tracking accuracy when the capturing times were synchronized and the tracker pointed at the target from an appropriate distance.Then, the heart...
Design of a Novel Cable Driven Robotic System for Simulation of in vivo Loading of Cadaveric Lumbar Spine with Robustness-adaptive Controller for in vitro Spine Testing
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Parnianpour, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Arjmand, Navid (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this project we plan to propose a mechanism for controlling the profile of vertebra displacment and intera-discal pressure in in-vitro tests. Spineis the one of the most important members of the human musculoskeletal system. Health and stability of the spine help the people to moves on two legs. So any problems with this organ, causing movement problems and pain. For the treatment of spinal diseases, several methods such as surgery, insertion of implants and stabilizing were used. To ensure the accuracy of these methods, laboratory examination is essential. One of the ways to test these interventions, the implementation of in vitro tests on samples obtained from the bodies of the spine....
In-Vivo Body Thermometry Using Electromagnetic Waves
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shishegar, Amir Ahmad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to estimate the temperature distribution of the internal body organs using electromagnetic waves. When the external electromagnetic field propagates in biological tissues under a process like microwave hyperthermia, the temperature of the tissue at the field concentration area increases. Due to temperature and frequency dependence of the tissue dielectric, the tissue permittivity changes; thus, the electric field scattered by the tissue changes. Therefore, by measuring the field scattered from the object, dielectric changes of the tissue structure can be calculated. Since the biological tissues’ dielectric coefficient at frequencies lower than 2GHz is linear,...
Creating Random Mutations on The Human Transglutaminase 2 Gene and Lysozyme Gene to Increase The Solubility of the Enzymes in order to Perform Promiscuous Organic Reactions Using The Recombinant Enzymes
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kalhor, Hamid Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 enzyme is expressed in various parts of the human body and is present in almost all tissue cells. The function of this enzyme is multiple and it catalyzes different reactions depending on where it is located in the cell. The most important activities of this enzyme are: isopeptide bond formation between the side chains of two proteins (transamidation reaction), diamidation reaction (hydrolysis of amide bond), esterification, kinase activity. The hen egg white lysozyme protein is another natural antimicrobial protein that has been extensively studied. The muramidase activity of egg white lysozyme against highly gram-positive bacteria is well known, and this property has...
In vivo SPECT imaging of tumors by 198,199Au-labeled graphene oxide nanostructures
, Article Materials Science and Engineering C ; Vol. 45 , 2014 , pp. 196-204 ; ISSN: 09284931 ; Akhavan, O ; Rahighi, R ; Aboudzadeh, M. R ; Karimi, E ; Afarideh, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) sheets functionalized by aminopropylsilyl groups (8.0 wt.%) were labeled by 198,199Au nanoparticle radioisotopes (obtained through reduction of HAuCl4 in sodium citrate solution followed by thermal neutron irradiation) for fast in vivo targeting and SPECT imaging (high purity germanium-spectrometry) of tumors. Using instant thin layer chromatography method, the physicochemical properties of the amino-functionalized GO sheets labeled by 198,199Au NPs (198,199Au@AF-GO) were found to be highly stable enough in organic phases, e.g. a human serum, to be reliably used in bioapplications. In vivo biodistribution of the 198,199Au@AF-GO composite was investigated in rats bearing...
Polymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes in cancer therapy: A review
, Article Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition) ; Vol. 23, issue. 5 , May , 2014 , p. 387-403 ; Hosseini, S. H ; Adeli, M ; Pourjavadi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The increasing importance of nanotechnology in the field of biomedical applications has encouraged the development of new nanomaterials endowed with multiple functions. Novel nanoscale drug delivery systems with diagnostic, imaging and therapeutic properties hold many promises for the treatment of different types of diseases, including cancer, infection and neurodegenerative syndromes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are both low-dimensional sp2 carbon nanomaterials exhibiting many unique physical and chemical properties that are interesting in a wide range of areas including nanomedicine. Since 2004, CNTs have been extensively explored as drug delivery carriers for the intracellular transport of...
