Sharif Digital Repository

Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure for repairing skull defects. This surgery will protect the brain tissue, reduce pain in the lesion site and reduce the psychological burden on the patient. Cranioplasty implants should have distinct characteristics, i.e., high strength for protecting the brain, full coverage of skull defects, resistance to infection, non-expansion with heat, and reasonable price. Titanium implants, bone allografts, hydroxyapatite, and methyl methacrylate are commonly used in this surgery. However, these materials have many disadvantages that limit their use. As a result, biodegradable material and 3D printing technology are the next steps for designing scaffolds according... 

Most of industrial and laboratory processes are faced with liquid-liquid emulsions particularly aqueous-organic ones in their different product streams which determine the need to perform phase separation due to enviromental problems or need to increase the product purity. In this project, due to presence of a water-hexane two phase flow mixture in the outflow of a microractor that performs Lithium-Bromine exchange reaction, a capillary microchip separator has been designed in order to separate water through capillary channel and hexane through main channel outlet using interfacial forces and wettability effects. To obtain a desired phase separation, the pressure drop through main channel... 

In Lithium ion batteries, the separator is membrane that placed between the cathode and the anode is one of critical components. Its primary function is to effectively transport ionic charge carriers between two electrodes as an efficient ionic conductor as well as to prevent the electric contact between them as a good electric insulator. The separator does not involve directly in any cell reactions, but its structure and properties play an important role in determining the battery performance. Commercially available polyolefin separators low cost, good electric resistance, high electrochemical stability, and effectively prevent thermal runaway caused by the electrical short-circuits or... 

In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) were used to prepare a polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) microporous flat sheet membrane via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. Mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were used as diluent. The effect of the polymer composition and coagulation bath temperature on the morphology and performance of the fabricated microporous membranes in a bioreactor (MBR) were investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine which variables and interactions between variables have a significant effect on our responses. The ANOVA revealed that the... 

Graphene is two dimensional nanomaterial, single layer of carbon atoms that exhibited excellent properties like high electrical conductivity and stiffness, but producing graphene and obtaining a good dispersion of graphene in a polymer matrix is still a major challenge. In this study by using the electrochemical route several graphene with different degree of oxidation produced in different electrolyte medium. According to XRD data, product of electrochemical exfoliation in dilute HNO3 medium includes 50% few-layer graphene (5 layers) and 25% GO and the rest are multi-layer graphene. Nonsolvent induced phase separation method were used to prepare TPU/Graphene nanocomposite. Different methods... 

Porous materials using polymers have been developed for a variety of industrial applications. These structures mostly contain well-aligned microchannels and exhibit good mechanical properties and high porosity.There are several ways to prepare porous polymeric structures, such as sintering, stretching, track etching and phase separation processes. In this work Phase separation method using anti-solvent of selected polymer in liquid nitrogen was used to fabricate the porous structures. Considering physical and chemical peroperties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, porous polystyrene make to be good sorbents. Solvent supported microextraction technique was applied to extract polycyclic... 

Hydrocyclones are used for separating different materials from liquids in a variety of applications. Compactness, efficiency, reliability and low maintenance costs are their noteworthy characteristics. Dewatering and deoiling hydrocyclones used for refining crude oil or oily waste water in offshore platforms are examples of liquid-liquid hydrocyclones. Separation process in hydrocyclones is based on the fact that swirl flow induces a centrifugal force and leads to separation due to density difference. The density difference in liquid-liquid mixtures is smaller than solid-liquid types and trying to separate one liquid from another takes much more effort than the other type. Increase of... 

Phase separation of a 50:50 binary system composed of two prolate ellipsoids with different axis ratios is investigated through molecular dynamics simulation. The system can be considered as a coarse-grained model of a binary liquid crystal mixture. Phase separation has been detected in the system by changing the density as the control parameter. The system goes through two different phase changes, one being the phase change due to phase separation and the other one due to orientational phase transition. In the latter case coexistence of the two particles results in simultaneous phase transition