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natural-gas
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Feasibility Study Of A Gas To Liquid Plant
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hooshmand, Mahmoud (Supervisor)
Abstract
The methodology proposed by UNIDO , to investigate feasibility study of industrial project, is a useful tool in pre-investment decision making. In this work feasibility of investing on "Gas To Liquid" GTL Plant of Asalouye is investigated. Having gathered required information, including gas field potential, required technology and machineries, cost of investments , required manpower to run the UNIDO methodology is used to investigate the investment, the result of the work shows that the project is feasible and it would have internal rate of return of 24% ( by sale cost= 81 $ per barrel of GTL product)
A Study of Iran Gas Export Markets and Strategic Proposal for Entering
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kermanshah, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Possessing second place among gas reserve owner countries worldwide, Iran enjoys a very particular position in energy supply field. The crude oil is about to be replaced by natural gas in fuel sector because of growing demand for natural gas along with depletion of crude oil reserves. Some other drivers to this change are the increase in the known reserves of natural gas, the need to monetize stranded gas reserves and the environmental pressure to minimize the flaring of associated gas and carbon dioxide emissions. In such conditions the optimum consumption of these national abundant resources results in obtaining considerable revenues and strong presence of Iran in world consumption...
Feasibility Study and Offer Initiatives for Pressure Loss Reduction in Gas Compressor Station
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Farhadi, Fathollah (Supervisor)
Abstract
Pipeline transfer is the most commonly method for natural gas transportation. Potential force of natural gas transportation in pipeline is pressure difference that is generated in Gas Compressor Stations (GCS). For each 100 to 150 km of pipeline, one GCS is required that pressure is increased usually from 700 to 1000 psig. Each station contains different process equipments such as turbines, compressors, scrubbers, filters, air coolers, throttling valves and pipes with instruments. It is shown that about 10 percent of the generated pressure difference, decays in GCS.
In this thesis, pressure losses are studied and initiatives are purposed to reduce them in a Gas Compressor Station. Then...
In this thesis, pressure losses are studied and initiatives are purposed to reduce them in a Gas Compressor Station. Then...
Simulation and Estimation of Power Generation in Natural Gas Network by Micro Turboexpanders
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Farhadi, Fatolah (Supervisor)
Abstract
This thesis studies the economic feasibility of replacing a throttling valve with an expansion turbine in a city gate station for the purpose of distributed electricity generation through exergy recovery from pressurized natural gas. Conventionally, high pressure natural gas stream enters a pressure reduction station with its physical exergy completely destroyed in an irreversible Joule-Thompson effect of a throttling valve. To avoid hydrate formation at the outlet of the turboexpander, the inlet stream should be preheated. Although pressure reduction stations are inherently subject to seasonal fluctuations of inlet natural gas pressure and flow rate, the preheating temperature should be...
Cost-Benefit analysis of Iran-Europe Natural gas pipeline in the field of Economics, Environment and Energy Security
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Maleki, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
The intermediary between Consumer and market of Natural gas is long transportation pipeline. Analysis of different dimension is a prerequisite for constructing these infrastructures. This study has been done in the fields of economics, environment and energy security. The proposed pipeline, which is called Islamic pipeline, passes through different countries, Iraq, Syria, Greece and Italy. It carries natural gas and feeds Europe gas requirements, also passes the Mediterranean Sea, which includes underwater pipe-laying technology that has been considered. Economic analysis of this project calculated, using Cost-Benefit analysis. Environmental issues has been identified and classified,...
Model for Evaluation of Optimal Allocation of Natural Gas Resources in Iran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Saboohi, Yadollah (Supervisor)
Abstract
Structural changes in the energy sector, including the need to diversify sources of energy supply, security of supply, energy consumption growth in developing countries, rising oil prices and the exhaustibility of fossil fuel reserves, environmental issues, increased consumption of petrochemical products etc., has led to increased share of natural gas in primary energy supply. Iran has a wide range of options to use natural gas endowment. The present research aims to develop a model for optimal allocation of natural gas to various applications.The gas distribution system is modeled in the present study. Technical onstraints together with economic characteristics are considered in the model....
Security Constrained Unit Commitment With Natural Gas Transmission Delivery Constraints
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ehsan, Mahdi (Supervisor)
Abstract
Natural gas power plant installed in power system as rapid start unit. In the recent decades, with increasing in the number of gas generating units in the world, consideration of natural gas transmission network in optimal solution of security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) become a non-negligible problem. The gas transmission grid constraints integrated into the scheduling of thermal units in the proposed model for minimizes power system operating cost. In a power plant transmission of natural gas to power plant is very important because congestion in natural gas pipeline increases. This model could consider natural gas storage tank in gas transmission network as decision variable....
