Sharif Digital Repository

Asynchronous circuits have many advantages vs synchronous design styles like high performance and lower power consumption; however, there is a drawback of big overhead in handshake circuitry of these circuits. In this paper, we have reduced the amount of these extra circuits by take advantage of some compiler techniques. The compiler methods can be used innovatively to improve the synthesis results in terms of both power consumption and area, since these code motions lead to removing of completion detection and validity check parts of asynchronous designs. To the best of our knowledge this is the first effort in using the compiler pre-synthesis optimizations in asynchronous circuits to... 

Electroosmosis is the main mechanism for flow generation in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. The temperature rise due to the Joule heating phenomenon, associated with the electroosmosis, may be detrimental for samples being considered in LOCs. Hence, a complete understanding of the heat transfer physics associated with the electroosmotic flow is of high importance in design and active control of LOCs. The objective of the present study is to estimate the temperature rise and the thermal entry length in electroosmotic flow through rectangular microchannels, having potential applications in LOC devices. Along this line, the power-law rheological model is used to account for non-Newtonian behavior... 

The present study considers both the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flow in a microannulus. Analytical solutions are presented using the Debye-Hückel linearization along with the uniform Joule heating and negligible viscous dissipation assumptions, whereas exact results are achieved numerically. Here, the range of validity for the Debye-Hückel linearization is found to be about two times of that for a parallel plate microchannel. Accordingly, this linearization may successfully be used to evaluate the potential and velocity distributions up to the zeta potentials of 100 mV, provided that the dimensionless Debye-Hückel parameter is... 

This study presents a comprehensive investigation on hydrodynamic and thermal transport properties of mixed electroosmotically and pressure driven flow in microtubes. Particular emphasis is given to investigating the combined consequences of viscous dissipation, non-uniform Joule heating, and variable thermophysical properties. Analytical solutions are obtained using the Debye-Hückel linearization and constant fluid properties assumption, while a numerical solution is presented for variable fluid properties and non-uniform distribution of Joule heating. The results indicate that, viscous heating effect is pronounced significantly when a favorable pressure gradient exists and cannot be... 

In this paper, the fully developed electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in rectangular microchannels in the presence of pressure gradient is analyzed. The electrical potential and momentum equations are numerically solved through a finite difference procedure for a non-uniform grid. A complete parametric study reveals that the pressure effects are more pronounced at higher values of the channel aspect ratio and smaller values of the flow behavior index. The Poiseuille number is found to be an increasing function of the channel aspect ratio for pressure assisted flow and a decreasing function of this parameter for pressure opposed flow. It is also observed that the Poiseuille number is... 

In the present study, the thermal characteristics of electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in rectangular microchannels in the presence of pressure gradient are investigated. The governing equations for fully developed flow under H1 thermal boundary conditions are first made dimensionless and subsequently solved through a finite difference procedure for a non-uniform grid. The influence of the major parameters on thermal features of the flow such as the temperature distribution and Nusselt number is discussed by a complete parametric study. The results reveal that the channel aspect ratio and the non-Newtonian characteristic of the fluid can affect the thermal behavior of the flow. It is... 

Electroosmosis is the predominant mechanism for flow generation in lab-on-chip devices. Since most biofluids encountered in these devices are considered to be non-Newtonian, it is vital to study the flow characteristics of common non-Newtonian models under electroosmotic body force. In this paper, the hydrodynamically fully developed electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in rectangular microchannels is analyzed. The electrical potential and momentum equations are numerically solved through a finite difference procedure for a non-uniform grid. A thoroughgoing parametric study reveals that the Poiseuille number is an increasing function of the channel aspect ratio, the zeta potential, the... 

The proper design of the urban infrastructure is crucial to develop civilization in a developing area. While there are dozens of managerial suggestions to go along with the static aspects of components in urban infrastructure design, hardly any piece of advice may be found to ensure dynamic outcomes of the whole design in advance. In this paper, a novel system dynamics model is introduced and applied in this context as a contribution to fill the research gap. The modular nature of the model development helps to alleviate the challenge of simultaneous design of components and system, with the potential capability of both static and dynamic verification. It allows the decision aider to observe... 

The synthesis of 2-amino-3-aryl-5-substituted thiophenes as anti-inflammatory agents catalyzed by KF-Al2O3 under microwave irradiation is reported. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC  

Consideration is given to the buoyancy effects on the fully developed gaseous slip flow in a vertical rectangular microduct. Two different cases of the thermal boundary conditions are considered, namely uniform temperature at two facing duct walls with different temperatures and adiabatic other walls (case A) and uniform heat flux at two walls and uniform temperature at other walls (case B). The rarefaction effects are treated using the firstorder slip boundary conditions. By means of finite Fourier transform method, analytical solutions are obtained for the velocity and temperature distributions as well as the Poiseuille number. Furthermore, the threshold value of the mixed convection... 

