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Design and Fabrication of Humidifier-Dehumidifier with Bubble Column Method and Heat Recovery
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moosavi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
In present Thesis, the HDH desalination system has designed and fabricated based on three different functions. Two-stage bubble column humidification-dehumidification system, heat recovery converter, and the elimination of the cooling system are among the innovations of this study.Also, the desalination system is processed and controlled by a control system based on the Python language. The experiment is designed for three different systems based on the three different functions, different maximum temperatures and different mass ratios of water to air have been taken into account. Essential parameters of HDH systems have been analyzed in this study. The experimental results have pointed out...
Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Multiple Effect Active Solar Stills
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Roostaazad, Reza (Supervisor) ; Jafarpur, Khosrow (Co-Advisor) ; Maghsoodi, Vida (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Energy and environmental crises force different countries to consider new clean sources of energy, especially renewable energies. Fortunately, Iran is located on the solar belt and has a great potential to utilize this huge source of clean, sustainable, accessible and cheap energy. One of the applications of the solar energy is desalination of salty and polluted waters. In this regard, the performance of Multiple Active Solar Stills is investigated in this research. To do so, four similar samples of this device with one, two, three and four stages, were constructed on which many experiments were conducted for 24 hours periods. Experiments were conducted in both continuous (several days) and...
Modeling and Experimental Investigation of a solar Hybrid System to Produce Freshwater from Waste Heat of Photovoltaic Module by Using Thermosyphon heat pipes with different Configurations
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Behshad Shafii, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Roshandel, Ramin (Supervisor)
Abstract
With regard to an increasing world population and the constant capacity of water resources, new and valid methods should be implemented to preserve freshwater resources and accordingly produce drinking water. In the present study, a solar hybrid system was studied by experimental and theoretical means to facilitate the transformation of waste heat from photovoltaic module (PV module) into useful heat that can be used in a solar desalination (SD) system for freshwater production purposes. The study aimed to fabricate a SD system by using both PV module and thermosyphon heat pipes (THPs) technologies in a single system. In the modeling section, the goal is to present a comprehensive model...
Experimental Investigation of Double Wall Solar Still
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shafii, Mohammad Behshad (Supervisor) ; Sadrhosseini, Hani (Supervisor)
Abstract
Salt water is desalinated to produce fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. Most of desalination methods require consuming large amounts of fossil fuels. Solar distillation is one of the best techniques from another available techniques for desalinating in small-scale brackish water. The main problem of these systems is the low rate of water production.Single basin solar still is a very simple solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. This device can be fabricated easily with locally available materials. The maintenance is also cheap and no skilled labor is required. It can be a suitable solution to solve drinking water problem....
Design and Fabrication of a Solar Still Equipped with Latent Heat Storage System and Heat Pipes
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shafii, Mohammad Behshad (Supervisor)Modeling and Conceptual Design of Solar Water Desalination System with Ground Condenser
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemzadeh Hannani, Siamak (Supervisor) ; Hakkaki Fard, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Providing fresh water for domestic and agricultural purposes has become one of the most pressing issues of the present century. Due to the dependency of conventional desalination on fossil fuels, these methods are associated with carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, renewable energy-based desalination systems have come to the fore. This study scrutinizes the performance of the solar Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems with subsurface condensers. In this system, solar energy evaporates water, and subsurface condensers condense water vapor into fresh water. Therefore, this system uses two renewable solar and geothermal energy. Due to the lack of...
Experimental Study of Solar Still with Heat Pipes Using Phase Change Material
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sadrhosseini, Hani (Supervisor) ; Shafii, Mohammad Behshad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Solar distillation is a comparatively easy treatment of brackish (i.e. contain dissolved salts) water supplies. Distillation is a well-known process, which may be used for water filtration utilizing heating sources. In this research, the solar distillation set with heat-pipes was made and tested in 18 months.At the first step, during four days, the pipes were filled with some water to certain height every day while temperature and produced water were estimated. At the second step, the vacuum pipes were filled with some oil and tested for 4 different heights within 4 days; and in final steps, aluminum chips, washing wire and metal foam were shaded into the tank then tested by an optimum water...
Latent Heat Energy Vapor Storage in Phase Change Materials in Solar Stills
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rajabi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Shafie, Mohammad Behshad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Providing fresh water, ending fossil fuels, using renewable energy and achieving a clean biological environment in different parts of the world especially in Iran beside having access to many saline water sources, Shows the need for research in the field of solar still desalination. The goal of current study is to increase the performance of the solar still system through the use of an energy storage system and an additional condenser. Adding an additional condenser to a conventional solar still lead to an increase in the rate of evaporation and consequently increase the production of the system. Also, by collecting distilled water from the sidewalls, the amount of water produced...
On the Performance of the Geothermal Dehumidifier of the Solar-Driven Hdh Desalination System: a Numerical Study
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hakkakifard, Ali (Supervisor) ; Kazemzadeh Hannani, Siamak (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
The solar-driven humidification-dehumidification desalination system with a geothermal dehumidifier (SD-HDH-GD) has been given special attention, for producing drinking water and subsurface irrigation applications. This contribution scrutinizes the performance of the geothermal dehumidifier of the SD-HDH-GD system. To this aim, a comprehensive three-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics model of the geothermal dehumidifier and the surrounding soil is developed. An experimental setup is established to verify the developed numerical model. At first, the performance of the system in a short-term period of 12 hours is investigated, and the effect of several operation parameters is...
Design, Manufacture, and Investigation of the Desalination System Using Direct Absorption Solar Collector with Organic Colloids and External Condenser
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shafii, Mohammad Behshad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The use of nanofluids for direct absorption of solar irradiance to produce freshwater has received much attention. Water-based nanofluids include metals, metal oxides, and nanocarbon-based fluids, which increase collector efficiency. On the other hand, the production cost of nanofluids is high, and when discharging the brine after the desalination process, these nanofluids cause environmental issues. Therefore, water-based organic colloids of coffee, walnut shell, black tea, and madder have been studied to overcome these problems. To accurately measure the behavior of colloids, laboratory single slope solar still was used in laboratory conditions. Also, two single slope solar stills with the...
Theoretical and experimental study of cascade solar stills
, Article Solar Energy ; Volume 90 , April , 2013 , Pages 205-211 ; 0038092X (ISSN) ; Sharak, A. Z ; Moghadam, H ; Tabrizi, F. F ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Most part of Iran is dominated by arid and semi-arid areas due to low annual rainfall. The need for production of fresh water from brackish water is considerably high, especially in dry regions. In this study 1 month daily-based experimental data from a solar still site has been reported. The technical and operational problems of this site which finally contributed to the total cease of the site are described. Then a detailed analysis is investigated on progress of a prototype which constructed in order to solve the site's problems. The results of 1 month of experimental data of the final design showed that the last prototype could be used to solve the current problems of the site. The...
Productivity enhancement of solar stills by nano-coating of condensing surface
, Article Desalination ; Volume 454 , 2019 , Pages 1-9 ; 00119164 (ISSN) ; Soltani Goharrizi, A ; Ayatollahi, S ; Feilizadeh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2019
Abstract
Wettability is one of the most important factors which significantly influences solar still efficiency. Moreover, it determines the condensation mode, i.e., filmwise or dropwise condensation. In the present study, materials with different wettability were applied as the condensing surface to evaluate the effect of wettability on the distillate production of a single slope solar still. To compare the effects of dropwise and filmwise condensation on the condensate yield, the wettability of the condensing surface was changed by applying a nano-silicon solution according to a dip coating technique. All the experiments were conducted at three surface inclination angles. The results revealed that...
Nano-coated condensation surfaces enhanced the productivity of the single-slope solar still by changing the condensation mechanism
, Article Journal of Cleaner Production ; Volume 265 , 2020 ; Soltani Goharrizi, A ; Ayatollahi, S ; Feilizadeh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2020
Abstract
Solar stills are considered an environmentally friendly technique to produce fresh water. The condensation surface plays an essential role in controlling the efficiency of the solar still. This main parameter is critically affected by the wettability of the condensation surface that affects the condensation mechanism, namely drop-wise or film-wise condensation. This study aims to enhance the efficiency of solar stills by altering the surface wettability hence changing the condensation mechanism using nanomaterials. In this experimental work, different condensation surfaces were coated by silicone nanoparticles to change the condensation mechanism from film to dropwise. Scanning electron...
Efficiency improvement of solar stills through wettability alteration of the condensation surface: An experimental study
, Article Applied Energy ; Volume 268 , 2020 ; Soltani Goharrizi, A ; Ayatollahi, S ; Feilizadeh, M ; Dashti, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2020
Abstract
The condensation process is of great importance in many heat transfer devices in which a large amount of energy must be transferred. Furthermore, condensation is a crucial part of energy conversion and affects the energy efficiency of thermal desalination plants and solar stills. During the condensation process in solar stills, an essential part of the energy is transferred through the condensation surface to produce fresh water. Therefore, the condensation surface plays a significant role in the working efficiency of solar stills. The wettability of the condensation surface influences the condensation mechanism, which, in turn, affects the efficiency of solar stills. This study aims to...
A thorough investigation of the effects of water depth on the performance of active solar stills
, Article Desalination ; Vol. 347 , 2014 , Pages 77-85 ; ISSN: 00119164 ; Taghvaei, H ; Jafarpur, K ; Karimi Estahbanati, M. R ; Feilizadeh, M ; Feilizadeh, M ; Seddigh Ardekani, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
One of the most important operating parameters which affects the performance and efficiency of active solar stills is brine depth. In all of the previous experimental or theoretical studies, effects of water depth were investigated during only the first 24-hour period (or even shorter periods) of the operation of active solar stills. In other words, only the first day was taken into account. However, the production of an active solar still depends on several parameters such as brine temperature at sunrise (initial temperature), which are all affected by the depth variation after the first day of operation. However, the present research experimentally investigates the long-term effects of...
Experimental investigation of the effect of solar collecting area on the performance of active solar stills with different brine depths
, Article Desalination ; Volume 358 , 2015 , Pages 76-83 ; 00119164 (ISSN) ; Taghvaei, H ; Jafarpur, K ; Feilizadeh, M ; Karimi Estahbanati, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Solar collecting area is one of the most important operating parameters of active solar stills. No experimental work has been performed to investigate the effect of this parameter to date. Furthermore in all of previous theoretical studies the effect of solar collecting area was examined during only the first 24-hour period of the operation of stills with one specified brine depth. However the present work experimentally studies the long-term simultaneous effects of collector area and brine depth on the performance of active solar stills. For this purpose four parallel active solar stills with different collector areas were fabricated and experiments were conducted for 5 consecutive days...
Experimental investigation of a novel passive solar still with additional condensation on sidewalls
, Article Desalination and Water Treatment ; Volume 89 , 2017 , Pages 29-35 ; 19443994 (ISSN) ; Favakeh, A ; Faegh, M ; Sadrhosseini, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In common solar stills, a portion of the produced vapor undesirably condenses on the sidewalls and runs down to be mixed with saline water in the basin. This results in lower distillate output of the system. The aim of this study was to improve the condensation process of a solar still without complicating its structure to collect the water condensed on sidewalls. The proposed solar still was made of two containers nested one inside the other such that the smaller container, containing saline water, fitted easily into the larger container. There was a thin gap between the two in which condensed liquid on sidewalls, ran down and was collected from the bottom of the larger container. The...
Distilled water production with combination of solar still and thermosyphon heat pipe heat exchanger coupled with indirect water bath heater – Experimental study and thermoeconomic analysis
, Article Applied Thermal Engineering ; Volume 176 , 2020 ; Kargarsharifabad, H ; Rahbar, N ; Shafii, M. B ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2020
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide a solution for supplying distilled water used in indirect water bath heaters in the pressure reduction stations. A particular type of distilled water production system consists of a typical solar still and a heat pipe heat exchanger was constructed for recovering heat from the exhaust of an indirect gas heater. The system was tested under the climatic conditions of Semnan-Iran. Experimental results showed that in active type, the average daily production rate of distilled water would be 2.06 times higher than passive type. Also, in the proposed system, the average daily energy efficiency and the exergy efficiency would be 65.5% and 41% higher than the...
A novel energy storage system for latent heat recovery in solar still using phase change material and pulsating heat pipe
, Article Renewable Energy ; Volume 163 , 2021 , Pages 2115-2127 ; 09601481 (ISSN) ; Rajabi Ghahnavieh, A ; Shafii, M. B ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
In this study, a latent heat storage unit and built-in condenser were integrated with a solar still. Storage of dissipated latent heat of vapor during the day and using it after sunset prolongs system operation. During the day, the entire solar radiation was consumed to heat the saline water and only the heat coming from the condensation of vapor was stored in the phase change material (PCM). The dissipated heat from the condenser body was transferred to the PCM and stored. Additionally, the existence of PCM on the outer surfaces of the condenser prevented the rise of condenser wall temperature during the day and kept the condenser temperature low. After sunset, the heat stored in the PCM...
Experimental investigation of a multi-effect active solar still: The effect of the number of stages
, Article Applied Energy ; Volume 137 , 2015 , Pages 46-55 ; 03062619 (ISSN) ; Feilizadeh, M ; Jafarpur, K ; Feilizadeh, M ; Rahimpour, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2015
Abstract
In this work, the effect of the number of stages on the productivity of a multi-effect active solar still was experimentally investigated for the first time. Moreover, system performances in continuous and non-continuous modes were compared. For this purpose, indoor experiments were conducted on 4 similar solar still devices with different stages (1-4 stages) in order to accurately control the environmental conditions. In addition, water production was hourly measured during the whole 24-h experiment. The results show that with increased number of stages, distillate production can be predicted with a quadratic function. Moreover, adding a maximum of 6 and 10 additional stages can...