Sharif Digital Repository

Exhaust gases from poultry rendering facilities contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are a nuisance, odorous, and smog and particulate matter precursors. Other available treatment options, such as thermal and catalytic incineration require temperature intensive inputs and form additional greenhouse gases. Hence, an inexpensive alternative technology is needed to eliminate these air pollutants. This research investigated the catalytic oxidation of toluene vapors using novel dispersed nano catalysts derived from new preparation method. The combined impregnation (IMP) and deposition-precipitation (DP) was used to prepare supported transition metal oxide catalyst over commercial and... 

Volatile organic materials are amongst the most important air pollutants that presence of the moisture in polluted air during oxidation process are the most difficult to remove volatile contaminants using catalysts. In this study, nano-copper oxide catalyst on nano-alumina for complete oxidation of toluene in the presence of moisture at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure were examined. Alumina basic using co-precipitation and sol-gel methods have been synthesized, which is for the first time that alumina tri-second-butyl pre-manufacturer have been used for gamma-nano-alumina by sole gel method was used. Surface properties of synthesized nano-alumina have been studies by various... 

Green chemistry seeks to reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances in the chemical industry through the development of new products and processes .The replacement of harmful, widely used solvents and reagents is a key part of this approach. Supercritical fluid such as CO2 or water are good solvent for replaceement Exchange reactions involving the displacement of hydrogen bonded to carbon by deuterium are of interest in a broad variety of disciplines, such as the preparative chemistry of isotopically labeled materials, fundamental studies of carbonehydrogen bond activation processes, and studies of the nature of catalysts. The low cost of water and its environmental friendliness... 

Plantwide control plays a significant role in both industrial and academic fields. In this work, two plantwide control methodologies, “Self-Optimiaing Control (SOC)” and “Integrated Framework of Simulation and Heuristic (IFSH)”, have been applied on toluene hydrodealkilation process. Consequently, the performance of each methodology has been evaluated and compared due to the same process disturbance scenarios.The results are as follows: Although self-optimiaing control includes lots of optimization efforts, dynamic performance of the plant dose not exhibit notable differences. Therefore, Integrated framework of simulation and heuristic methodology is preferable for hydrodealkilation... 

High mixing efficiency and high liquid-liquid mass transfer rate are two key features of spinning disk contactors. This work presents the experimental investigation of mixing and liquid-liquid mass transfer characteristics in a new double coaxial spinning disks contactor. The micromixing efficiency was investigated using a standard system of competitive parallel reaction known as iodide/iodate test reaction. The influences of various operating conditions such as the rotational speed of the disks, the direction of rotation, the feed radial location, the feed distribution pattern, the distance between the disks, and the feed flow rate on the mixing quality were examined carefully. The obtained... 

Emission of aromatic and aliphatic compounds to atmosphere is a major environmental concern for many urban societies. Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an efficient and low operating cost technology for reduction of air pollution.
First, dispersed copper oxide nano-catalysts supported on almond shell-based activated carbon were prepared for catalytic oxidation of toluene in air. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to express the catalyst removal efficiency in terms of catalyst metal loading and calcination temperature. Calcination temperature had a significant effect on the catalyst activity only at high metal loadings (upper 8% wt.). Two different... 

The purpose of this dissertation is to experimentally and numerically investigate the effect of molecular structure, composition, and physical and chemical properties of fuel on HCCI combustion. A well-equipped laboratory was set up to perform the required tests, capable of performing HCCI tests with different fuels. All tests used a single-cylinder diesel engine modified to operate in HCCI mode. Also, for numerical simulation, a chemical kinetic multi-zone model was developed to predict HCCI combustion behavior with appropriate accuracy. To investigate the effect of fuel chemical structure on HCCI combustion, three fuels, toluene, iso-octane and normal heptane, with entirely different... 

Nowadays, increased pollutants in the air threat the society health condition and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are the most hazardous ones among them. In the present study, catalytic oxidation as a prominent of the VOCs removal method from air, have attracted attentions due to high removal efficiency and suitable kinetic reaction. Because of its common industrial applications, toluene is intended to be eliminated through a low cost carbon supported catalyst which is synthesised in the laboratory. Construction method, carbonaceous support type, catalyst metal and its load, calcination temperature and time are among influencing design characteristics. A combination of Impregnation and...