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Water-Based Drilling Fluid Design Considering Thermal Stability by Nano Material and Evaluation Filtration Loss, and Shale Swelling Criteria for Usage in very Deep Drilling
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Goodarznia, Iraj (Supervisor) ; Ramazani, Ahmad (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
The aim of this project is designing Suitable drilling fluid applicable in deep drilling. This aim will be reached by adding a temperature-resistant polymers or nanomaterials in water-based drilling fluid, Rheological properties of drilling fluid checked. Stability of rheological properties of drilling fluids not constant in HT state. Chain of cause and effect will happen, While the temperature increases, the viscosity and yield point of the fluids decreases. cuttings transportation and removal efficiency will be decreased due to reduction in yield point and viscosity. Evaluation of The effect of these cases conclude that these effects will also impact on filtration loss. The reason is that...
Experimental Study of Nano-bio Material Injection for Heavy Oil Recovery in Shaly Systems Using Micro-model Apparatus
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Vossoughi, Manouchehr (Supervisor) ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
In this research we aim to find enhance oil recovery mechanisms involved in nano-bio material injection by micro model apparatus which has not been studied before. Especially for injection in heavy oil and shaly porous media that forms most of heavy oil reservoirs. To this end, microscopic images from injection of nano-bio materials to shaly patterns have been taken and analyzed to find the process mechanism. Also amount of enhance oil recovery in different conditions like type of microbe forming bio material, nano-bio material concentration and type of flow pattern (shale characteristics including length, direction and distance from injection and production wells) will be studied.Three...
Design and Characterization of Silica based Mud for Shale Drilling
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ramezani Saadat Abadi, Ahmad (Supervisor) ; Jamshidi, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
Constant drilling in the shale formation causes many problems such as shale swelling and well instability. Annually many costs are spent dealing with these problems in the drilling industry. Many factors can affect this issue. The most important factor is the type of drilling fluid and its additives. The use of oil-based mud is the best option to deal with the clays instability but, due to environmental problems resulting from OBM, their use has been banned in most parts of the world. Therefore, the water-based mud is the only option for the oil industry that can modify its property by use of additives. In this study, the muds contain Nano silica have been introduced. Silicate as shale...
The Effect of Increasing The Value of Natural Gas Production on Property Value, Wages, Unemployment Rate and Birth Rate in The United States of America (2000-2011)
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rahmati, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of increasing the value of shale gas production, either due to increased production or price increases, have been studied on economic variables such as employment, wage, property value and the number of births. In this regard, the data for each of these variables was used at the county level in the United States of America between 2000 and 2011. In order to estimate the desired effects, counties are divided into two types of boom and non-boom counties. The findings indicate that increasing natural gas production will lead to more employment and wage growth in boom counties than non-boom counties. Also, during the period of increasing production, the value of...
Numerical Solution for Governing Equations of Borehole Shale Structure Stability
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Razvan, Mohammad Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this thesis we employ finite elements and conjugate gradient methods to exibit a numerical solution for governing equations of borehole stability
Modeling of Wellbore Stability in Shales including Proelsatic, Chemical and Thermal Effects
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghotbi, Sirous (Supervisor) ; Pishvaie, Mahmoud Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Wellbore instability is one of the serious problems during drilling. This can cause delay in drilling, increasing drilling costs and in some cases well abandonment. The present project investigates the effects of non- isothermal drilling and the difference in salt concentration between formation fluid and drilling fluid on the stability of wellbores drilled in the saturated porous shale formations subjected to an arbitrary stress field. This project also focuses on the analysis of wellbore stability in shale formations in which the thermal diffusivity is higher than fluid invasion and the mechanism of heat transfer is dominated by conduction. The governing equations used in this dissertation...
Relative permeability and capillary pressure curves for low salinity water flooding in sandstone rocks
, Article Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering ; Volume 25 , July , 2015 , Pages 30-38 ; 18755100 (ISSN) ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Masihi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier
2015
Abstract
Recently much attention has been paid to the use of low salinity water (LSW) as an enhanced oil recovery fluid. The change observed in recovery factor during LSW flooding is induced from changes in relative permeability and capillary pressure when different levels of salinity are used. However, a few researchers tried to evaluate how macroscopic flow functions depend on the salinity of the injected water. To this end, a series of oil displacement by water was performed on a sandstone rock aged with crude oil in the presence of connate water. The capillary pressure and relative permeability curves are evaluated from inverse modeling of the obtained pressure drop and oil production data. Then,...
Experimental investigation of CO2 WAG injection to light crude oil in near miscible conditions
, Article 74th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2012 Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2012: Responsibly Securing Natural Resources, 4 June 2012 through 7 June 2012 ; 2012 , Pages 3914-3918 ; 9781629937908 (ISBN) ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Masihi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE
2012
Abstract
This work concerns with experimental investigation of CO2 WAG injection to light crude oil in near miscible conditions which has been rarely attended in the available literature. Here, several core flood experiments at three constant injection rates and four WAG ratios are conducted on sandstone rocks saturated with light crude oil in presence of saline water. The results showed that higher injection rate has a better performance regarding oil recovery for smaller PVs of injected fluids, while lower injection rate showed higher ultimate recovery for a 30% increase in injected PVs. Secondary continuous gas injection showed a superior performance than all the other WAG injections in different...
