Sharif Digital Repository

In the present work, the fracture toughness data generated on the QE22 magnesium alloy as the matrix alloy and SiC particles reinforced composites using the short rod standard specimens. The short rod specimens of 18 mm diameter were prepared from the extruded rods in the extrusion direction. The fracture toughness values are primarily evaluated experimentally and then analytically by using mathematical methods. The suitability of these methods to predict this property was also discussed. Results showed that the incorporation of the SiC particles with three different shapes (i.e. sharp, blocky and round) decreases in general the fracture toughness of the QE22 Mg-alloy. This effect is... 

Diffusivity equation which can provide us with the pressure distribution, is a Partial Differential Equation (PDE) describing fluid flow in porous media. The quadratic pressure gradient term in the diffusivity equation is nearly neglected in hydrology and petroleum engineering problems such as well test analysis. When a compressible liquid is injected into a well at high pressure gradient or when the reservoir possess a small permeability value, the effect of ignoring this term increases. In such cases, neglecting this parameter can result in high errors. Previous models basically focused on numerical and semi-analytical methods for semi-infinite domain. To the best of our knowledge, no... 

In this paper we have studied both DC size effect and anomalous skin effect caused by surface and grain boundary scattering on the resistivity of Cu thin films by a Monte Carlo method. Contribution of each scattering mechanism and the interaction between them are analyzed separately. A simple and fast numerical recursive method is also introduced to guess the structure of electric field and distribution of current inside the thin film to evaluate the surface resistance instead of complicated analytical formulas  

This paper presents a new approach to economic dispatch (ED) problem with non-continuous and non-smooth cost functions using a hybrid evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm. In the proposed method the concept of multi-agent (MA) systems and EP are integrated together to form a new multi-agent evolutionary programming (MAEP) approach. In MAEP, an agent represents a candidate solution to the optimization problem in hand, and all agents live together in a global environment. Each agent senses its local environment, competes with its neighbors, and also learns by using its own knowledge. MAEP uses these agent-agent interactions and the evolutionary mechanism of EP to obtain the optimal... 

Predictions of the gas temperature and pressure profiles are vital to the design and operation of gas transmission lines. Available analytical methods for the calculation of these profiles are evaluated and a numerical framework for the rigorous calculation has been developed. The predictions from both the analytical and numerical procedure have been compared to field data from the Iranian Gas Trunk-lines (IGAT). These comparisons showed that all the available methods were tuned using data obtained from small to medium diameter pipes extrapolated poorly to large diameter pipelines. In order to improve the predictions for large diameter pipelines, the effect of model parameters such as soil... 

Fiber/matrix debonding at the free surface of unidirectional composites deteriorates their performance and ultimately reduces the working life of these materials. Identifying the source, controlling the propagation and elimination of the damages has been the subject of many research attempts. The results show that the singular radial thermal residual stress at the fiber/matrix interface on the free surface of composites is the main reason for initiation of the debonding. Also, it has been experimentally and numerically proven that a thin layer of matrix-like cover on the free surface could highly help in elimination and/or reduction of the damage. However, the results were limited to the... 

In this paper, model reference control of a fractional order system has been discussed. In order to control the fractional order plant, discrete-time approximation methods have been applied. Plant and reference model are discretized by Grünwald-Letnikov definition of the fractional order derivative using "Short Memory Principle". Unknown parameters of the fractional order system are appeared in the discrete time approximate model as combinations of parameters of the main system. The discrete time MRAC via RLS identification is modified to estimate the parameters and control the fractional order plant. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed method of model reference adaptive... 

The nonlinear equation of motion for pre-stretched EulerBernoulli beams is derived. The effect of pre-tension and pre-compression in EulerBernoulli beams is studied. It is shown that compressive strain affects the bending stiffness much more than tensile strain. Based on the derived equation, the dynamic model of bimorph piezo-actuated beams, which is accurate, yet simple, is then developed. Afterwards, the critical voltage, which makes the piezo-actuated microbeam unstable, is numerically investigated. It is shown that the strain of the centerline is proportional to the beam's aspect ratio squared. Results show that the more the aspect ratio, the less the critical voltage. In addition, it... 

One of the main challenges in diffusion-based molecular communication is dealing with the non-linearity of reaction-diffusion chemical equations. While numerical methods can be used to solve these equations, a change in the input signals or the parameters of the medium requires one to redo the simulations. This makes it difficult to design modulation schemes and practically impossible to prove the optimality of a given transmission strategy. In this paper, we provide an analytical technique for modeling the non-linearity of chemical reaction equations based on the perturbation method. The perturbation method expresses the solution in terms of an infinite power series. An approximate solution... 

One of the main challenges in diffusion-based molecular communication is dealing with the non-linearity of reaction-diffusion chemical equations. While numerical methods can be used to solve these equations, a change in the input signals or the parameters of the medium requires one to redo the simulations. This makes it difficult to design modulation schemes and practically impossible to prove the optimality of a given transmission strategy. In this paper, we provide an analytical technique for modeling the non-linearity of chemical reaction equations based on the perturbation method. The perturbation method expresses the solution in terms of an infinite power series. An approximate solution... 