Lumbopelvic rhythm during forward and backward sagittal trunk rotations: Combined in vivo measurement with inertial tracking device and biomechanical modeling
, Article Clinical Biomechanics ; Vol. 29, issue. 1 , 2014 , pp. 7-13 ; ISSN: 02680033 ; Arjmand, N ; Shirazi-Adl, A ; Parnianpour, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Background The ratio of total lumbar rotation over pelvic rotation (lumbopelvic rhythm) during trunk sagittal movement is essential to evaluate spinal loads and discriminate between low back pain and asymptomatic population. Methods Angular rotations of the pelvis and lumbar spine as well as their sagittal rhythm during forward flexion and backward extension in upright standing of eight asymptomatic males are measured using an inertial tracking device. The effect of variations in the lumbopelvic ratio during trunk flexion on spinal loads is quantified using a detailed musculoskeletal model. Findings The mean of peak voluntary flexion rotations of the thorax, pelvis, and lumbar was 121 (SD...
Physiological temperature has a crucial role in amyloid beta in the absence and presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanoparticles
, Article ACS Chemical Neuroscience ; Volume 4, Issue 3 , December , 2013 , Pages 375-378 ; 19487193 (ISSN) ; Rezaei, M ; Ejtehadi, R ; Lotfi, M ; Shokrgozar, M. A ; Abd Emamy, B ; Raush, J ; Mahmoudi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Amyloid beta fibrillation can lead to major disorder of neurons processes and is associated with several neuronal diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). We report here an importance of slight temperature changes, in the physiological range (35-42 °C), on the amyloid fibrillation process in the presence and absence of hydrophilic (silica) and hydrophobic (polystyrene) nanoparticles (NPs). The results highlight the fact that slight increases in temperature can induce inhibitory and acceleratory effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic NPs on the fibrillation process, respectively. Using further in vivo considerations, the outcomes of this study can be used for considerable modifications on the...
Iodine-131 radiolabeling of poly ethylene glycol-coated gold nanorods for in vivo imaging
, Article Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals ; Volume 56, Issue 1 , 2013 , Pages 12-16 ; 03624803 (ISSN) ; Yavari, K ; Outokesh, M ; Sadjadi, S ; Ahmadi, S. J ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Gold nanorods (GNRs) can be used in various biomedical applications; however, very little is known about their in vivo tissue distribution by radiolabeling. Here, we have developed a rapid and simple method with high yield and without disturbing their optical properties for radiolabeling of gold rods with iodine-131 in order to track in vivo tissue uptake of GNRs after systemic administration by biodistribution analysis and γ-imaging. Following intravenous injection into rat, PEGylated GNRs have much longer blood circulation times. We have developed a rapid and simple method for radiolabeling of gold rods with iodine-131 in order to track in vivo tissue uptake of gold nanorods after systemic...
Graphene oxide strongly inhibits amyloid beta fibrillation
, Article Nanoscale ; Volume 4, Issue 23 , 2012 , Pages 7322-7325 ; 20403364 (ISSN) ; Akhavan, O ; Ghavami, M ; Rezaee, F ; Ghiasi, S. M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
Since amyloid beta fibrillation (AβF) plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and their protein-coated surfaces on the kinetics of Aβ fibrillation in the aqueous solution. We showed that GO and their protein-covered surfaces delay the AβF process via adsorption of amyloid monomers. Also, the large available surface of GO sheets can delay the AβF process by adsorption of amyloid monomers. The inhibitory effect of the GO sheet was increased when we increase the concentration from 10% (in vitro; stimulated media) to 100% (in vivo; stimulated media). Conclusion: our results revealed that GO and their surface...
A correlative model to predict in vivo AUC for nanosystem drug delivery with release rate-limited absorption
, Article Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ; Volume 15, Issue 4 , 2012 , Pages 583-591 ; 14821826 (ISSN) ; Mohammadi, K ; Mohammadi, G ; Valizadeh, H ; Barzegar Jalali, A ; Adibkia, K ; Nokhodchi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
Purpose. Drug release from nanosystems at the sites of either absorption or effect biophase is a major determinant of its biological action. Thus, in vitro drug release is of paramount importance in gaining insight for the systems performance in vivo. Methods. A novel in vitro in vivo correlation, IVIVC, model denoted as double reciprocal area method was presented and applied to 19 drugs from 55 nano formulations with total 336 data, gathered from literature. Results. The proposed model correlated the in vitro with in vivo parameters with overall error of 12.4 ± 3.9%. Also the trained version of the model predicted the test formulations with overall error of 15.8 ± 3.7% indicating the...
Cell "vision": Complementary factor of protein corona in nanotoxicology
, Article Nanoscale ; Volume 4, Issue 17 , 2012 , Pages 5461-5468 ; 20403364 (ISSN) ; Saeedi-Eslami, S. N ; Shokrgozar, M. A ; Azadmanesh, K ; Hassanlou, M ; Kalhor, H. R ; Burtea, C ; Rothen Rutishauser, B ; Laurent, S ; Sheibani, S ; Vali, H ; Sharif University of Technology
RSC
2012
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly being considered for use as biosensors, imaging agents and drug delivery vehicles. Their versatility in design and applications make them an attractive proposition for new biological and biomedical approaches. Despite the remarkable speed of development in nanoscience, relatively little is known about the interaction of nanoscale objects with living systems. In a biological fluid, proteins associate with nanoparticles, and the amount and the presentation of the proteins on their surface could lead to a different in vivo response than an uncoated particle. Here, in addition to protein adsorption, we are going to introduce concept of cell "vision",...
A detailed and validated three dimensional dynamic model of the patellofemoral joint
, Article Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ; Volume 134, Issue 4 , 2012 ; 01480731 (ISSN) ; Farahmand, F ; Jafari, A ; Foumani, M. S ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
A detailed 3D anatomical model of the patellofemoral joint was developed to study the tracking, force, contact and stability characteristics of the joint. The quadriceps was considered to include six components represented by 15 force vectors. The patellar tendon was modeled using four bundles of viscoelastic tensile elements. Each of the lateral and medial retinaculum was modeled by a three-bundle nonlinear spring. The femur and patella were considered as rigid bodies with their articular cartilage layers represented by an isotropic viscoelastic material. The geometrical and tracking data needed for model simulation, as well as validation of its results, were obtained from an in vivo...
Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of magnetite based MRI contrast agent using cysteine as the biocapping coating
, Article Materials Chemistry and Physics ; Volume 131, Issue 1-2 , 2011 , Pages 170-177 ; 02540584 (ISSN) ; Malek, M ; Hosseini, H. R. M ; Shokrgozar, M. A ; Oghabian, M. A ; Masoudi, A ; Gu, N ; Zhang, Y ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (mean particle size ranging from 10 to 20 nm) were prepared by a biomoleculeassisted solution-phase approach under ultrasonic irradiation. Cysteine was used as the capping agent in the solution. The results show that cysteine could be an efficient biocapping agent in producing Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and VSM techniques, respectively. FT-IR was used to investigate the presence of cysteine on the nanoparticles surface. The influence of pH value of the solution on the size distribution and hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles were studied by TEM and DLS methods, respectively. The MTT...
