Sharif Digital Repository

The purpose of this research is to study the behavior of some kind of conventional and retrofitted Khorjini connections, such as stress and strain concentration and eventually strain-jumping phenomenon. Thus the software ABAQUS 2019 was used to fabricate the FEM models of the connections with experimental prototypes. In analytical studies, 21 specimens with different sizes of the connection components were analyzed. True stress-strain curves for steel and weld materials were used and damage initiation and revolution were considered in the weld material. Also cracking of the welds was considered by a micromechanical method. The main defects of the connection are severe initial stiffness... 

The present study deals with the analysis of Atomic Microscope with crack by making use of Strain Gradient Elasticity theory. Empirical observations represent that in micro dimensions, materials show behaviors, which the classic continuum mechanics theories are not able to explain. Thus, taking advantage of non-classic theories, which are capable of explaining such phenomena or behaviors in analyzing materials in micro dimensions seems necessary and of much significance. In this direction, by applying an Euler-Bernoulli beam assumption and neglecting the shear effects, governing equations and boundary conditions of the problem were obtained via taking advantage of variations in Hamilton... 

In this thesis the elastic energy of plates is computed. Primarily, some physical related concepts such as stress, strain and strain energy density are defined. Then based on rigidity estimate theorem, the gradient map on bounded Lipschitz domains is approximated by a constant rotation map R.Thanks to this approximation theorem,we prove the precompactness of sequences of finite bending energy, and the limiting energy of two dimensional thin plates is shown to be an elastic energy. This limit innovation is called Γ –convergence introduced in 1993. It will indeed be revealed that the induced elastic energy of a deformable body is the limit of the sequence of stored energy of body under... 

Structures face various loadings and confront different circumstances as they are built and used. This situation causes the aging structures to deteriorate, which would lead to a decrease in reliability and safety. In the recent decades, the need for systems to assure the integrity of structures in terms of their age, usage and level of safety when experiencing infrequent and extreme forces such as earthquakes, tornados, hurricanes, large waves has deeply been recognized. These systems are often referred to as structural health monitoring (SHM) in the literature. The main objective of such system is to increase reliable operating lifetime. In the case of offshore structures, utilizing... 

In this project, by using the image processing method, the strain rate in the deformed sheets is measured, and then compared with experimental results. Scratches are first drawn on the surface of the sheet. After the deformation, photographs of the surface are taken, by using image processing method as well as the use of special techniques, the strain is obtained fast with accurately. By determining the strain, tension will also be achieved through Levy Mises relations. In this project, by using this method, the strain is calculated on surfaces with simple geometry, such as sphere (spherical surface of the sheet in the FLD test), as well as surfaces whose surface geometry is unknown and... 

Due to importance of micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), inability of the classical continuum theory to predict the mechanical behavior of micro-scale structures accurately, and vast applications of finite element method (FEM) in modeling of the MEMS, in this dissertation, the static and dynamic mechanical behavior of electrostatically actuated micro structures has been investigated using newly developed finite elements based on strain gradient continuum theory. The governing equations and boundary conditions have been developed for longitudinal and torsional behavior of microbars as well as flexural behavior of Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko microbeams based on strain gradient... 

In this thesis, static and dynamic analysis of nano beams based on second strain gradient theory is presented. Due to their small sizes, nano electro mechanical devices (NEMS) hold tremendous promise for novel, versatile and very sensitive devices for different applications ranging from actuators, transducers and also mass, force, light and frequency detectors. Therefore accurate modeling and analysis of such devices has an important role in their design and performance improvement. Neglecting the size effect, traditional theory of elasticity can not be suitable to predict mechanical behavior of these systems and so, it should be used non-classical theories which include size dependency... 

Vibrating ring gyroscopes (VRG) as MEMS devices are employed to micro scale systems for determination of the rotation rate and rotation speed of them. It is experimentally approved that micro scale structures behaves differently in comparison to macro scale systems, Therefore higher order continuum theories are required for modeling and analysis of these systems. In addition to that there is no comprehensive investigation on the dynamic performance of ring gyroscopes in the literature, In view of this in the present research the static and dynamic analysis of vibrating ring gyroscopes based on the strain gradient theory and the proposed finite element model of the gyroscope is performed. The... 

In this study, HSS and double angle braces subjected to cyclic loading in order to study the buckling and post buckling behavior have been investigated by Finite Element method. The results of FE analysis are fairly in good agreement with experiments. Analysis demonstrate that when local buckling occurs in middle span, subsequently, strain rises severely. Accordingly, this strain jumping causes early fracture in braces. Therefore, local buckling can be one of the primary reasons of fracture in braces. As a result, local buckling must be considered one of the primary limit state of Performance-Based design of steel braces. In addition, finding a way to predict local buckling can help us to... 

