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Hydrodynamic Simulation of Flow in Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Seawater Disalination
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Seif, Mohamad Saeed (Supervisor) ; Mehdigholi, Hamid (Supervisor)
Abstract
Water is the most essential human need and the lack of fresh water soon is one of the biggest problems of mankind. One way to deal with the lack of fresh water is desalination of seawater. Seawater desalination is done by different thermal and membrane methods. In this research, the methods and history of freshwater supply methods and the role of chains in the progress of seawater desalination, and the measures taken in the field of seawater desalination have been investigated. Among the various methods discussed and proposed in this research, it was concluded that reverse osmosis membrane is available and has an acceptable economic efficiency compared to other methods. After choosing the...
Enhance the Chlorine Resistance of Reverse Osmosis Membrane
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Abdekhodaei, Mohammad Jafar (Supervisor)
Abstract
Reverse osmosis membrane one of the common methods used for water desalination, today membrane, thin film composite(TFC) include three layers, top the these layers named selection layer, this poly amid layer contacted with feed water, sensitivity to chlorine in polyamide layer lead to high membrane chlorine sensitive. Difference methods used for enhance the chlorine resistance in polyamide membrane that categorized in three general categories, covering and protection of sensitive areas method has best results in comparison to other methods. In this research protection method choose and used, material that used, sanitized by result from surface analysis of commercial membrane manufactured in...
Ion Separation through a Y-Shaped CNT Membrane- A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Sadrhosseini, Hani (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nowadays, water desalination is a widely-used method for producing clean and fresh water. Recent researches in this area have mostly focused on Reverse Osmosis technology which is one of the most efficient technologies in water desalination. A new idea to increase the efficiency of a recently-designed reverse osmosis membrane called “Honeycomb Carbon Nanotube Membrane” is presented through molecular dynamics simulation. Although in this study only the inlet area of the honeycomb structure which is a Y-shaped entrance, is modeled and studied, but obviously, any improvement in the membrane inlet, equals better results at outlet which means a more efficient desalination process. Present thesis...
Synthesis of Ultra-Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis (ULPRO) Membrane
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Mousavi, Abbas (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
The aim of this project is to achieve a semi permeable high flux membrane with a reasonable salt rejection for the treatment of low osmotic pressure water. A thin film composite membrane consists of three polymeric layers was studied in this project. These layers were polyester support, polysulfone sub layer and polyamine selective layer. The polyester support provides the mechanical resistance against the operating pressure. The polysulfone sub layer provides the suitable area for polyamide synthesize, and the polyamide layer is the selective active layer of membrane.
The resistance to water penetration in sub layer was reduced first and then, the pores in the polyamide layer refined by...
The resistance to water penetration in sub layer was reduced first and then, the pores in the polyamide layer refined by...
Waste Water Purification of the Isfahan Zirconium Production Plant (ZPP) by Membrane Process
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Samad Fam, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Yavari, Ramin (Supervisor) ; Haji Hosseini, Majid (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Isfahan Zirconium Production Plant (ZPP) is one of the most important plants in the nuclear industry of Islamic Republic of Iran. The wastewater of this plant contains high values of Sodium, Chloride, Nitrate and low values of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc and Zirconium ions. Its release has been banned by international and national law because of the dangers and toxicity of its ions for the environment and living organisms. Therefore, its refinement as a compensation of Iran’s water resources in agriculture and drinking water has received a major consideration. Among the common methods to removal of these ions, membrane process method is selected due to it's major benefits such as not producing...
Preparation of Polyethersulfone/Polyamide (PES/PA)Thin Film Composite Membranes based Modified Nanoclays for Forward Osmosis-Disalination
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, two layer nanocomposite membrane of polyethersulfone (support layer) and polyamide (active layer) were prepared for the purpose of desalination of water by forward osmosis method. In order to take more advantage of this membrane, montmorillonite nanoparticles which had been modified by graphene oxide were placed in it. To bind the nanoparticle components together, at first, montmorillonite was functionalized by (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to increase its nucleophilicity, and for graphene oxide to increase its electrophilicity, thionyl chloride was added. The two compounds were mixed and stirred for 24 hours in the presence of triethylamine base by magnetic stirrer at 30°C...
Biofouling Reduction in Reverse Osmosis Membrane for the Purification Brackish Water
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this project, modification of reverse osmosis membrane was investigated in order to reduce the biofouling in treatment of brackish water. Furthermore, the technique which is used to attain the favorable results is graft polymerization to modify the membrane’s surface with grafting acrylic acid as hydrophilic monomer onto polyamide exploited as last layer in reverse osmosis membrane. This technique is a free radical grafting, andfree radicals which are needed for grafting are provided by the redox system potassium persulfate-sodium metabisulfite which was used as initiator. To figure out the best concentration of acrylic acid, initiator and process time in order to achieve a new membrane...