Consideration is given to the buoyancy effects on fully developed gaseous slip flow in vertical microducts of constant but arbitrary geometry. The thermal boundary condition is assumed to be the constant wall heat flux of the first kind, H1. The rarefaction effects are treated using the first-order slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. The method of solution being considered, in which the governing equations in cylindrical coordinates and three of the boundary conditions are exactly satisfied, is mainly analytical. The remaining slip boundary conditions on the duct wall are applied to the solution through the least-squares matching method. As an application of the method,... 

The fully developed longitudinal slip-flow mixed convection between a periodic bunch of vertical microcylinders arrangedin regular arraysis investigated inthe present work. The two axially constant heat flux boundary conditions of H1 and H2 are considered in the analysis. The rarefaction effects are taken into consideration using first-order slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. The method considered is mainly analytical, in that the governing equations and three of the boundary conditions are exactly satisfied. The remaining symmetry condition on the right-hand boundary of the typical element is applied to the solution through the point-matching technique. The results... 

Adopting the Navier slip conditions, we analyze the fully developed electroosmotic flow in hydrophobic microducts of general cross section under the Debye-Hückel approximation. The method of analysis includes series solutions which their coefficients are obtained by applying the wall boundary conditions using the least-squares matching method. Although the procedure is general enough to be applied to almost any arbitrary cross section, eight microgeometries including trapezoidal, double-trapezoidal, isosceles triangular, rhombic, elliptical, semi-elliptical, rectangular, and isotropically etched profiles are selected for presentation. We find that the flow rate is a linear increasing... 

Semi-analytical solutions are obtained for the electrical potential, electroosmotic velocity, ionic conductance, and surface physicochemical properties associated with long pH-regulated nanochannels of arbitrary but constant cross-sectional area. The effects of electric double layer overlap, multiple ionic species, and surface association/dissociation reactions are all taken into account, assuming low surface potentials. The method of analysis includes series solutions which the pertinent coefficients are obtained by applying the wall boundary conditions using either of the least-squares or point matching techniques. Although the procedure is general enough to be applied to almost any... 

Infinite series solutions are obtained for electrical potential, electroosmotic velocity, ionic conductance, and surface physicochemical properties of long pH-regulated rectangular nanochannels of low surface potential utilizing the double finite Fourier transform method. Closed form expressions are also obtained for channels of large height to width ratio for which the depthwise variations vanish. Neglecting the Stern layer impact, the effects of EDL (Electric Double Layer) overlap, multiple ionic species, and association/dissociation reactions on the surface are all taken into account. Moreover, finite-element-based numerical simulations are conducted to account for the end effects as well... 

The dispersion of a neutral solute band by electrokinetic flow in polyelectrolyte layer (PEL)-grafted rectangular/slit microchannels is theoretically studied. The flow is assumed to be both steady and fully developed and a first-order irreversible reaction is considered at the wall to account for probable surface adsorption of solutes. Considering low electric potentials, analytical solutions are obtained for electric potential, fluid velocity and solute concentration. Special solutions are also obtained for the case without wall adsorption. To track the dispersion properties of the solute band, the generalized dispersion model is adopted by considering the exchange, the convection and the... 

In this paper we report experimental results for the performance and rate of heat transfer in copper tubes in solar water heaters with thermosyphonic flow in continuation of experimental data reported in previous publications (Solar Energy, 2003, vol. 74, pp. 441-445, and Energy Sources, 1997, vol. 19, pp. 147-152). We also show a comparison between performances of three kinds of tubes: copper, polypropylene and steel under similar conditions. An analytical relation for calculation of rate of heat transfer in copper tubes is also presented in terms of Nusselt versus Reynolds and Prantdl numbers. A comparison of experimental data showed that performance of copper tubes is slightly better than... 

The aim of this study was to develop a predictive method for heat transfer coefficients in solar water heaters and their performance evaluation of such heaters with different materials used as heat collectors. Two approaches have been used: conventional method and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the performance of solar water heaters and to compare these two approaches. This performance is measured in terms of outlet temperature by using a set of conventional feed forward multi-layer neural networks. The actual experimental data which were used as our network's input gathered from published literature (for polypropylene tubes) and from the experiments carried out recently using... 

The biomicrofluidic devices utilizing electrophoresis for sample manipulation are usually encountered with non-Newtonian behavior of working fluids. Hence, developing theoretical models capable of predicting the electrophoretic velocity of colloidal particles in non-Newtonian fluids is of high importance for accurate design and active control of these devices. The present investigation is dealing with the electrophoresis of a spherical particle in a biofluid obeying the Quemada rheological model. The sphere radius is considered to be significantly larger than the Debye length. Moreover, it is assumed that the particle zeta potential is small so that the Debye-Hückel linearization is... 

KF-Al2O3 catalyzes the reaction of arylthioacetamides with α-bromo, ketones to give fully substituted new indeno- and naphtho- fused thiophenes with good yields under solvent-free conditions by controlled microwave heating. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction course. © 2007 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd