Sharif Digital Repository

Estimation of physical parameters is essential in almost any part of science and technology. The enhancement of performance in this task (e.g. beating the standard classical shot-noise limit) using available physical resources is a major goal in metrology. Quantum metrology in closed systems has indicated that entanglement in such systems may be a useful resource. However, whether in open quantum systems such enhancements may still show up is not yet fully understood. Here, we consider a dissipative (open) quantum system of identical particles in which a parameter of the open dynamics itself is to be estimated. We employ a recently developed dissipative quantum metrology framework, and... 

Estimation of parameters is a pivotal task throughout science and technology. The quantum Cramér-Rao bound provides a fundamental limit of precision allowed to be achieved under quantum theory. For closed quantum systems, it has been shown how the estimation precision depends on the underlying dynamics. Here, we propose a general formulation for metrology scenarios in open quantum systems, aiming to relate the precision more directly to properties of the underlying dynamics. This feature may be employed to enhance an estimation precision, e.g., by quantum control techniques. Specifically, we derive a Cramér-Rao bound for a fairly large class of open system dynamics, which is governed by a... 

We introduce a model of a non-Gaussian quantum channel that stems from the composition of two physically relevant processes occurring in open quantum systems, namely, amplitude damping and dephasing. For it we find input states approaching zero output entropy while respecting the input energy constraint. These states fully exploit the infinite dimensionality of the Hilbert space. Upon truncation of the latter, the minimum output entropy remains finite, and optimal input states for such a case are conjectured thanks to numerical evidence  

DNA nucleobases strongly absorbed onto a graphene sheet placed between two gold electrodes in a contact–channel–contact configuration were distinguished. We analyzed the system using the nonequilibrium Green’s function method combined with density functional theory. The changes of the electric field in the middle of the vacuum gap (channel) were investigated. The Mulliken population was deciphered for graphene and the nucleobases. We also extracted the image plane, which was found to lie very close to the position of peak induced density. The projection of the electron difference density and electrostatic difference potential of the nucleobases are also presented. The nucleobases were... 

Quantum detailed balance conditions and quantum fluctuation relations are two important concepts in the dynamics of open quantum systems: both concern how such systems behave when they thermalize because of interaction with an environment. We prove that for thermalizing quantum dynamics the quantum detailed balance conditions yield validity of a quantum fluctuation relation (where only forward-time dynamics is considered). This implies that to have such a quantum fluctuation relation (which in turn enables a precise formulation of the second law of thermodynamics for quantum systems) it suffices to fulfill the quantum detailed balance conditions. We, however, show that the converse is not... 

A fluctuation relation for the heat exchange of an open quantum system under a thermalizing Markovian dynamics is derived. We show that the probability that the system absorbs an amount of heat from its bath, at a given time interval, divided by the probability of the reverse process (releasing the same amount of heat to the bath) is given by an exponential factor which depends on the amount of heat and the difference between the temperatures of the system and the bath. Interestingly, this relation is akin to the standard form of the fluctuation relation (for forward-backward dynamics). We also argue that the probability of the violation of the second law of thermodynamics in the form of the... 

This work aims to compare results of dissipating and pure dephasing single-qubit probes in characterizing the cutoff frequency of a harmonic reservoir Ohmic spectral density. In particular, we proved that a dissipating single-qubit improves the estimation precision of the cutoff frequency estimator. The information backflow and outflow of the dissipating and the dephasing single-qubit are compared. The relation between the quantum Fisher information and the information outflow and backflow of the probe is obtained. The results show that difference between the values of information outflow and backflow of a dissipating single-qubit is larger than a dephasing single-qubit. So, a single-qubit... 

It has been shown that a macroscopic system being in a high-temperature thermal coherent state can be, in principle, driven into a non-classical state by coupling to a microscopic system. Therefore, thermal coherent states do not truly represent the classical limit of quantum description. Here, we study the classical limit of quantum state of a more relevant macroscopic system, namely the pointer of a detector, after the phase-preserving linear amplification process. In particular, we examine to what extent it is possible to find the corresponding amplified state in a superposition state, by coupling the pointer to a qubit system. We demonstrate quantitatively that the amplification process... 

We analyze the role of bath temperature, coherence and entanglement on excitation transfer in a spin chain induced by the environment. In Markovian regime, we show that coherence and entanglement are very sensitive to bath temperature and vanish in time in contrary to the case of having zero-temperature bath. That is while, finding the last qubit of the chain in excited state increases by increasing the bath temperature. The obtained results show the destructive role of temperature on coherence and entanglement and confirm that these quantum mechanical features cannot affect probability of finding the last qubit in excited state. © 2019, Isfahan University of Technology. All rights reserved  

We analyze the role of bath temperature, coherence and entanglement on excitation transfer in a spin chain induced by the environment. In Markovian regime, we show that coherence and entanglement are very sensitive to bath temperature and vanish in time in contrary to the case of having zero-temperature bath. That is while, finding the last qubit of the chain in excited state increases by increasing the bath temperature. The obtained results show the destructive role of temperature on coherence and entanglement and confirm that these quantum mechanical features cannot affect probability of finding the last qubit in excited state. © 2019, Isfahan University of Technology. All rights reserved  

We introduce a dynamical picture, referred to as correlation picture, which connects a correlated bipartite state to its uncorrelated counterpart. This picture allows us to derive an exact dynamical equation for a general open-system dynamics with system-environment correlations included. This exact dynamics is in the form of a Lindblad-like equation even in the presence of initial system-environment correlations. For explicit calculations, we also develop a weak-correlation expansion that allows us to introduce systematic perturbative approximations. This expansion provides approximate master equations that can feature advantages over existing weak-coupling techniques. As a special case, we...