Ultrasound dosimetery using microbubbles
, Article IFMBE Proceedings, 20 June 2011 through 23 June 2011 ; Volume 35 IFMBE , June , 2011 , Pages 359-362 ; 16800737 (ISSN) ; 9783642217289 (ISBN) ; Zahedi, E ; Tavakkoli, J ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
In this paper, a new technique based on nonlinear resonance of microbubbles is investigated in order to estimate the amplitude of an ultrasound wave pressure field. First, the existing theoretical model is reviewed. Then, an experimental setup consisting of a bubble generator and transmitting/receiving ultrasound transducers operating in the 1 MHz frequency range is described. The effect of background noise is also taken into account. Results show that the second harmonic oscillations are detectable, paving the way to develop a quantitative method for in vivo calibration of ultrasound waves
Computer modeling of drug distribution after intravitreal administration
, Article World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology ; Volume 77 , 2011 , Pages 706-716 ; 2010376X (ISSN) ; Abdekhodaie, M. J ; Cheng, Y. L ; Saadatmand, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Intravitreal injection (IVI) is the most common treatment for eye posterior segment diseases such as endopthalmitis, retinitis, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, and retinal detachment. Most of the drugs used to treat vitreoretinal diseases, have a narrow concentration range in which they are effective, and may be toxic at higher concentrations. Therefore, it is critical to know the drug distribution within the eye following intravitreal injection. Having knowledge of drug distribution, ophthalmologists can decide on drug injection frequency while minimizing damage to tissues. The goal of this study was to develop a computer model to predict intraocular...
Magnetic resonance imaging tracking of stem cells in vivo using iron oxide nanoparticles as a tool for the advancement of clinical regenerative medicine
, Article Chemical Reviews ; Volume 111, Issue 2 , November , 2011 , Pages 253-280 ; 00092665 (ISSN) ; Hosseinkhani, H ; Hosseinkhani, M ; Boutry, S ; Simchi, A ; Shane Journeay, W ; Subramani, K ; Laurent, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Fetal stem cells, which can be isolated from the organs of fetuses, differentiate along multiple lineages. Their advantages over their adult counterparts include better intrinsic homing and engraftment and lower immunogenicity, and they are less ethically contentious. It is noteworthy that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) can be activated and mobilized at the site of damaged tissue. Since vascular delivery suffers from a pulmonary first pass effect, direct or systemic injection of MSCs into the damaged tissue is preferred, particularly in the case of versatile tissue ischemia. Ultrasound applies acoustic energy with a frequency above human hearing (20 kHz). Ultrasound imaging or sonography...
Predictive equations to estimate spinal loads in symmetric lifting tasks
, Article Journal of Biomechanics ; Volume 44, Issue 1 , Jan , 2011 , Pages 84-91 ; 00219290 (ISSN) ; Plamondon, A ; Shirazi Adl, A ; Larivière, C ; Parnianpour, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Response surface methodology is used to establish robust and user-friendly predictive equations that relate responses of a complex detailed trunk finite element biomechanical model to its input variables during sagittal symmetric static lifting activities. Four input variables (thorax flexion angle, lumbar/pelvis ratio, load magnitude, and load position) and four model responses (L4-L5 and L5-S1 disc compression and anterior-posterior shear forces) are considered. Full factorial design of experiments accounting for all combinations of input levels is employed. Quadratic predictive equations for the spinal loads at the L4-S1 disc mid-heights are obtained by regression analysis with adequate...
Carbon nanotubes part II: A remarkable carrier for drug and gene delivery
, Article Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery ; Volume 12, Issue 7 , 2015 , Pages 1089-1105 ; 17425247 (ISSN) ; Solati, N ; Ghasemi, A ; Estiar, M. A ; Hashemkhani, M ; Kiani, P ; Mohamed, E ; Saeidi, A ; Taheri, M ; Avci, P ; Aref, A. R ; Amiri, M ; Baniasadi, F ; Hamblin, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Informa Healthcare
2015
Abstract
Introduction: Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have recently been studied as novel and versatile drug and gene delivery vehicles. When CNT are suitably functionalized, they can interact with various cell types and are taken up by endocytosis.Areas covered: Anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin have been delivered by CNT, as well as methotrexate, taxol and gemcitabine. The delivery of the antifungal compound amphotericin B and the oral administration of erythropoietin have both been assisted using CNT. Frequently, targeting moieties such as folic acid, epidermal growth factor or various antibodies are attached to the CNT-drug nanovehicle. Different kinds of functionalization (e.g., polycations)...