Preparation, Surface Modification and Application of Nanocomposite Membranes Based on Transition Metals- Dichalcogenide Nanoparticles in Forward Osmosis Desalination Process
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba (Supervisor) ; Ahadian, Mohammad Mahdi (Supervisor) ; Amini, Mojtaba (Supervisor)
Abstract
Different parts of this research are focused on developing FO membranes and improving their performance. For this purpose, thin film composite (TFC) membranes with fixed composition of polyethersulfone/polyamide (PES/PA) have been used to investigate the effect of nanocomposites containing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) on their performance. The support layer in all cases is PES, which is prepared through the phase inversion process and does not contain any nanofillers. The modification process takes place in the polyamide layer by dispersing the desired nanoparticles in the aqueous monomer solution necessary to form this active layer. Identification and characterization of...
Removal of Surface Defects and Improvement of Properties of Reverse Osmosis Membrane in Water Treatment Process
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bastani, Dariush (Supervisor) ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to correct the surface defects of the reverse osmosis membrane. The membrane tested in this project was a thin film made of three layers of polyester, polysulfone and polyamide. These three layers provide mechanical resistance to operating pressure, suitable substrate for polyamide layer synthesis and membrane selectivity, respectively.In order to improve the surface properties and modify the reverse osmosis membrane, it was first attempted to coat it with a protective layer of polyvinyl alcohol, then by modifying this layer and improving the properties of polyvinyl alcohol and synthesizing the sulfite agent on it by the esterification reaction, to the best...
Design of a Desalination System with High Recovery Using Membrane Based Systems
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Nouri Borujerdi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) assimilates high efficiency due to non-thermal processes and accessing high salinity. This makes it suitable for high water recovery for the purpose of zero- and minimal liquid discharge desalination. Moreover, forward osmosis (FO) has low fouling efficiency which makes the operating costs of cleaning and replacement lower. This study aims at incorporating OARO and FO in a novel configuration with multiple inlet of the diluted draw solution to the regeneration section. Pinch analysis with simplifying assumptions was carried out for FO and OARO standalone stages. The results showed that pinch point in FO resides either on the beginning or at the end...
Preparation a Polymeric Membrane for Dehydration of Acetic Acid
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Bastani, Dariush (Supervisor)
Abstract
The separation ofacetic acids in binary water solutions hasbeenstudied using a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Thin film composite polyamide membrane is used in this study.Thin-film composite (TFC) membrane was prepared through the interfacial polymerization between m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the polysulphone support membrane.The solute permeation was carried out under applied pressure of 5 bar at 25°C. In this work the effect of various synthesis conditions on the membrane performance was investigated. Parametric studies were conducted by varyingconcentration of reactants, reaction time, curing time and curing temperature. By suitable combination of these...
Modified Forward Osmosis Membrane Preparation for Portable Water Purification Systems
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Ramazani Saadat Abadi, Ahmad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, mesh-reinforced cellulose acetate (CA)-based membranes were prepared for forward osmosis (FO) by immersion precipitation. Casting composition, preparation conditions, evaporation time, coagulation bath temperature, annealing temperature, CA percent and 1,4-dioxane/acetone ratio were tested for membranes’ performance. Also, the results were compared with commercially CTA membranes. The FO membrane prepared under optimized conditions had a smooth surface similar to commercial ones. The most proper membrane (17.9 % polymer and 1,4-dioxane /acetone ratio 1.89) showed water flux of 9.3 L/m2.hr (LMH) and RSF of 0.536 mol NaCl/m2.hr. Using mesh in the membrane structure, different...
Investigation Methods to Optimize the Operation of the RO Plant of Hakim Farabi Agri Industrial Co
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hashemian, Jamaloddin (Supervisor) ; Mousavi, Reza (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Membrane fouling is the main cause of permeate flux decline and loss of product quality in reverse osmosis (RO) systems, so good pretreatment of the feed solution was required to prevent membrane fouling. One of the most common applied pretreatment methods to prevent or control the scaling of different salts in feed water is to add scale inhibitors. Due to the great variety of commercial scale inhibitors RO plant operators must evaluate these chemicals before use in real plants. In this project three different types of antiscalants at concentrations of 10 ppm and one type of magnetic descaler on the RO pilot for the R.O plant feed water of agro-industrial Hakim Farabi evaluated and function...