Performance of near-miscible simultaneous water and CO2 injection for oil recovery in secondary and tertiary modes
, Article 76th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2014: Experience the Energy - Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2014 ; Nov , 2014 , p. 1007-1011 ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Taghikhani, V ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Simultaneous water and CO2 injection has been performed on a sandstone core to evaluate oil recovery under the secondary and tertiary near-miscible injection modes. It is demonstrated that secondary SWACO2 injection as well as tertiary flood is an effective method for the oil/residual oil recovery from oil saturated/water-flooded porous media. In the secondary SWACO2 injection, the ultimate oil recovery increases by increasing SWAG ratio from 0.2 to 0.4 but due to some limits, e.g. topological effects, prohibiting contacting of injected gas with residual oil in pores, altering SWAG ratio from 0.4 to 0.6 showed no effect on ultimate oil recovery. Secondary SWACO2 injection can recover higher...
Experimental investigation of asp flooding in fractured heavy oil five-spot systems
, Article 74th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2012 Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2012: Responsibly Securing Natural Resources, 4 June 2012 through 7 June 2012 ; 2012 , Pages 3924-3928 ; 9781629937908 (ISBN) ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Masihi, M ; Rashtchian, D ; Sharif University of Technology
European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE
2012
Abstract
Although alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding is proved to be efficient for oil recovery from heavy oil reservoirs, the displacements mechanism/efficiency of this process in fractured systems needs to more discussion, especially in five-spot patterns. In this work, several ASP flooding test were performed on fractured micromodels which were initially saturated with heavy oil at constant flow rate and different fracture geometrical characteristics conditions. The ASP solutions are constituted from 5 polymers i.e. four synthetic polymers include three hydrolyzed polyacrylamide with different molecular weight as well as a non-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and a biopolymer, 2 surfactants i.e. a...
The Effects of Various Parameters on Wellbore Stability During Drilling Through Shale Formations
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 33, Issue 12 , 2015 , Pages 1275-1285 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Ghotbi, C ; Pishvaie, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Inc
2015
Abstract
Field evidence indicates that the thermal and chemical regimes in wellbore considerably affect the wellbore stability. This study presents a general coupled model for transport of solute, solvent and heat including their combined effects on the wellbore stability. Optimization of drilling fluid parameters is crucial for wellbore stability analysis particularly in high pressure-high temperature environments. The coupled effects of chemical potential and temperature gradients on fluid flow significantly change the pore pressure and stress around a borehole. The effects of various parameters such as mud weight, solute concentration gradient, shale properties, and temperature gradient on...
Evolution of pore-scale morphology of oil shale during pyrolysis: a quantitative analysis
, Article Transport in Porous Media ; Volume 119, Issue 1 , 2017 , Pages 143-162 ; 01693913 (ISSN) ; Baychev, T. G ; Ayatollahi, S ; Jivkov, A. P ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Changes of morphological parameters of oil shale under thermal conditions are investigated. Analyses are based on 26 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of Green River immature shale rock available under creative commons license. Several image processing and characterization algorithms are applied to sequential high-resolution micro-CT images of oil shale samples undergoing pyrolysis. Pore-scale morphology is extracted and quantified, providing results for pore size, throat size, grain size, specific surface, coordination number, and fracture aperture. The results demonstrate critical increases of porosity, coordination number and fracture aperture in the temperature range from 390...
Monitoring the influence of dispersed nano-particles on oil-water relative permeability hysteresis
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Vol. 124, issue , December , 2014 , p. 222-231 ; ISSN: 09204105 ; Masihi, M ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In recent years, polysilicon nanoparticles are used to enhance the oil recovery through the water injection process in oilfields. The contributing mechanisms are the reduction of interfacial tension and wettability alteration which lead to improving or decreasing the oil phase relative permeability and can be traced by change of relative permeability curves. However, profound understanding of the effect of dispersed nano-silica particles on the hysteretic behavior of relative permeability curves remains a controversy topic in the literature.The current study illustrates the influence of dispersed silica particles on hysteretic trend of two-phase curves of oil-water relative permeability....
Experimental investigation of near miscibility effect on relative permeability curves
, Article 74th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2012 Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2012: Responsibly Securing Natural Resources, 4 June 2012 through 7 June 2012 ; June , 2012 , Pages 5469-5474 ; 9781629937908 (ISBN) ; Masihi, M ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE
2012
Abstract
The requirement of reliable relative permeability data is more intensified when the miscibility condition approaches. In this work the relative permeability of CO2 and oil has been measured at different miscibility conditions using conventional methods. Fractured dolomite and sandstone core plugs samples were used in the experiments. Due to some errorful assumptions of conventional methods such as immiscible, incompressible displacement, inverse modeling was used for predicting the reliable relative permeability of oil and gas phases at near miscible condition from measured oil production and pressure drop data. The initial guesses of relative permeabilities were provided from conventional...