Design and Manufacture of a Burner for Transforming Natural Gas to Reduction Gas
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Halali, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Different methods can be used to produce reduction gas. One example is using coal. But today there’s a tendency to use natural gas. One way of transforming natural gas to reduction gas is to burn it with gases produced by combustion, such as or vapor; usually a catalyst is used in this method. Another method is burning natural gas directly with oxygen or air. The recent method is of benefit especially in Iran, because of available natural gas resources and avoiding catalyst problems. Designing a burner for this purpose is an important step in reaching this goal. In this project such a burner is designed and manufactured. The burner manufactured in this project burns natural gas with...
Supersonic Separation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moosavi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Nouri Borujerdi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Supersonic separators with neither rotating parts nor chemical process, physically separate particles in a multi-phase flow. In comparison with general separation techniques, which are utilized in industries, specifically this equipment is cheaper, smaller and lighter. Condensation and separation at supersonic velocity is the key to achieve a significant reduction in both capital and operating costs. In this study, a two dimensional de Laval nozzle and few three-dimensional supersonic separator have been modeled. The 3D models modified in shape and dimensions. Impellers were created to form swirl flow. The models were simulated by the use of CFD software ANSYS FLUENT. Diverse inlet pressures...
Gas and Electrcicity Networks Co-Planning in Microgrid Generations
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Mahmud (Supervisor) ; Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, Abbas (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
As a long-established approach, the electricity and natural gas networks have been operated and planned independently. Nevertheless, in recent years there has been a significant progress in energy conversion technologies in microgrids, thus making the electricity and gas networks more connected on the costumers’ side and also enabling users to utilize each of the carriers interchangeably. This increasing correlation between the two networks has led us to a new approach called co-planning of electricity and natural gas networks.This thesis aimed to take a closer look at this new approach and tried to study different aspects of it. Based on the concept of useful energy, a new approach has been...
Optimal Design of Cryogenic Heat Exchanger for Gas Liquefication Cycle
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Afshin, Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
Gas liquefication in low temperatures is one of the most challenging fields in engineering due to complexity of its thermodynamic analisys and fabrication of equipments. Heat Exchangers are one of the most important equipments in these prosseces. High prices of Heat Exchangers in these facilities makes their Optimal and cost effective design, of crucial importance. In this thesis three dimensional model of a Plate Fin Heat Exchanger is thoroughly investigated. Fistly, by means of Aspen Heat Exchanger design Software a counter flow Heat Exchanger is designed. This HX is to be placed in Collins cycle, so, working fluid in both hot and cold streams is Helium Gas. The HX then by means of ANSYS...
Coordinated Scheduling of Power and Natural Gas Systems Considering Demand Uncertainty
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rafiee, Majid (Supervisor)
Abstract
The everyday increasing electricity consumption of household and industrial sectors across the world, and also the limited generation capacity and fuel supplies has led electricity companies, whether in private or government sectors, to focus deliberately on power generation planning, its costs, risks and constraints Because of many reasons including high efficiency, low cost of capital investment, expeditious permitting, and operation flexibility of gas-fired generating units, electricity companies prefer them to old ones like coal-fired or oil-fired generating units. Thus natural gas has gained a significant share in the portfolio of electricity generation fuel resources, and it is...
Effect of Waste Gate Turbocharged Performance Gas Engine Turbo Charger
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hajilouy Benisi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
The project aims to select the best Waste gate opening pressure for my Turbocharged gas engine is m355G. For this purpose GT-power software for modeling engine power is used. it is reduced to the 38/11 percent. After checking the model in several Waste gate opening pressure Turbocharged Gas engine performance is evaluated and the best Waste gate opening pressure is achieved. The results show that the engine brake specific fuel consumption by changing the opening pressure of 165 mm Hg to 255 mm Hg 4/03 percent and 14/19 percent of the engine power is increased. Also opening pressure of 265 mm Hg to 255 mm Hg engine brake specific fuel consumption 0/25 percent and 0/88 percent of the engine...
