Sharif Digital Repository

An ultrafine-grained Al6063/Al2O3 (0.8 vol.%, 25 nm) nanocomposite was prepared via powder metallurgy route through reactive mechanical alloying and hot powder extrusion. Scanning electron microcopy, transmission electron microscopy, and back scattered electron diffraction analysis showed that the grain structure of the nanocomposite is trimodal and composed of nano-size grains (< 0.1 μm), ultrafine grains (0.1–1 μm), and micron-size grains (> 1 μm) with random orientations. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite based on the strengthening-mechanism models revealed that the yield strength of the ultrafine-grained nanocomposite is mainly controlled by the high-angle... 

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al6063/Al2O3 (0.8 vol%, 25 nm) nanocomposite was prepared via powdr metallurgy route. The grain structure of the nanocomposite composed of nano-size grains (< 0.1 μm), ultrafine grains (0.1-1 μm) and micron-size grains (>1 μm) with random orientations. It was found that the yield strength of the UFG nanocomposite is mainly controlled by the Orowan mechanism rather than the grain boundaries. The deformation activation energy at temperature ranges of T <300 ˚C and 300 ˚C ≤T < 450 ˚C was determined to be 74 and 264 kJ mol-1, respectively. At the higher temperatures, significant deformation softening was observed due to dynamic recrystallization of non-equilibrium grain... 

Al6063 powder was subjected to severe plastic deformation via high-energy mechanical milling to prepare ultrafine-grained (UFG) aluminium alloy. Uniaxial compression test at various temperatures between 300 and 450 °C and strain rates between 0.01 and 1 s-1 was carried out to evaluate hot workability of the material. Microstructural studies were performed by EBSD and TEM. The average activation energy and strain rate sensitivity of the hot deformation process were determined to be 280 kJ mol-1 and 0.05, respectively. The deformation temperature and applied strain rate significantly affected the grain structure of UFG Al alloy. A finer grain structure was obtained at lower temperatures and... 

Knowledge of process parameters during and after hot rolling is a significant requirement in order to produce a material with the desired microstructures and mechanical properties. In continuous hot rolling mills, different stages may exist, including water descaling, rolling stands, interstand sections, and run-out table. In each of these sections, various thermal and/or mechanical conditions are applied on the rolling metal that would affect material response in successive stages. In other words, an integrated model should be employed in hot rolling operations to evaluate metal behavior and microstructural events at the same time. Therefore, the thermal-mechanical response as well as... 

An examination of the influence of rolling path change on the static recrystallization behavior of commercial purity aluminum was performed in the present work. Aluminum strips were cold rolled to a reduction of 50 % under various rolling sequences, i.e. single-pass, double-pass from one direction and with reverse directions, and were then annealed in 290 °C for different durations, while mechanical evaluations such as hardness and tensile tests were used to study the mechanical response of cold deformed and annealed samples. It was indicated that a variation in the recrystallization kinetics of the cold rolled aluminum strips takes place when the rolling path is altered from single to... 

In this present work, the softening behaviour of Cu-1·1 wt-%Al2O3 alloy containing nanometric alumina particles was investigated. Single pass equal channel angular pressing was first applied on cylindrical specimens, and then, the deformed samples were subjected to annealing treatments in the temperature range of 700-1000°C. Afterwards, finite element analysis, microstructural observations, Vickers hardness and shear punch testing were employed to study strain distribution as well as the recrystallisation behaviour of the examined alloy. It was found that the alloy is softened at 800°C or above, which shows its high thermal stability. Furthermore, a very fine completely recrystallised... 

The hot working behavior of a low carbon resulfurized free-cutting steel was studied by hot compression tests at temperature range of 1000-1200°C with strain rates of 0.001 to 1s-1. The conventional parameters such as activation energy of deformation and relationships between flow stress/strain and Zener-Hollomon parameter were determined. Both the critical stress and strain for initiation of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) were determined using: (1) strain hardening rate versus stress curve, (2) the natural logarithm of strain hardening rate versus strain curve, and (3) the constitutive equations. In summary, for low carbon resulfurized free - cutting steels, the activation energy of... 

Low carbon steel sheets are subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) via constrained groove pressing (CGP) up to five passes. As a result of this process, strain magnitude up to 5?8 is imposed to the sheets, which leads to grain size of 225 nm. These nanostructured steel sheets, due to their high dislocation density and ultrafine microstructure, are very sensitive to heating. In the present study, recovery, recrystallisation and ferrite to austenite phase transformation phenomena for the SPD steel are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry method. The results show that with increasing the strain in steel sheets, the deformed stored energy (released through recovery and... 

The hot deformation characteristics of 7075 aluminum alloy (AA7075) are investigated by means of hot compression tests carried out in the temperature range of 200-450 C and strain rate range of 0.0003-1 s-1. Two novel processing maps based on flow localization parameter and enhanced DMM are developed and compared with conventional DMM results. It is observed that processing maps based on flow localization parameter can be used successfully to predict AA7075 thermomechanical behavior. Also, the comparison of the DMM results indicates that the new approach to calculate DMM power dissipation efficiency and instability criteria corresponds better with experimental observations. The occurrence of... 

In this work, the effects of rolling parameters, cooling media, and deformation path on mechanical properties and aging behavior of hot-rolled AA2017 were studied. First, hot-rolling experiments were conducted under different working conditions, and the rolled strips were then aged at room temperature for up to 57 days during which hardness and tensile tests were carried out to record the changes in the mechanical properties of the alloy. Furthermore, due to the importance of static recrystallization on subsequent aging behavior, the rate of recrystallization was also computed. To this end, a mathematical model was developed to predict thermomechanical responses during hot rolling using the... 

Hot compression tests were carried out on a Fe-29Ni-17Co alloy in the temperature range of 900 °C to 1200 °C and at strain rates of 0.001-1 s-1. Dynamic recrystallization was found responsible for flow softening during hot compression. The flow behavior was successfully analyzed by the hyperbolic sine equation and the corresponding material constants A, n and α were determined. The value of apparent activation energy was determined as 423 kJ/mol. The peak and steady state strains showed simple power-law dependence on the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The dynamic recrystallization kinetics was analyzed using Avrami equation and the corresponding exponent was determined to be about 2.7. This... 

Microstructural changes in friction-stir welding (FSW) of artificially aged AA2017 were investigated. First, FSW was performed with rotational and linear speeds of 800 rpm and 40 mm/min, respectively. Then, microstructural studies by means of optical metallography and electron microscopy were conducted in different regions of the welded plates. Hardness testing was also employed to determine local strength and subsequent natural aging progress after welding. The results indicate that the considerable hardness degradation occurs in the thermo-mechanically affected zone owing to coarsening of semi-coherent precipitates. Grain refinement also takes place in the weld nugget as a result of... 

The hot working behavior of A286 was studied using hot compression tests over temperature range of 950-1100 °C and at strain rates of 0.001-1 s -1. The flow curves of the material over the studied temperatures and strain rates were typical of dynamic recrystallization. However, some points reflected a change in the mechanism of softening with the change of strain rate. The relation between flow stress, deformation temperature and strain rate was examined via power-law, hyperbolic sine and exponential constitutive equations and the hyperbolic sine function was found more appropriate. The peak strain increased with strain rate up to 0.01 s-1 and then unexpectedly decreased at higher strain... 

Thermo-mechanical responses, developed microstructure, and mechanical properties in friction stir welding (FSW) of artificially aged AA2017 plates were investigated. A finite element analysis was first employed to evaluate hot deformation behavior of the alloy during welding. Also, hardness, yield strength, and microstructure of the welded alloy were examined using the results of the model and experimental testing. It was found that strain and temperature fields during welding are asymmetrically distributed and the maximum temperature locates in advancing side. Furthermore, considerable grain refinement is observed in the stir zone where recrystallized grains in the range of 3 to 8 m are... 

In this work, hot tension tests were conducted on as cast and wrought samples of a high carbon high chromium tool steel to study the hot workability under the rolling conditions. The flow curves illustrate the classical shape of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). It is observed that broken carbide nets in the wrought samples result in lower deformation activation energy 398. kJ/mol in comparison to the as cast samples 432. kJ/mol. Necking strains were calculated using the inflection point of the work-hardening (θ) vs. stress curves. Wrought samples show higher hot ductility and lower maximum stress than the as cast ones. It is shown that lower activation energy of deformation and lower stress... 

In this article, the effects of hot rolling parameters on static recrystallization, mechanical properties, and final microstructures of a low carbon steel have been investigated. A numerical analysis was first employed to determine distributions of temperature, strain, and strain rate during hot rolling and then the predicted results were combined with the additivity rule together with Avrami equation to evaluate the progress of non-isothermal static recrystallization after hot rolling. In the next stage, hot rolling experiments have been performed under different rolling conditions to assess the effects of rolling layout on microstructures and mechanical properties of the rolled steel. The... 

In this work, softening kinetics after cold rolling has been simulated using a coupled finite element-cellular automata model. Firstly, a two-dimensional rigid plastic finite element analysis has been developed to assess strain field and the stored energy accumulation during cold rolling as well as the initial condition of the mesoscopic model. Then, the cellular automata scheme has been employed to calculate the progress of static recrystallization at a given temperature while a dislocation-base model was simultaneously utilized to consider the effect of recovery on static softening process and final microstructures. The model has been examined on isothermal annealing of cold rolled AA5052... 

The severely deformed aluminum sheets with strain of 2.32 were successfully joined by friction stir welding (FSW) process. Welding was carried out at various rotation speeds of 600, 800, and 1000. rpm at traveling speed of 200. mm/min corresponding to various revolution pitches of 0.33, 0.25, and 0.20. mm/r, respectively. In order to investigate the thermal stability of the joints, annealing was carried out at temperature of 200 °C for 1. h. Microstructure examinations revealed that severely deformed samples were quite unstable upon FSW process. However, during annealing it was found that in contrast to regions of heat affected zone (HAZ) and thermo mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) where... 

An ultrafine-grained Al6063/Al2 O3 (0.8vol.%, 25nm) nanocomposite was prepared via powder metallurgy route through reactive mechanical alloying and hot powder extrusion. Scanning electron microcopy, transmission electron microscopy, and back scattered electron diffraction analysis showed that the grain structure of the nanocomposite is trimodal and composed of nano-size grains (<0.1μm), ultrafine grains (0.1-1μm), and micron-size grains (>1μm) with random orientations. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite based on the strengthening-mechanism models revealed that the yield strength of the ultrafine-grained nanocomposite is mainly controlled by the high-angle grain... 

The microstructure evolutions of severely deformed aluminum sheets by Constrained Groove Pressing (CGP) after Friction Stir Welding (FSW) are investigated. To do so, the specimens are deformed in three different strains using CGP process which make different the initial microstructures. Then, the specimens are joined at various revolution pitches (traveling speed/rotation speed ratio) of 0.20, 0.25 and 0.33. mm/r. To understand the effect of initial strains on the properties of joints, the microhardness measurements and microstructure investigations of different areas from retreating to advancing sides of the joints are carried out. The results achieved from FSW of CGPed samples are compared...