Optimal Ordering of Thermal and Membrane Desalination Process Using CHP
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Farhadi, Fathollah (Supervisor) ; Bozorgmehri Boozargomehri, Ramin (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this thesis, using superstructure concept, a method is presented to synthesize of new structures for thermal desalination processes along with their structural and operational optimization. The proposed superstructure is capable of producing various common (feed forward, backward, parallel cross feed) and non-common structures in evaporators, as well as in combination with flash stages and thermal vapor compressor. By using the GA (Genetic algorithm), the superstructure has been optimized to identify the optimal structures in both Iranian and international economic scales. Also comparisons were made between conventional structures at optimum state, to suggest superior structures at...
Water Recycling from Output Residual Flow of Reverse Osmosis Membranous Units
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moosavi, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this research, we focus on reduction of solutes in left out water from reverse osmosis membranous units (brine) with reduction of scaling factors of membrane. This research is important from that perspective that the out put brine from reverse osmosis membranous unit After purification by this method, enter into membranous system in order to increase in recovered water volume and also minimization of out put waste from membranous system and decrease the environmental damages. The method used in this research, is three processes of cooling, chemical desalination and seeding by crystal material. In this research is investigated the type and amount of matter for chemical desalination and...
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Sea Water Desalination by Reverse Osmosis Membrane
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) is by far the most widely used membrane desalination process worldwide. The RO process depends on the properties of semi-permeable membranes which allow the separation of water from a salt solution by applying external pressure higher than the osmotic pressure on the seawater. The main problem in membrane separation process is the fouling of the membrane walls, which decreases the permeate flux. Having spacer filaments in the feed channel has been proven to dynamically change the concentration boundary layer and preventing fouling. The impact of spacer configurations (cavity, zigzag and submerged) on the alleviation of concentration polarization and the enhancement of...
Techno-Economic Comparison between Reverse Osmosis and Multi-Effect Distillation for Desalination in Iran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bastani, Dariush (Supervisor) ; Feylizadeh, Mehrzad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The current work studies the economic investigation of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit and multi-effect distillation (MED) considering the average global and also Iran circumstances. Technical and operational parameters are taken into account for economic modeling of both methods to choose the proper and economic method for water desalination based on different operational conditions. The cost of the desalination plants is investigated in two different parts of capital cost and operating and maintenance cost. Capital cost is divided into direct and indirect cost subsections. Based on these calcifications, the effect of economic parameters on change of capital cost and operating and...
Monitoring & Optimizing of the Returned Condensated Water as Boiler Make up Water at the Agro-Industry Hakim Farabi Boilers
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Alamolhoda, Ali Asghar (Supervisor) ; Pourjavadi, Ali (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Vapor in agro-industry hakim farabi production electricity, Turbines force and thermal energy for Yellow and white sugar in sugar production. In the utilization to supply water for the boiler , condensate water return use Until plant be able to do its work ¬good quality of condensate water decrease cost of destruction energy in blow down and can save energy, reduce cost of chemical operation for optimum boiler water and costs associated with wastewater treatment. unclean condensate water consist of sugar and Electrical conductivity more than permissive is not suitable for use in The boiler because Increase the total dissolved solids and decreasing pH lower than the Extent permitted. The...
Improve Performance of Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membranes by Crosslinking Treatments
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
Reverse osmosis membranes are one of the most common methods of desalination of water in the world today. In the meantime, aromatic polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes have one of the best performances and can be widely used in industry. This project aims to make surface modifications on the made raw membranes and increase the degree of crosslinking to improve the functional properties of the membrane, such as the percentage of salt rejection and the flux of permeate, and the reduction of fouling. For this purpose, polyvinyl alcohol and l-arginine along with maleic anhydride as the crosslinking agent and hexamethylene diisocyanate were used for surface modification of the...
Numerical Study of Induced-charge Electroosmotic (ICEO)Flow Effects on Mixing Phenomena in a Porous Media, Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Taeibi Rahni, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Salimi, Mohammad Reza (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Rapid preparation of a homogeneous mixture is essential for many chemical and biological applications, such as micro-scale biological-chemical agent detection, drug delivery, and DNA hybridization. Some mixing systems have a micro-scale geometry, which results in a very slow mixing process, mainly due to laminar flow in these systems. Mixing in a slow flow is performed only by molecular diffusion. In the absence of any disturbances, increased mixing is not possible simply by diffusion. Accordingly, a suitable and innovative method to improve mixing for such systems is required. Induced charge electro-osmosis is a new field of electro-osmotic flow, which performs better than conventional...