Sharif Digital Repository

Sol-gel based solid-phase microextraction fibers supported by a stainless steel wire were fabricated and employed for GC-MS determination of oxadiargyl in real samples. The fibers were based on four compounds with different polarity: polar and non-polar (end-capped) poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly(ethylene-propyleneglycol)-monobutyl ether (UCON). For this purpose, the surface of the stainless steel was initially modified by (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane. The results of the modification procedure were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. After the modification, four different sol-gel based SPME fibers with... 

In this paper, a two-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal model is presented to predict the electrochemical, mass transfer and heat transfer behaviors in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Governing equations including the momentum, continuity, heat transfer, proton and electron transport, species transport for water, methanol, and all the gas species (carbon dioxide, methanol vapor, water vapor, oxygen, and nitrogen) and the auxiliary equations are coupled to studying the various phenomena in DMFC. The modeling results agree well with the four different experimental data in an extensive range of operation conditions. A parametric study is also performed to examine the effects of the cell... 

This paper deals with computational and experimental studies on the oscillatory flow at high frequencies up to 100. Hz performed with the Oscillating Drop and Bubble Analyzer (ODBA) setup based on the capillary pressure technique. The CFD results are validated considering pressure amplitude experimental data. The simulated results of phase shift between the generated oscillatory flow and the consequent pressure amplitudes show also good agreement with the experimental data. In absence of any compressibility and viscoelasticity effects and assumptions, a complex velocity field during oscillation is the main reason for the observation of a phase shift. The results of velocity profiles at the... 

The present investigation is devoted to the fully developed slip flow mixed convection in vertical microducts of two different cross sections, namely, polygon, with circle as a limiting case, and rectangle. The two axially constant heat flux boundary conditions of H1 and H2 are considered in the analysis. The velocity and temperature discontinuities at the boundary are incorporated into the solutions using the first-order slip boundary conditions. The method considered is mainly analytical in which the governing equations in cylindrical coordinates along with the symmetry conditions and finiteness of the flow parameter at the origin are exactly satisfied. The first-order slip boundary... 

Electroosmosis is the main mechanism for flow generation in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. The temperature rise due to the Joule heating phenomenon, associated with the electroosmosis, may be detrimental for samples being considered in LOCs. Hence, a complete understanding of the heat transfer physics associated with the electroosmotic flow is of high importance in design and active control of LOCs. The objective of the present study is to estimate the temperature rise and the thermal entry length in electroosmotic flow through rectangular microchannels, having potential applications in LOC devices. Along this line, the power-law rheological model is used to account for non-Newtonian behavior... 

Consideration is given to the buoyancy effects on the fully developed gaseous slip flow in a vertical rectangular microduct. Two different cases of the thermal boundary conditions are considered, namely uniform temperature at two facing duct walls with different temperatures and adiabatic other walls (case A) and uniform heat flux at two walls and uniform temperature at other walls (case B). The rarefaction effects are treated using the firstorder slip boundary conditions. By means of finite Fourier transform method, analytical solutions are obtained for the velocity and temperature distributions as well as the Poiseuille number. Furthermore, the threshold value of the mixed convection... 

In this paper, the fully developed electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in rectangular microchannels in the presence of pressure gradient is analyzed. The electrical potential and momentum equations are numerically solved through a finite difference procedure for a non-uniform grid. A complete parametric study reveals that the pressure effects are more pronounced at higher values of the channel aspect ratio and smaller values of the flow behavior index. The Poiseuille number is found to be an increasing function of the channel aspect ratio for pressure assisted flow and a decreasing function of this parameter for pressure opposed flow. It is also observed that the Poiseuille number is... 

This is a theoretical study that extends a classical method of treating the convection heat transfer in complex geometries to gaseous slip flow forced convection in microchannels with H1 thermal boundary condition. Through this line, the momentum and energy equations in cylindrical coordinates are made dimensionless. Afterward, solutions are presented that exactly satisfy the dimensionless differential equations along with the symmetry condition and finiteness of the flow parameter at the origin. The first-order slip boundary conditions are then applied to the solution utilizing the least squares matching method. Though the method is general enough to be applied to almost any arbitrary cross... 

In the present study, the thermal characteristics of electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in rectangular microchannels in the presence of pressure gradient are investigated. The governing equations for fully developed flow under H1 thermal boundary conditions are first made dimensionless and subsequently solved through a finite difference procedure for a non-uniform grid. The influence of the major parameters on thermal features of the flow such as the temperature distribution and Nusselt number is discussed by a complete parametric study. The results reveal that the channel aspect ratio and the non-Newtonian characteristic of the fluid can affect the thermal behavior of the flow. It is... 

This is a theoretical study dealing with mixed electroosmotic and pressure-driven flow of a Newtonian liquid in a rectangular microchannel. Both and thermal boundary conditions are considered and the Debye-Hückel linearization is invoked. The governing equations are made dimensionless assuming fully developed conditions and then analytically solved using an infinite series solution. The governing factors are found to be the dimensionless Debye-Hückel parameter, velocity scale ratio, dimensionless Joule heating parameter, and channel aspect ratio. The results indicate that the Nusselt number is an increasing function of the channel aspect ratio, whereas the opposite is true for the velocity... 