Optimization of the WAG injection process
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 33, Issue 3 , Jan , 2015 , Pages 294-301 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Alizadeh, A ; Ghazanfari, M ; Alizadeh, N ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Inc
2015
Abstract
Availability of hydrocarbon gases at the field makes it attractive for gas-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods such as water alternating gas (WAG) injection. Optimization of EOR methods requires too many simulation runs, which are time consuming and expensive. Therefore, developing a proxy model, which emulates simulator outputs, is considered as an appropriate alternative technique. In this work, effects of composition changes of injection gas, WAG ratio, and slug size on produced oil and water were investigated. In addition, the optimum value of the previous parameters, including some constraints, are presented using response surface methodology. Experimental design is also applied...
Evaluation of interfacial mass transfer coefficient as a function of temperature and pressure in carbon dioxide/normal alkane systems
, Article Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung ; Volume 51, Issue 4 , April , 2015 , Pages 477-485 ; 09477411 (ISSN) ; Keshavarz, P ; Ayatollahi, S ; Raoofi Jahromi, I ; Zolghadr, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Verlag
2015
Abstract
CO2 gas injection is known as one of the most popular enhanced oil recovery techniques for light and medium oil reservoirs, therefore providing an acceptable mass transfer mechanism for CO2–oil systems seems necessary. In this study, interfacial mass transfer coefficient has been evaluated for CO2–normal heptane and CO2–normal hexadecane systems using equilibrium and dynamic interfacial tension data, which have been measured using the pendant drop method. Interface mass transfer coefficient has been calculated as a function of temperature and pressure in the range of 313–393 K and 1.7–8.6 MPa, respectively. The results showed that the interfacial resistance is a parameter that can control...
Comparison and modification of models in production of biosurfactant for Paenibacillus alvei and Bacillus mycoides and its effect on MEOR efficiency
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 128 , April , 2015 , Pages 177-183 ; 09204105 (ISSN) ; Roostaazad, R ; Soleimani, M ; Arabian, D ; Moazed, M. T ; Rahimpour, M. R ; Mazinani, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier
2015
Abstract
Biosurfactant production from two indigenous consortia has already been investigated in two previous studies. In this study, comparison and modification of those models for having as much biosurfactant as possible was conducted. After characterization of bacteria by biochemical tests and 16S ribotyping, a fully modification on the final models was presented. Response surface methodology has the ability to investigate the liability of the parameters and models by the help of Desirability mode and R2 coefficient in Design Expert software. Our models in the previous works follow the style of (y=f(A,B,. . .)) and two Desirability of 0.968 and 0.996 for Paenibacillus alvei ARN63 and Bacillus...
N-way partial least squares with variable importance in projection combined to GC×GC-TOFMS as a reliable tool for toxicity identification of fresh and weathered crude oils
, Article Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ; Volume 407, Issue 1 , January , 2015 , Pages 285-295 ; 16182642 (ISSN) ; Parastar, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Verlag
2015
Abstract
In this study, N-way partial least squares (NPLS) is proposed to correlate comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GCTOFMS) data of different aromatic oil fractions (fresh and weathered) to their toxicity values. Before NPLS modeling, since drift and wander of baseline interfere with information of sought analytes in GC×GC-TOFMS data, a novel method called two-dimensional asymmetric least squares is thus developed for comprehensive correction of the baseline contributions in both chromatographic dimensions. The algorithmis termed comprehensive because it functions to correct the entire chromatogram in both dimensions and it preserves the...
The simulation of microbial enhanced oil recovery by using a two-layer perceptron neural network
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Vol. 32, Issue. 22 , 2014 , pp. 2700-2707 ; ISSN: 10916466 ; Torkaman, M ; Sedaghat, M. H ; Ghazanfari M.H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The authors simulated a reservoir by using two-layer perceptron. Indeed a model was developed to simulate the increase in oil recovery caused by bacteria injection into an oil reservoir. This model was affected by reservoir temperature and amount of water injected into the reservoir for enhancing oil recovery. Comparing experimental and simulation results and also the erratic trend of data show that the neural networks have modeled this system properly. Considering the effects of nonlinear factors and their erratic and unknown impacts on recovered oil, the perceptron neural network can develop a proper model for oil recovery factor in various conditions. The neural networks have not been...
Monitoring the effect of discontinuous shales on the surfactant flooding performance in heavy oil reservoirs using 2D glass micromodels
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Vol. 32, issue. 12 , Apr , 2014 , p. 1404-1417 ; ISSN: 10916466 ; Kharrat, R ; Masihi, M ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Saidian, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Although most heavy oil reservoirs contain discontinuous shaly structures, there is a lack of fundamental understanding how the shaly structures affect the oil recovery efficiency, especially during surfactant flooding to heavy oils. Here, an experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of discontinuous shales on performance of surfactant flooding by introducing heterogeneities to represent streaks of shale in five-spot glass micromodels. Results show that oil recovery in presence of shale streak is lower than in its absence. Based on the authors' observations, the presence of flow barriers causes premature breakthrough of injected fluids and also an unstable displacement front. As...