Sharif Digital Repository

Both resources have shaped the development of societies during the course of history. The increase in population, the growthe of middle-class societies, climate changes, economic development, health and environmental concerns, all play roles in magnifying or reducing the growing stresses on the vital resources of water and energy. Projections for water availability and quality, food and enrgy availability, soil and air quality are alarming. These alarms point to a major conclusion:’business as usual’ is no longer viable. Indeed, they call for a fundamental shift in the manner in which we understand and manage resources: a shift away from traditional approaches toward more integrative,... 

In recent years, water issues have been the focus of increasing international concern and debate. Agriculture is not only the world's largest water user in terms of volume, it is also a relatively low-value, low-efficiency water user. These facts are forcing governments and donors to rethink the economic, social and environmental implications of irrigation projects. Population growth, increase in water demand, the extended drought and utilization of too much water for agricultural, have been made water conflicts over water resources. Due to the drought has a significant economic and social impact on the irrigated agricultural sector, Water markets based on transferable water rights developed... 

Most of the recent hydro-system researches lent themselves to integrated modeling of interactions between agricultural water demand and hydro-system operation for better agricultural water demand management. Large share of water consumption by agriculture sector and general acceptance of integrated water supply and demand management by water sector decision makers highlighted this approach in hydro-systems analysis. This approach in modeling helps to achieve a better management strategy for agricultural water demand and supply with the least reduction in agri-sector economic indices, while supplying industry, domestic and environmental target demands. However, agriculture, industry and... 

Taxis provide a flexible and indispensable service to satisfy the urban travel demand of public commuters. Balancing supply and demand and minimizing the driving time before finding a customer would directly increase taxi drivers and system income. Availability of GPS traces and easy access to the Internet has enabled taxi companies to be aware of supply-demand level in every region and all taxi states in real time. In this research, we propose a novel fair recommender system to maximize the sum of taxi drivers’ income by recommending regions with the highest profitability due to each driver’s acceptance rate and each regions’ minimum supply availability. Experiment results on TAP30’s data... 

Cloud Manufacturing is a new paradigm which under development and has been introduced as one of the promising models for providing ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable manufacturing resources (e.g, networks, servers, facilities, applications, robots, machines and services) that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort and service provider’s interaction. Cloud Manufacturing is defined based on Cloud Computing. Like the Cloud Computing, Cloud Manufaturing offers a service-oriented architecture that is based on information technology (IT) in which each manufacturing resources is expressed as a service. For providing a... 

In this research supply and demand factors regarding skill premium, ratio of revenue of college to non-college workers, in years 1984 to 2012 have been investigated. Three periods 1984 to 1995, 1995 to 2005 and 2015 to 2012 can be identified. In all three periods relative supply of college workers has increased. Demand in the periods have been constant, increasing and decreasing respectively and with the effect of demand has led to decreasing, increasing and decreasing trend of skill premium in these periods respectively. Share of low skilled sectors like construction, trade and agriculture in second period declined which led to increased demand for high skilled labor .An opposite effect...