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrokinetic phenomenon which is used for manipulating micro- and nanoparticles in micron-sized devices with high sensitivity. In recent years, electrode-based DEP by patterning narrow oblique electrodes in microchannels has been used for particle manipulation. In this theoretic study, a microchannel with triangular electrodes is presented and a detailed comparison with oblique electrodes is made. For each shape, the behavior of particles is compared for three different configurations of applied voltages. Electric field, resultant DEP force, and particle trajectories for configurations are computed by means of Rayan native code. The separation efficiency of... 

Microbubbles are broadly used as ultrasound contrast agents. In this paper we use a low-cost flow focusing microchannel fabrication method for preparing microbubble contrast agents by using some surface active agents and a viscosity enhancing material to obtain appropriate microbubbles with desired lifetime and stability for any in vitro infusion for velocity measurement. All the five parameters that govern the bubble size extract and some efforts are done to achieve the smallest bubbles by adding suitable surfactant concentrations. By using these microbubbles for the echo-particle image velocimetry method, we experimentally determine the velocity field of steady state and pulsatile pipe... 

The present study attempts to analyze the extended Graetz problem in combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flows in rectangular microchannels, by employing a variational formulation. Both the Joule heating and axial conduction effects are taken into consideration. Since assuming a uniform inlet temperature profile is not consistent with the existence of these effects, a step change in wall temperature is considered to represent physically conceivable thermal entrance conditions. The method of analysis considered here is primarily analytical, in which series solutions are presented for the electrical potential, velocity, and temperature. For general treatment of the eigenvalue problem... 

In high Knudsen number flow regimes microgas flow analysis may not be performed accurately using the classical CFD methods. Alternatively, the gas flow through micro-geometries can be investigated reliably using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Our concern in this paper is to use DSMC to study the mixing of two gases in entering simultaneously into a microchannel. The mixing process is assumed to be complete when the mass composition of each species deviates by no more than ±1% from its equilibrium composition. To enhance the mixing process, we focus on the effects of inlet-outlet pressure difference and the pressure ratios of the two incoming CO and N2 streams on the mixing... 

Thermally developing electroosmotically generated flow of two viscoelastic fluids, namely the PTT and FENE-P models, through a slit microchannel is considered. Both the viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects are taken into account and a step change in wall temperature is considered to represent physically conceivable thermal entrance conditions. Expressions for the dimensionless temperature and Nusselt number in the form of infinite series are presented. In general, the resultant eigenvalue problem is solved numerically; nevertheless, an analytical solution is presented for the regions close to the entrance. A parametric study reveals that increasing amounts of the Peclet number... 

Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs) are new and promising heat transfer devices. To implement the novel idea to vary the startup performance of a PHP using ferrofluid with and without the application of magnetic field, an experimental investigation is conducted. The effects of several important parameters including working fluid, charging ratio, heat input, ferrofluid concentration, internal pressure, and application of magnetic field on the startup performance of Open Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes (Open Loop PHPs) have been considered and described in detail. Obtained results show that using ferrofluid instead of distilled water can improve the startup performance of PHPs in certain conditions.... 

Homogenous dispersing of nanoparticles in a base fluid is an excellent way to increase the thermal performance of heat transfer devices especially Heat Pipes (HPs). As a wickless, cheap and efficient heat pipe, Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs) are important candidates for thermal application considerations. In the present research an Open Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (OLPHP) is fabricated and tested experimentally. The effects of working fluid namely, water, Silica Coated ferrofluid (SC ferrofluid), and ferrofluid without surface coating of nanoparticles (ferrofluid), charging ratio, heat input, and application of magnetic field on the overall thermal performance of the OLPHPs are investigated.... 

Pulsating Heat Pipes are an effective mean for heat removal with the potential for a widespread application in electronic packaging. An experimental study a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (CLPHP) constructed of copper tubes formed into four meandering turns is presented. Once configured in a vertical orientation the lower portion of the CLPHP comes in contact with a heat source (called the evaporator) from which it will remove heat through the pulsating action of the two-phase mixture contained within the initially evacuated copper tubes eventually transfer the heat to a heat sink (known as the condenser). Heat fluxes can be measured using temperature data gathered from experiments.... 

Electroosmosis is the predominant mechanism for flow generation in lab-on-chip devices. Since most biofluids encountered in these devices are considered to be non-Newtonian, it is vital to study the flow characteristics of common non-Newtonian models under electroosmotic body force. In this paper, the hydrodynamically fully developed electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in rectangular microchannels is analyzed. The electrical potential and momentum equations are numerically solved through a finite difference procedure for a non-uniform grid. A thoroughgoing parametric study reveals that the Poiseuille number is an increasing function of the channel aspect ratio, the zeta potential, the... 

The present investigation considers the thermally developing electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids through a parallel plate microchannel. Both the viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects are taken into account and a step change in wall temperature is considered to represent physically conceivable thermal entrance conditions. Expressions for the dimensionless temperature and Nusselt number in the form of infinite series are presented. In general, the resultant eigenvalue problem is solved numerically; nevertheless, an analytical solution is presented for the regions close to the entrance. A parametric study reveals that increasing amounts of the Peclet number result in higher wall...