Dynamic Modeling of Integrated Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture in Natural Gas Combined Cycle
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this project dynamic effect of changes in gas turbine load on power plant, reforming and Co2 capture section is investigate. The reason for study of effects change of gas turbine load is that gas turbine determines the performance of the other parts in combined cycle including gas cycle and change of gas turbine load can alter the load and the performance of other parts in the power plant and in other process such as production of synthesis gas and carbon dioxide separation unit. One Autothermal reactor and eight sewgs reactor are utilized to produce gas turbine fuel which is mainly consist of Hydrogen. this part of thesis is to be implemented in the gPROMS from process system enterprise...
Experimental and Numerical Study on Reactivity Controlled Compression Combustion Ignition Natural Gas-diesel
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hosseini, Vahid (Supervisor)
Abstract
According to limitation of fossil fuel consumption and cost, reduction of fuel consumption is very important in internal combustion engine. This requirement becomes twofold in light of the greenhouse effect of CO2 on global warming. Therefore, the use of engines with less fuel consumption is a global success. Diesel engines are among the most productive internal combustion engines. They have a lower fuel economy and carbon monoxide. But unfortunately, these engines respectively in rich and dilute blend have highly soot and nitrogen oxides. One of the methods in the development of the combustion process is the low temperature combustion method, which reduces the production of Knox due to low...
Strategies for Iranian Natural Gas Resources by Economic Optimization Based on MCDM Analysis
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Maleki, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
Due to rising demand of Natural gas in the global market and expected natural gas production soar in Iran which holds largest natural gas reserved in the world, addressing the optimal allocation of natural gas resources considering the role of Iran in global trade is of utmost importance to researchers as well as policy makers . The aim of this research is to develop a decision making tool which optimally allocate the natural gas resources. To develop this tool, qualitative and quantitative models of Multi-Criteria decision making considering energy security, economic and environment criteria are coupled to find the bests alternative options of natural gas exploration and the economic...
Synthesis and Experimental Study of Nano-Carbon Adsorbent for Natural Gas Storage
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Rashidi, Ali Morad (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
The major obstacle in using natural gas as a clean and abundant fuel in transportation industries is the low density of energy obtained from its combustion. Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) is a useful method to increase the energy density and store the natural gas. The lower cost and higher safety have made it different from the other storage technologies. In addition, ANG can be useful to solve the lack of gas in the peak of consumption. Among all adsorbents, Activated Carbon (AC) has shown the highest adsorption capacity of natural gas. In the present project, walnut shell has been used as the precursor in the chemical synthesise of AC. The main effective factors in chemical activation, such as...
Integrated Planning of Electrical and Natural Gas Distribution System for Enhancing the Resilience after Occurrence of Earthquake
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Eshraghniaye Jahromi, Abdolhamid (Supervisor)
Abstract
The ever-growing prevalence of gas-fired power plants has paved the way for significant changes in the electrical energy network applications in recent years. As a result, the mutual dependency between natural gas distribution systems and electrical energy distribution systems has been intensified. Thus, the integrated gas and electrical distribution system is faced with notable threats from natural disasters that can lead to disruptions in meeting the critical demands of the consumers as well as high monetary costs. The occurrence of unpredicted natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes affects the performance of energy infrastructures. Given the low possibility of these...
Methane Adsorption on Activated Carbon Prepared from Lignocellulosic Materials
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemeini, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Bozorgzadeh, Hamid Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the methods for adsorption of natural gas that has economical, operational and environmental preferences as an alternative energy source is storage as an adsorbed phase in porous material. ANG is superior to CNG and LNG technologies in terms of economy and safety. Carbonaceous nanostructures with pore diameter of 0.8-1.4 nm can be proper adsorbents for methane adsorption. In this work, cellulose and lignin which form lignocellulosic material’s structure, has been used as precursor for producing activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared has been used as adsorbent for adsorption of methane. The use of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by carbonization and chemical activation is...
Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Fuel Spray Characteristics in a Direct Injection Engine
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Saeedi, Mohammad Hassan (Supervisor)
Abstract
With the increasing number of applications in internal combustion engines, environmental impact and air pollution caused by emissions has been much attention. Natural gas is a promising fuel for limiting pollution laws in many countries. The use of fuel with a higher ratio of hydrogen gas to carbon pollution reduction motor. In this context and with regard to development policy and also due to the diversity basket NGV fuel, fuel injection, has been modeled analytically and numerically in a direct injection engine. In this study, an analytical model for spray injection fuel delivery and is dissolved. The resolution of the method of separation of variables is taken. The effect of the nozzle...