Sharif Digital Repository

A new computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detecting malignant melanoma from dermoscopy images based on a fixed grid wavelet network (FGWN) is proposed. This novel approach is unique in at least three ways: (i) the FGWN is a fixed WN which does not require gradient-type algorithms for its construction, (ii) the construction of FGWN is based on a new regressor selection technique: D-optimality orthogonal matching pursuit (DOOMP), and (iii) the entire CAD system relies on the proposed FGWN. These characteristics enhance the integrity and reliability of the results obtained from different stages of automatic melanoma diagnosis. The DOOMP algorithm optimises the network model approximation... 

In the present study, the potential of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)-loaded electrospun chitosan/cobalt ferrite/titanium oxide nanofibers was studied to investigate the simultaneous effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy against melanoma cancer B16F10 cell lines. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via microwave heating method. The titanium oxide nanoparticles were mixed with cobalt ferrite to control the temperature rise. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanofibers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The DOX loading efficiency and in vitro drug release of... 

Background and Objectives: Melanoma is a dangerous kind of skin disease with a high death rate, and its prevalence has increased rapidly in recent years. Diagnosis of melanoma in a primary phase can be helpful for its cure. Due to costs for dermatology, we need an automatic system to diagnose melanoma through lesion images. Methods: Here, we propose a sparse representation based method for segmentation and classification of lesion images. The main idea of our framework is based on a kernel sparse representation, which produces discriminative sparse codes to represent features in a high-dimensional feature space. Our novel formulation for discriminative kernel sparse coding jointly learns a... 

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.... 

The current gold standard for clinical diagnosis of melanoma is excisional biopsy and histopathologic analysis. Approximately 15–30 benign lesions are biopsied to diagnose each melanoma. In addition, biopsies are invasive and result in pain, anxiety, scarring, and disfigurement of patients, which can add additional burden to the health care system. Among several imaging techniques developed to enhance melanoma diagnosis, optical coherence tomography (OCT), with its high-resolution and intermediate penetration depth, can potentially provide required diagnostic information noninvasively. Here, we present an image analysis algorithm, "optical properties extraction (OPE)," which improves the... 

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer if not treated early. The best way to cure melanoma is to treat it in its earliest stage of development. Since melanoma is similar to benign moles in its shape and appearance, it is often mistaken for moles and left untreated. Automatic melanoma detection is an essential way to increase the survival rate of patients by detecting melanoma in its early stages. In this paper, a new method for automatic diagnosis of melanoma using segmented dermatoscopic images is provided. Almost all related methods follow similar approaches but using different features. We have introduced several new features which could improve the accuracy of diagnosing melanoma.... 

Cancer has long been a leading cause of death. The primary tumor, however, is not the main cause of death in more than 90% of cases. It is the complex process of metastasis that makes cancer deadly. The invasion metastasis cascade is the multi-step biological process of cancer cell dissemination to distant organ sites and adaptation to the new microenvironment site. Unraveling the metastasis process can provide great insight into cancer death prevention or even treatment. Microfluidics is a promising platform, that provides a wide range of applications in metastasis-related investigations. Cell culture microfluidic technologies for in vitro modeling of cancer tissues with fluid flow and the... 

In this study, the potential of using MIL-100(Fe) metal–organic framework (MOF) for loading and controlling the release of dacarbazine (DTIC) was evaluated for in vitro treatment of melanoma. The drug loading was performed during the green synthesis of MIL-100(Fe) in an aqueous media without using any harmful solvents, to obtain MIL-DTIC. The surface of this structure was then coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the same aqueous solution to synthesize MIL-DTIC-PEG. The synthesized samples were characterized using various methods. Their release profile was studied in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and simulated cutaneous medium (SCM). The cytotoxicity of DTIC and its nano-MOF... 

IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational...