Sharif Digital Repository

The scarcity of potable water is one of the world's challenges. In the Middle East, this crisis is even worse and as a consequence, the most aggregation of desalination plants has been constructed in this area. However, brine effluent discharged from these plants entails serious environmental issues. Despite the extensive studies about the investigation of dilution and the area which faces the brine discharges as submerge jets, there are a few experimental investigations with a focus on the injecting brine discharge into the shallow environment. Whereas the Persian Gulf's coastal environment is shallow. Moreover, there is a huge construction of desalination held in this area. Accordingly,... 

This research investigates the use of baffles in sector jets for film cooling of turbine blades. The goal of this study is to compare the cooling performance in three conditions: sector jet without baffles (one 90-degree arc), with one baffle (two 45-degree arcs), and with two baffles (three 30-degree arcs). The effect of using this type of cooling is also compared to the crossflow jet, which is the simplest type of cooling jet. In all conditions, the mass flow ratio is constant and equal to 1. The problem is solved for a turbine blade with the “AGTB-B1” airfoil. The problem is first solved with the Transition SST turbulence model, and the results are used as the initial conditions for the... 

Increasing the kinetic energy of the near-wall fluid by exciting shear layers is known as an effective method for flow separation control. So far, choosing the proper approach to apply excitations has been a challenging issue in the field of flow control. This work investigates flow control of airfoils in static stall and flutter conditions, employing shear layer excitation technique and plasma actuators. This research introduces a novel flow separation control, namely dual-point excitation of shear layers and compares its performance with the conventional single-point excitation method. Two airfoils (NACA 4415 and NACA 0015) have been considered as the baseline test-cases. In the first part... 

Boundary layer control has long been and still is considered to reduce drag. In this research, the effect of quasi-spherical structures on the control of boundary layer is investigated. First, flow over a NACA0015 airfoil was investigated. Then, flow over the same airfoil with quasi-spherical bumps on its upper surface was numerically simulated and the result of these two situations were compared. The dimensions and numbers of the bumps in longitudinal and lateral directions (different case studies) were chosen using trial and error. The three-dimensional, incompressible, and turbulent flow governing equations were numerically solved, using FVM and the OpenFOAM software. To get preliminary... 

The interaction of the vortices and helicopter’s blades is the most significant source of generating the main rotor’s noise, especially in landing and rising. The kind of this noise is broadband and it is produced because of establishing the vortices behind the forward blade, their interaction with backward blade, changing their structures and creating turbulency loading. The known method for modeling of the interaction of the vortices structures and solid surfaces is the simple compounding the rod and airfoil. In this project, by using this method, the noise of the interaction of vortex and blade is modeled in the Reynolds number of 48000 with LES and FW-H Analogy as a hibrid method in... 

Drag reduction is one of the most important topics in aerodynamics. Several techniques have been represented to reduce this force, such as surface roughness reduction, blowing, suction, cooling the fluid, etc. Blowing and creating a film of a secondary lower viscosity fluid is the technique used here. In our computations, we used large eddy simulation approach considering viscosity ratio variations effects. Investigations were performed for multiple squared cross sectional jets inclined normally into a turbulent cross flow. Each jet generates a pair of counter rotating vortex pair (CRVP) at its downstream while entering the cross flow. Two horseshoe vortices and a couple of wake vortices... 

More than 80% of desalination units in the Persian Gulf use multi-stage flash (MSF) technology. The discharge of effluent from these units sometimes causes severe impacts to the marine environment due to the increase in temperature and salinity around the discharge point. In the current thesis, the geometrical, mixing and turbulence characteristics of the discharge of thermal-saline inclined jets under the water surface, similar to the effluent of MSF units, are numerically investigated by developing the buoyantBoussinesqPimpleFoam solver in the OpenFoam open-source software, using the LES turbulence model and the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid scale and the UNESCO equation of state. The... 

Density currents as a particular form of stratified fluid motion in nature have attracted the interest of many researchers in the past decades. These flows are formed whenever a fluid with specific density begins to move through another fluid with different density called ambient fluid. Prediction of propagation of turbulent density currents, especially because of their remarkable influence on the environment, is one of the researcher’s interests in geophysics and engineering. Density currents have a lot of applications in industry and nature. Sand storm in deserts, turbidity currents in oceans and avalanches are natural examples and leakage of dense gas into the atmosphere due to reservoir... 

When a fluid moves inside another fluid while they have unequal density, a phenomena occurs which is called density (or gravity) current. Therefore density difference and gravity are key factors of density current generation. Due to application in engineering and geology, it is essential to investigate and analyze the above mentioned phenomena. Dam reservoirs, sandstorm in deserts, snow slide onset and falling, ash clouds produced during eruption of a volcano, and spreading of density current due to the collapsing of reservoirs are some examples of gravity current. There are lots of methods to simulate the turbulence of density current like DNS or RANS. But DNS has high computational cost... 

In this thesis, lock-exchange density currents are investigated using the dynamic large eddy simulation (LES) method. These are flows that occur under the influence of gravity and density gradient. In the lock-exchange type currents, a bulk of heavy fluid is released under an ambient lighter fluid. One charachteristic of such flows is the presence of turbulence at different scales across flow and Kelvin-Helmholtz and lobe and cleft instabilities at the interface, which additionally act to complicate the matter. Although lots of efforts have been devoted to simulate density currents, much of the previous simulations have used Reynolds Average Navier-Stockes (RANS) methods. Practically, these... 