In this study, a fractional-order adaptive-sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is proposed to stabilise commensurate fractional-order polytopic non-linear differential inclusion systems containing sector and dead-zone nonlinearities in the control inputs and unknown bounded disturbances. The suggested control method is composed of fractional-order sliding surfaces, adaptive-SMC inputs and adaptation laws for unknown bounds of disturbances. The Lyapunov stability theorem is used to prove the stability of the closed-loop system. A practical system and two numerical examples are simulated to show the effectiveness and performance of the proposed control technique  

Design of an appropriate ventilation system is one of the main concerns in the construction of subways. In this paper, thermal comforts of side-platform stations are investigated by numerical methods. For the numerical simulation, grids are generated by structured methods and governing equations are discretized by finite volume methods. In the numerical simulation, second order upwind and second order central difference scheme are used to consider the convection and diffusion terms of momentum and energy equations, respectively. Results of this study show that in term of thermal comfort, region next to the hallway and the middle part of the platform is the worst zones of the station. In... 

In case of unexpected ruptures in high pressure tanks, choking phenomenon occurs in the cracked area which fluid velocity gets sonic and its pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. Afterward, pressure of discharged gas quickly changes by crossing through compression and expansion shock waves. The main aim of this study was numerical simulation and investigation of this flow in a 3-step process: (a) Detailed analysis of numerical method, (b) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of velocity, pressure, temperature and turbulence intensity, in order to propose safety strategies and (c) parametric studies on the effects of tank pressure and nozzle geometry on flow structure. In numerical... 

Underground gas pipelines are one of the vital parts of each country which surface blasts can break down such pipelines, making destructive explosions and threatening the safety of neighborhood structures and people. In this paper, to enhance the safety of these lines, response of a buried 56-inch diameter high pressure natural gas pipeline to a surface blast was numerically investigated. Besides, the effects of: i) explosive mass, ii) pipeline thickness, iii) burial depth and iv) concrete protective layer on pipeline deformation were parametrically studied. To simulate the problem according to actual explosion events, geometries were modeled in real scales, pipeline properties were... 

A new characteristic-based method is developed and used for solving the mixed and forced convection problems. The nano-fluid flow with heat transfer is simulated with a novel characteristic-based scheme in closed domains with different aspect ratios. For this purpose, a FORTRAN code has been written and developed. Water as a pure fluid and water-titanium dioxide as a nano-fluid were considered. The governing equations are solved by the finite volume utilizing a characteristic-based scheme for the convective fluxes. The simulation is done at Grashof numbers from 100 to 104, Reynolds numbers from 100 to 1000, and volume fractions of nano-particles from 0% to 10%. Streamlines, isotherms,... 

Different parameters of the asymmetric contact problem between an elastic wedge and a half-plane have been introduced in this paper. These parameters include the distribution of contact pressure and length of contact zones due to frictionless normal loading. For each parameter, the results have been compared with the results of the symmetric problem and numerical solution, which show excellent agreement. The method of approach is a completely analytical method based on singular integral equations. In this method, the boundary conditions of the problem are stated as some singular integrals, and distribution of the contact pressure is specified. Then, with use of the equilibrium equations and... 

This paper proves that if G is a graph (parallel edges allowed) of maximum degree 3, then χc′(G) ≤ 11/3 provided that G does not contain H1 or H2 as a subgraph, where H1 and H2 are obtained by subdividing one edge of K23 (the graph with three parallel edges between two vertices) and K4, respectively. As χc′(H1) = χ c′(H2) = 4, our result implies that there is no graph G with 11/3 < χc′(G) < 4. It also implies that if G is a 2-edge connected cubic graph, then χc′(G) ≤ 11/3. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, inc  

The Stochastic Distribution Control (SDC) problem is a generalised form of the minimum variance control problem where non-Gaussian noise distributions are encountered. The problem has been previously solved using two alternative approaches. When it is assumed that the output Probability Distribution Function (PDF) is measurable, then a parameterized controller is obtained. If on the other hand this assumption is removed (which corresponds to most practical cases), then the controller found is no longer parameterisable (i.e. it is a control action sequence). Both these approaches have thus far been solved using local Newtonian methods. In this paper a third alternative is presented which... 

Density Current is formed when a fluid with heavier density than the surrounding fluid flows down an inclined bed. These types of flows are common in nature and can be produced by; salinity, temperature inhomogeneities, or suspended particles of silt and clay. Driven by the density difference between inflow and clear water in reservoirs, density current plunges clear water and moves towards a dam, while density current flows on a sloping bed. The vertical spreading due to water entrainment has an important role in determining the propagation rate in the longitudinal direction. In this work, two-dimensional steady-state salt solutions' density currents were investigated by means of... 

In this work we study the problem of whether all trajectories of the system ẋ=y-F(x) and ẏ=-g(x) cross the vertical isocline, which is very important for the existence of periodic solutions and oscillation theory. Sufficient conditions are given for all trajectories to cross the vertical isocline. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved