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Biological upgrading of heavy oil cuts using native microbial consortia as an environmental-friendly technology in petroleum refineries
, Article Advances in Environmental Technology ; Volume 8, Issue 3 , 2022 , Pages 215-228 ; 24766674 (ISSN) ; Ziaei Rad, Z ; Shayegan, J ; Pazouki, M ; Hossinia, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology
2022
Abstract
Refineries are amongst the most energy-intensive and polluting industries in the world. Biotechnology may serve as an alternative low-cost and environmental-friendly tool to the current costly, toxic and hazardous refining processes. In this study, the compositional redistribution of a heavy hydrocarbon cut is investigated under biological conversion using native microbial consortia. The native consortia were obtained by batch enrichment method applied on oil-polluted soil samples from oil refineries of Iran. The bioconversion experiments were conducted with 20% and 40% (v/v) of the heavy cut as the sole carbon source and 10% (v/v) of the consortia broth in 250 ml flasks containing a mineral...
An optimized thermal cracking approach for onsite upgrading of bitumen
, Article Fuel ; Volume 307 , 2022 ; 00162361 (ISSN) ; Kaminski, T ; Husein, M. M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2022
Abstract
Onsite partial upgrading is a promising strategy for facilitating pipeline transportation of bitumen without the use of diluent. In the present work, a one-step treatment using an autoclave is optimized toward upgrading Alberta bitumen of 9.6 API gravity and 925,000 cP viscosity. The thermal cracking process was kept simple in order to maintain an economic and environmental advantage. Optimum conditions entailed 75 min of reaction time at 420 °C, without quenching the reactor. These conditions corresponded to highest centrifuged oil product yield of 73.3 ± 1.1 wt%, viscosity of 34 ± 2 cP and API gravity of 18.9 ± 0.5. H-NMR, CHNS and FTIR measurements revealed thermally cracked asphaltenes...
Two-stage thermocatalytic upgrading of fuel oil to olefins and fuels over a nanoporous hierarchical acidic catalyst
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 37, Issue 16 , 2019 , Pages 1910-1916 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Shirvani, S ; Ghambarian, M ; Eidi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Inc
2019
Abstract
A two-stage thermocatalytic upgrading process using a novel catalyst was investigated to produce light olefins and liquid fuels from fuel oil. The upgraded oil from the first thermal stage demonstrated lower viscosity and higher crackability compared to the virgin feedstock. In the next step, the vapor-phase catalytic cracking of the upgraded fraction was implemented over a novel nanoporous composite catalyst, characterized by the XRD, FTIR, NH3- TPD, and N2 physisorption techniques. In total, more than 55 wt% of light olefins, particularly propylene (25.5 wt%) together with 25.4 wt% and 32.5 wt% of gasoline and diesel fuel were obtained in this process. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis...
Planning in microgrids with conservation of voltage reduction
, Article IEEE Systems Journal ; Volume 12, Issue 3 , 2018 , Pages 2782-2790 ; 19328184 (ISSN) ; Nouri, A ; Ghadimi, N ; Sharif University of Technology
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc
2018
Abstract
The main focus of this paper is to find an upgrade plan for a microgrid. This plan includes system lines' upgrades, the place, and size of the new capacitors and DERs. As usual, the planning process is begun with the load forecasting. The main objectives include minimization of system upgrade cost, loss cost, loss cost in peak load, and finally demand cost. The last objective is realized here using the tap changer of the main station transformer and reactive power support of the sources available or planned for the future of the grid. This is always referred to as the conservation of voltage reduction. In order to consider the effects of bus voltages on the system demand, the ZIP model for...
The CMS ECAL Upgrade for Precision Crystal Calorimetry at the HL-LHC
, Article IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science ; Volume 65, Issue 8 , 2018 , Pages 2004-2006 ; 00189499 (ISSN) ; Sharif University of Technology
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc
2018
Abstract
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is operating at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with proton-proton collisions at 13-TeV center-of-mass energy and at a bunch spacing of 25 ns. Challenging running conditions for CMS are expected after the High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC). We review the CMS ECAL crystal calorimeter upgrade and present results from the first test beam studies. Particular challenges at HL-LHC are the harsh radiation environment, the increasing data rates, and the extreme level of pile-up events, with up to 200 simultaneous proton-proton collisions. Precision timing can be exploited to reduce the effect of the pileup. We report on the timing resolution...
On the catalysis capability of transition metal oxide nanoparticles in upgrading of heavy petroleum residue by supercritical water
, Article Journal of Supercritical Fluids ; Volume 126 , 2017 , Pages 14-24 ; 08968446 (ISSN) ; Golmohammadi, M ; Ahmadi, S. J ; Towfighi, J ; Heidari Chenari, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2017
Abstract
Vacuum residue cracking has been successfully conducted under supercritical water condition in presence of various metal oxide nanocalysts, namely NiO, CuO, ZnO, Co2O3, and Cr2O3 synthesized at supercritical water. The cracking experiments were carried out at 450 °C. Three species of cracking: maltene, asphaltene, and coke were then weighed and their corresponding speciation was defined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis (CHNS) tests were utilized to prove the performance of upgrading reactions. It was revealed that NiO showed the best performance among other catalyst, in which...
On the investment in a reliability improvement program for warranted second-hand items
, Article IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers) ; Volume 43, Issue 7 , Mar , 2011 , Pages 525-534 ; 0740817X (ISSN) ; Chukova, S ; Yun, W. Y ; Niaki, S. T. A ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
A reliability improvement program (such as an upgrade action) can be seen as an investment by a dealer to restore a second-hand product to a better operational state. Due to the nature of the actions performed, the item's reliability at the end of this program is usually uncertain. This article develops a stochastic cost-benefit model for investment made in reliability improvement programs for second-hand items sold with failure-free warranty. Depending on the product's lifetime modeling approach, two modifications of the model are considered and are solved for the optimal improvement level. A real case application of the model is presented to validate the proposed approach
Technological Capabilties, Generating Value-added and Upgrading in Global Value Chains: Evidence from Developing Countries
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Miremadi, Iman (Supervisor) ; Madanizadeh, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Today, global value chains(GVCs) have distributed the production of goods and services all over the world and have become the main part of global trade. GVCs provide developing countries with oppurtunities for engaging in economic activity and producing goods, without developing all the infrastructure needed for producing it yourself. but participating in GVCs also pose some challenges to developing countries. if developing countries do not enhance their ability for generating value-added, by losing the advantage of cheap labour over time, they will fall into the so-called "middle-income trap". therefore upgrading, with the broad definition of generating more value-added, should be targeted...
Turbocharged Diesel Engine Upgrade Investigations and Matching it With a Suitable Turbocharger
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hajilouy Benisi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Increasing the power of a turbocharged diesel engine without changing main engine components is important in industrial applications, with economic benefits. The engine power can be increased by higher boost pressure. In this research, the turbocharged diesel engine performance improvement was investigated to increase the engine power. As a case study, the performance improvement of OM355A turbocharged diesel engine carried out. For this purpose, the engine was modeled in boost module of the AVL software. First, naturally aspirated OM355 and turbocharged OM355A diesel engines were modeled. Then the simulation results were evaluated in compare with engine tests data. Maximum difference in...
Main System Investigation of Turbocharged Diesel Engine During Performance Upgrade
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hajilouy Benisi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Nouri Broujerdi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
The internal combustion engine power is determined by the amount of fuel effectively burned inside the engine cylinders. On the other hand, the fuel consumption is proportional to the air mass that enters the cylinders in each cycle. Conventionally, incoming the engine inlet air is at ambient conditions. However, with higher air density, the engine power increases for the same dimensions, so-called turbocharging. Although the engine's structure remains unchanged, it may be necessary to adjust the main systems of the engine simultaneously. This research investigated maximizing the power of a turbocharged diesel engine based on upgrading the degree of turbocharging. For this purpose, the EM355...
Performance Optimization of SBR Reactors Using Fluidized Media (Conversion of SBR to SMBBR)
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Borghei, Mehdi (Supervisor)
Abstract
In recent years, utilization of hybrid attached and suspended growth system for modification of conventional activated sludge systems has attracted a lot of attentions. Nowadays, with development of urban areas and also introducing new emerging contaminants and as a result an increase in the influent loading of wastewater treatment facilities, the importance of upgrading and retrofitting available facilities have been highlighted. Conversion of Sequencing Batch Reactors to Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactors is a viable solution for overcoming these problems. Eventhough several researches have been conducted on removal of different contaminants through these systems, the information about the...
Strategic Studies on Bioproducts Supply at the Present Situation of Local and Global Markets
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Roostaazad, Reza (Supervisor) ; Maleki, Ali (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
in the present situation most of the bioproducts are supplied at the global markets. hence newcomers and also existing suppliers should study the economic and social trends to make strategic decisions in order to enter new markets. analysis of the effect of different parameters on the market entrance strategy is the main focus of this thesis. the pivotal subject of this thesis is the analysis of Enzyme industry value chain in Iran and the role of each actor and their interactions with each other. after visualizing the Enzyme industry value chain, we want to answer this question: what are the main obstacles for entering the Enzyme industry due to the interactions between the industry...
Adsorption and Conversion of Heavy Oil Asphaltene on Composite Nanostructures
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghotbi, Siros (Supervisor) ; Khodadadi, Abbasali (Supervisor)
Abstract
The aim of this project was to upgrade and reduce viscosity of heavy oils by adsorbing of asphaltene on Ni-Mo/CB and converting it into lighter and more valuable gas and liquid compounds. Asphaltene has been extracted from a heavy crude oil sample of Soroush oil field in Iran. After adsorption, Asphaltene conversion to lighter components (gas/liquid) was studied through hydrocracking process. To prepare the support of catalyst, Carbon Black, initially a thermal treatment step under the argon gas atmosphere followed by acid-washing process was performed. Afterward, the catalysts was prepared through dry impregnation method. In order to activate catalyst for hydrocracking, the catalysts has...
Upgrading "Qaed Basir"Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment Plant
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Borghei, Mehdi (Supervisor) ; Shayegan Salek, Jalaledin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Golpayegan Qaed Basir Petrochemical Company is one of the lucrative and entrepreneurial companies in Iran. Every day in this complex, a large amount of wastewater is being generated and transferred to the evaporative lag after the primary and secondary purification outside the complex and it is not restored. Considering the growing importance of surface and underground water resources, reuse of wastewater is a valuable production. In this research, the optimization of the sewage treatment system of the complex was evaluated by replacing the chemicals in the primary purification unit and also by using chloride-ferric and trickling filter for tertiary purification(treating) of the...
A Finite Element Study on Seismic Behavior of Various Concrete Column Retrofitting Methods
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khaloo, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
In recent years, in order to investigate the structural performance in seismic zones, concrete column reinforcement and observing their behavior under cyclic loading have attracted considerable attentions. The ductility and energy absorption capability of structure play an important role in structural performance against earthquake and consequently its failure patterns. A new chapter of these investigations has begun by the reinforcement of the concrete members, a major part of which is concerned with the confinement of concrete members in order to increase their ductility and energy absorption against the forces induced by earthquake. In this study, three prominent methods of concrete...
Seismic Performance Evaluation of RC Frames Rehabilitated by Different Techniques Using IDA
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khalu, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Seismic behavior of multi-story frames widely has been studied in recently. So that such studies can lead the earthquakes-resistance system to better performance. The dramatic growth of computer processing power make it possible that nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures with great precision could be done. One of the advantages of nonlinear analysis is achieve behavioral performance of structures during an earthquake. Knowledge of the performance, enables us to identify structural weaknesses result in devising to improve these. The aim of this study is to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames have been improved, using different techniques. The frames are designed...
A Power Analysis Countermeasure for a Lightweight Symetric Block Cipher
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Salmasizadeh, Mahmoud (Supervisor) ; Moradi, Amir (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Among cryptography devices, resource constrained devices like sensors, RFID tags, smart cards and etc need a special class of cryptography algorithms. These devices have three limitations: memory, consumed power and computing power. Therefore, need a special class of cryptography algorithms that is lightweight cryptography. Lightweight cryptography systems have features and limitations that make them more vulnerable against attacks such as power analysis attacks. For this reason strengthening them against these attacks need more attention. So far, various countermeasure for secure implementation of different cryptography systems proposed. Most of them trying to decrease the correlation...
Design and Simulation of a Dedicated Analog Circuit to Protect against Power Analysis Attack
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sharifkhani, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
With the rapid development of the communication technology, the demand for secure data transferring is inevitable. In this regard, all of secure systems such as Sim-Cards, Smart Cards, to name but a few, enjoy crypto hardware in order to encrypt data. The palpitating heart of these apparatuses, that is, processor, is based on well-known cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, etc. In short, the security depends on the hidden key and in e. g., AES-128 bit, time to disclose the key is in order of 2128. Therefore, no computer can disclosure it in that this period is approximately equivalent to 1032 years in case of the processing computer runs on a 1GHz clock frequency, and a try-out of a...
Performance of RC Shear Walls Strengthened by Vertical Strips of Steel Plates under Seismic Loading
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khaloo, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Even though a considerable amount of research has been conducted on composite wall system during past years, very limited research has been reported on shear walls strengthened by steel plates. In 2008, the composite shear wall, which consisted of reinforced concrete wall, retrofitted by steel plates, attached to both sides of RC walls using mechanical connectors in form of shear studs, bolts or lateral ties tested under axial load and lateral force. In this research, seismic behavior of RC shear walls strengthened by vertical strips of steel plates is going to be studied. The result will be compared with RC shear wall which fully covered by steel plates. The behavior of RC shear wall will...
Performance of RC Shear Walls Strengthened by Diagonal Strips of Steel Plates under Seismic Loading
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; khalo, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Even though a considerable amount of research has been conducted on composite wall system during past years, very limited research has been reported on shear walls strengthened by steel plates. In 2008, the composite shear wall, which consisted of reinforced concrete wall, retrofitted by steel plates, attached to both sides of RC walls using mechanical connectors in form of shear studs, bolts or lateral ties tested under axial load and lateral force. In this research, seismic behavior of RC shear walls strengthened by diagonal strips of steel plates is going to be studied. The result will be compared with RC shear wall which fully covered by steel plates.The behavior of RC shear wall will be...