In the present work, the beginning and progressive growth of delamination in laminated composites plates has been studied. Interlaminar stresses at free edge of laminate may give rise to edge delamination and result in failure of laminate. So we need to determine the exact interlaminar stresses to predict the failure of laminated composites. A computer code based on layerwise theory that can obtain the exact interlaminar stresses been developed. Comparison between the present study and finite element software result showed the good agreement.A fracture mechanics approach is used to analysis delamination propagation between layers of composites laminate. In this approach damage propagation... 

Nowadays, the usage of beam-shaped structures has widely spread in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems; consequently, scholars are extremely interested in precise modeling of static and dynamic behaviors of them. As the beams utilized in MEMS and NEMS structures have thicknesses in the order of microns and sub-microns, the experimentally validated small scale effects would be considerable in their behavior. In fact, experiments manifest that the size-dependent behavior is an intrinsic feature of materials when they are used in small-scale structures. In the classical continuum mechanics, there exists no material length scale parameter. Thus, the classical theory is unable to capture... 

There is many operational problems in the drilling industry. One of these basic problems is stuck pipe. This problem occurs with different intensities in different formations due to particles falling into the well, pressure difference in the formation and drilling mud and instability of the wellbore and creates conditions in which the drilling string can neither rotate nor move, so all Drilling operations are stopped so that according to studies, pipe sticking is one of the most important reasons for stopping drilling operations. This stop imposes millions of dollars of operational damage on oil services companies annually. Therefore, identifying and prediction of stuck pipe as a major... 

Nowadays, with progresses made in manufacturing technologies, it is possible to produce micro-scale products such as micro-electromechanical systems. Micro-motors are one type of these systems that can be used in such applications as power supply of electronic devices. To achieve a better performance, these systems must rotate at high rotational speeds (about one million revolutions per minute). At such a high rotational speed, vibrational analysis is highly crucial. The results of recent studies indicate the inability of classical theories of continuum mechanics to analyze the behavior of these micro systems. Therefore, in this research, the rotor of micro-motors are modeled using the... 

The stirred tank is one of the oldest device that widely used in different industrial. a special kind of stirred tank that clled bioreactor refer to any device which supplies required biological, biochemical and biomechanical engineered product. Since the aim of bioreactor is produce of desired biological product, it is essential to accurate monitoring internal and external transfer of nutrient, heat transfer, fluid velocity, Strain stress and medium PH. good design and application of bioreactor depend on product, organism, conditions for produce desired product and scale of produce. also cost of capital and function cost are important in bioreactor design. one of the most important... 

The manufacture of ultra high strength materials has always been a target for aerospace and transportation industries. Currently, the limitation of energy resources even makes this goal more serious. Nowadays, more than 50% of total extrusion products are made from Al alloys and around 90% of them are the 6000 series alloys. Therefore, regarding to high strength, low weight, and hardening aluminum AA6000 alloys capabilities can play a major role in fulfilling this task. Over the last decade, a number of techniques collectively referred to as severe plastic deformation (SPD), have emerged as a promising approach for the production of bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG) nano-structured materials.... 

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been known as one of the most anonymous reasons for death around the world. A presentation of a model of what happens in the process has been under study for many years; and yet it remains a question due to physiological, geometrical and computational complications. Although the modeling facilities for soft tissue modeling have improved, the precise CT-imaging of human head has revealed novel details of brain, skull and the interface (the meninges), a comprehensive FEM model of which is still being studied. This study aims to present an optimized model of human head after a comprehensive study of the previous models; which includes the brain, skull, and... 

Double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens were prepared according to standard surface mount technology (SMT). The samples were stored inside an environmental chamber at two different relative humidity values (i.e. 40 or 100%) for either 2 or 4 hours. Then they were aged at 25ºC, 75ºC or 125℃ for the same time. Finally, after being cooled to room temperature, fracture tests were performed under mode-I loading conditions at a strain rate of 0.03 s-1 at room temperature. Storage time did not have a significant effect on the fracture behavior. The fracture load and energy of the solder joints decreased significantly when the temperature was increased from 25 to 75℃. By further increase in the... 

Micro-rotating machinery with compact energy sources and high power density has been developed in the recent decade to run portable electronic devices. To achieve efficiency targets, these miniaturized turbo-machinery must spin at elevated rotational speeds which sometimes can reach up to one million revolutions per minute. At this relatively high spinning rate, the rotordynamic behavior of these systems plays an important role in the stage of design. On the other hand, the classical continuum theory has been proven not to be able to appropriately predict the mechanical behavior of the small-scale structures. To overcome overall mentioned weakness, in this thesis the rotor of micro-engines... 

Evaluation of the seismic-induced settlement of an unsaturated soil layer depends on several variables, among which the small strain shear modulus, Gmax, and soil’s state of stress have been demonstrated to be of particular significance. Recent interpretation of trends in Gmax revealed considerable effects of the degree of saturation and hydraulic hysteresis on the shear stiffness of soils in unsaturated states. Accordingly, the soil layer is expected to experience different settlement behaviors depending on the soil saturation and seasonal weathering conditions. In this study, a semi-empirical formulation was adapted to extend an existing Gmax model to infer hysteretic effects along...