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of a flamelet method along with the LES1 approach in the modeling of a turbulent premixed flame behind the bluff-body. In this flame ,because of the high turbulence intensity and fuel dilution, there is a significant interaction between the turbulence and chemical kinetics. In this study, first, the cold flow is modeled using LES and RANS2 approaches. Then, using the Flame-Generated Manifold (FGM) model and a presumed PDF model, the turbulent reacting flow is simulated.Comparison of the results of the LES and RANS showed that the accuracy of the LES method in simulating the physics of turbulent flow is much higher than RANS, but its... 

This thesis tries to suggest a simple solution to reduce the amplitude of occurred fluctuations in mixing tees. Temperature fluctuations can induce cyclical thermal stress and thermal fatigue. In order to estimate the lifetime of pipeline material and reduce the frequency and amplitude of these fluctuations, an accurate diagnosis of these fluctuations must be conducted. For this aim, a comparison between Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models was carried out to show the ability of LES model in prediction of temperature fluctuations. The effect of Peclet number on the amplitude was discussed. The effect of placing simple pipe segments and orifices to... 

In the process of extraction and refining of crude oil, a considerable amount of waste water are produced and if they are not removed, they would become one of the most hazardous environmental factors. Furthermore, purification and separation of such wastewaters are extremely costly, which with an increase in separation efficiency can lead to a decrease in valuable product loss. On the other hand, in the extraction process from oil reservoirs, because of porous and permeable nature of them, solid particles may be added to the extracted crude oil, which can result in an obstruction in pipelines and transport equipment.The most conventional method for separating a mixture of water, oil, and... 

Characterizing the dynamics dictating injection and mixing of the coaxial shear and swirl injectors is of central importance in the context of space rockets, diesel and direct injection reciprocating engines, and modern turbine gases. Sophisticated with precise thermo-physical models along with high-fidelity turbulence approaches, a computational platform –based on OpenFOAM open source code– is developed to simulate the practical injectors flow-fields under trans- and supercritical conditions. Aiming at providing a deep insight on the underlying physics, the investigations are conducted in a hierarchical manner; the flow complexities are added step-by-step to eventually construct the... 

In this thesis, isothermal and reactive low swirl flow are investigated using the large eddy simulation (LES) method. In contrast to high swirl burner, in low swirl burner stability mechanism is not related to central recirculation zone and a detached flame stabilizes in a place where the flow velocity and flame speed are matched. Although lots of efforts have been devoted to simulate swirl flow, much of the previous simulations investigated high swirl flow in different configurations. The current research is conducted for co-annular swirl flow, isothermal low swirl flow and reactive low swirl flow. Simulation of co-annular swirl flow is performed to investigate the performance of... 

Injection of jet into cross-flow has various applications, such as film cooling of gas turbine blades, reaction control jets for missiles and aircrafts, and mixing of air and fuel in combustion chambers. Velocity ratio (blowing ratio), momentum ratio, and streamwise jet inclination angle are important correlation parameters which have been studied extensively. However, not much work has been done on the jet swirling effects. The present work investigates computational simulation of a row of swirling square jets injected normally into a cross-flow. The swirl is introduced using two injectors discharged normally into the jet. Computational simulations were performed using LES approach with... 

The limitations of metals in tolerating thermal stresses is one of the main obstacles in increasing temperature of combustion products. In addition, strong desires to use higher temperatures than are allowed for metals, have led to use of different cooling methods for protecting surfaces adjacent to hot gases. Previous valid studies show that more than 25% of research in the field of gas turbine is related to their blades cooling. On the other hand, one of the very important methods of cooling such surfaces is film cooling. The results of this and previous researches conducted by the team of this thesis’ supervisors can for instance help designers to predict more suitable positions for... 

The interactions between jets and cross flows appear in many engineering applications (such as film cooling) and thus their study is of great importance. In film cooling, the coolant fluid is transferred from the compressor to the surface of the turbine blades via small holes. An increase of about 170⁰C of the engine working temperature increases the engine efficiency about 5%. To reach higher temperatures of the inlet air flow, one tries to have the least amount of interactions between the film cooling jets and the the cross flow. In this work, we computationally studied turbulent film cooling of a flat plate, in which we used the combined triple jet and investigated the effects of density... 

In the present study, hydrodynamics and particle sedimentation of a rectangular basin is studied numerically. Results are also validated with experimental data. Two major goals are perused in this work: First comparing LES and RNG k-ϵ turbulence models and second, investigating the accuracy of simulation of particle sedimentation by solving the concentration formula.
In order to achieve these goals, a 2D sedimentation tank is simulated using the RNG k-ϵ model. Velocity and concentration profiles are also plotted. Comparing the results with experimental data reveals that simulating sedimentation by the mentioned method has acceptable accuracy and can be used to predict sedimentation. In... 

The most common three-dimensional flows accuring in axial turbomachineries are endwall flows. These flows, which depend on inner hub and on external surface of airfoils are called secondary flows. In modern turbines, these flows reduce turbine efficiency up to about 3 percent.Many sientists are interested in investigation such flows. In this study, turbulent endwall flows are modeled using large eddy simulation approach. Also, SIMPLE algoritm and Smagorinsky subgrid scale model are used. Non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system and structural grid are implemented.To verify the results, they were compared with some existing experimental data which, showed that current numerical results...