Sharif Digital Repository

The bending performance of standard nanoplasmonic slot waveguides is substantially improved by reducing the leakage loss and reflection in a systematic way. The out-of-plane power leakage is suppressed by using square metallic patches above and below the bend. The in-plane power leakage is reduced by elimination of the asymmetry between the electrical length of the inner and outer corners of the bend. The unwanted reflection is decreased by changing the shape of the outer corner of the bend. The partial reflections caused by the indentations of the modified shape destructively interfere with each other and thereby decrease the unwanted back reflection  

An approximate and accurate enough multi-conductor transmission line model is developed for analysis of side-coupled metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides. MIM waveguides have been already modeled by single conductor transmission lines. Here, the side coupling effects that exist between neighboring plasmonic structures are taken into account by finding appropriate values for distributed mutual inductance and mutual capacitance between every two neighboring conductors in the conventional single-conductor transmission line models. In this manner, multi-conductor transmission line models are introduced. Closed-form expressions are given for the transmission and reflection of miscellaneous MIM... 

A coupled transmission line model whose parameters are analytically given is provided for fast and accurate analysis of miscellaneous plasmonic structures with metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) arrangement. The coupling of surface plasmons supported by the planar metal-dielectric interfaces is included in the proposed model and thereby the effects of the first non-principal mode of the MDM waveguide are considered. In particular, MDM bends, junctions, and stubs are studied. Using rigorous numerical solutions, e.g., the finite-element method and the finite-difference time-domain, it is shown that the proposed model is accurate in all those cases  

Upon incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the body, they are exposed to biological fluids, and their interaction with the dissolved biomolecules leads to the formation of the so-called protein corona on the surface of the NPs. The composition of the corona plays a crucial role in the biological fate of the NPs. While the effects of various physicochemical parameters on the composition of the corona have been explored in depth, the role of temperature upon its formation has received much less attention. In this work, we have probed the effect of temperature on the protein composition on the surface of a set of NPs with various surface chemistries and electric charges. Our results... 

In this paper a highly efficient optical diode is demonstrated in photonic crystal waveguides with broken spatial symmetry. The structure is made of isotropic linear materials and does not need high power optical beams or strong magnetic fields. While the proposed structure shows almost complete light transmission (>99%) in one direction, it blocks light transmission in the opposite direction. This unidirectional transmission is retained within a wide range of frequencies (>4% of central frequency). In order to achieve an optical diode effect, the optical mode of the waveguide is manipulated by designing an ultra-compact mode converter and an efficient mode filter. The dimensions of the... 

An easy-to-design single-stub nano-coupler is proposed to increase the direct coupling efficiency between metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic and high-index dielectric waveguides. The modal reflection and transmission from the junction are exploited to provide a circuit description for the structure. The return loss of direct coupling is then minimized by loading the MIM waveguide with a single stub. Numerical examples are given, and the accuracy of the model is examined via finite-difference time-domain method  

A simple yet accurate model for the analysis of coupling between arrayed plasmonic slot cavities and bus/drop metal-dielectric-metal waveguides is presented. The evanescent coupling region is replaced by a transmission line section whose propagation constant and characteristic impedance are given in closed form. The side coupling between the bus waveguide and the slot cavity is modeled together with the direct coupling between the slot cavity and the drop channel. The proposed model is validated by using rigorous numerical method, and is used to design a typical demultiplexer  

Amyloid beta fibrillation can lead to major disorder of neurons processes and is associated with several neuronal diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). We report here an importance of slight temperature changes, in the physiological range (35-42 °C), on the amyloid fibrillation process in the presence and absence of hydrophilic (silica) and hydrophobic (polystyrene) nanoparticles (NPs). The results highlight the fact that slight increases in temperature can induce inhibitory and acceleratory effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic NPs on the fibrillation process, respectively. Using further in vivo considerations, the outcomes of this study can be used for considerable modifications on the... 

We substitute different types of photonic crystal waveguide components by approximate transmission line circuits. The proposed distributed circuits exploit the analogy of wave propagation in photonic crystal waveguides and transmission lines. They are either cascaded to each other or inserted like stubs to imitate wave propagation within the photonic structure. Notable examples, e.g. coupled waveguide-cavity systems, sharp 90° bends, and T-junctions, are studied in detail. It is shown that analysis of the proposed circuits here can yield accurate enough results and thus substitute the brute-force numerical methods. The privilege of having analytical models is exploited to improve the... 

During the last decade, reports show that the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias have significantly increased. AD poses an enormous escalating threat to health services and resources. Early diagnosis of AD is recognized as one of the major challenges and primary aims in scientific communities. With the arrival of nanoscience and nanotechnology to medicine, hopes for early diagnosis and treatment of AD have considerably increased. To this end, nanobioresearchers are focused on three major areas consisting of early detection and recognition, biological markers and diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy. Several efforts are in progress for the discovery of new... 

Metal films with a periodic arrangement of cut-through slits are studied to show that artificial surface conductivity is created at the flat interface between the periodic slits and the cover/substrate. The presence of surface conductivity when the periodic structure is modeled by an effective refractive index can describe how non-specular higher diffracted orders affect the specular zeroth diffracted order. The magnitude of this surface conductivity is controlled geometrically. The artificial surface conductivity is pure imaginary and thus reactive if all non-specular orders are evanescent. This is usually the case in the low frequency regime. At higher working frequencies when some... 

A simple and efficient transmission line model is proposed here to study how the transmission characteristics of photonic crystal waveguides are tailored by introduction of stubs patterned in the photonic crystal lattice. It is shown that band-pass and band-stop optical filters can be easily designed and optimized when stubs of appropriate length are brought in. Since the lengths of the designed stubs are not necessarily integer multiples of the photonic crystal lattice constant, a geometric shift in a portion of the photonic crystal structure is shown to be essential. The proposed model is verified by using a rigorous numerical method. An excellent agreement is observed between the... 

Opposing trends of geometrical parameters in minimisation of bending loss and thus in maximising the quality factor are briefly discussed for micro-ring resonators. It is shown that, while the quality factor of low order modes is an oscillatory function of geometrical parameters, the quality factor of high order modes is a monotonic function. The former has discrete pairs of optimum inner and outer ring radii which maximises the quality factor. In contrast, the quality factor of the latter has no local maximum. Introduction of slight inhomogeneities does not change the overall behaviour of the quality factor but can increase its overall level when the refractive index of the ring region... 

Structures of tapered geometry are customarily used in a variety of applications. The analysis of such structures is usually made through finite element method using traditional beam, shell or brick elements. In this paper, a new tapered superelement is presented that lends itself to modeling revolving geometries under lateral, axial and torsional loads. The presented tapered superelement has 16 nodes. The performance of this element under static and dynamic loading and in rotating condition is examined. It is shown that this element yields accurate results with higher computational efficiency compared to conventional elements. Furthermore, it is verified that a single tapered superelement... 

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives have many advantages over other drives, i.e. high efficiency and high power density. Particularly, PMSMs are epoch-making and are intensively studied among researchers, scientists and engineers. This paper deals with a novel high performance controller based on genetic algorithm. The scheme allows the motor to be driven with maximum torque per ampere characteristic. In this paper assuming an appropriate fitness function, the optimum values for d-axis current of motor set points at each time are found and then applied to the controller. Simulation results show the successful operation of the proposed controller  

We introduce a new third generation of solar cell structure which inserts different-sized quantum dots in the active region of a pin structure. Generating an intermediate band in the bandgap of the host material makes a good overlap with a part of solar spectrum. The effect of the recombination mechanisms on efficiency and currentvoltage characteristics of this intermediate band solar cell is calculated. We deduce that the increase in recombination lifetime of the excited carriers can improve the characteristics of this structure. This result can be a route which helps us to take the effect on solar cell characteristics into consideration  

The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) control system has an important effect on operation of cell. Traditional controllers couldn't lead to acceptable responses because of time- change, long- hysteresis, uncertainty, strong- coupling and nonlinear characteristics of PEMFCs, so an intelligent or adaptive controller is needed. In this paper a neural network predictive controller have been designed to control the voltage of at the presence of fluctuations of temperature. The results of implementation of this designed NN Predictive controller on a dynamic electrochemical model of a small size 5 KW, PEM fuel cell have been simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK  

Thermal-sprayed MCrAlY coatings have become widespread in various industries such as power plants, aeronautics, and oil and gas firms. High-temperature oxidation behavior of these coatings is therefore of significance. Spraying of two prevalent MCrAlY powders (NiCoCrAlY and CoNiCrAlY) on Hastelloy substrate by high velocity oxygen and fuel method and exposing them to 1000 °C air for resolving of their cyclic oxidation behavior are presented in this paper. The coatings were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The obtained oxidation kinetic indicated that at 1000 °C, the thermally sprayed NiCoCrAlY coating has greater... 

Miniaturized systems based on the principles of microfluidics are widely used in various fields, such as biochemical and biomedical applications. Systematic design processes are demanded the proper use of these microfluidic devices based on mathematical simulations. Aggregated proteins (e.g., inclusion bodies) in solution with chaotropic agents (such as urea) at high concentration in combination with reducing agents are denatured. Refolding methods to achieve the native proteins from inclusion bodies of recombinant protein relying on denaturant dilution or dialysis approaches for suppressing protein aggregation is very important in the industrial field. In this paper, a modeling approach is... 

A rapid wax injection tool of a gearbox shift fork was designed, simulated, and manufactured using rapid prototyping and rapid tooling technology to save time and cost of producing wax models used for the investment casting process. CAE simulation softwares, in particular, MoldFlow, are used to get wax injection moulding parameters such as filling parameters, temperature profiles, freeze time, speed, and pressure. The results of this research were compared with conventional wax model production methods. The criteria of such comparison were based upon parameters such as time, cost, and other related characteristics, which resulted in saving of 50% in time and 60% in cost. In this research,...