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Random walk-percolation-based modeling of two-phase flow in porous media: Breakthrough time and net to gross ratio estimation
, Article Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications ; Vol. 406, issue , July , 2014 , p. 214-221 ; ISSN: 03784371 ; Masihi, M ; Ghaedi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Fluid flow modeling in porous media has many applications in waste treatment, hydrology and petroleum engineering. In any geological model, flow behavior is controlled by multiple properties. These properties must be known in advance of common flow simulations. When uncertainties are present, deterministic modeling often produces poor results. Percolation and Random Walk (RW) methods have recently been used in flow modeling. Their stochastic basis is useful in dealing with uncertainty problems. They are also useful in finding the relationship between porous media descriptions and flow behavior. This paper employs a simple methodology based on random walk and percolation techniques. The...
Effect of empty bed residence time on biotrickling filter performance: Case study-triethylamine
, Article International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ; Vol. 11, issue. 1 , 2014 , pp. 183-190 ; ISSN: 17351472 ; Bayat, R ; Keshavarzi Shirazi, H ; Sotoudeheian, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In this study, a laboratory-scale biotrickling filter (BTF) is used to remove Triethylamine (TEA) from gaseous wastes. The BTF is made of stainless steel with a height of 210 cm and an internal diameter of 21 cm packed with lava rocks. TEA elimination pattern was evaluated by changing empty bed residence times (EBRTs). The maximum elimination capacity (EC) has been determined to be 87 g/m3/h. At all EBRTs 52, 31, 20, and 10 s, contaminant transferring from gas phase to liquid was more than the EC. Also, the removal efficiency was 100 % for a mass loading of 100 g/m3/h. While the liquid recirculation velocity of 3.466 m3/m2/h was maintained, the flow rate was adjusted to 60, 100, 156, and 312...
Experimental study of forced circulation evaporator in zero discharge desalination process
, Article Desalination ; Volume 285 , January , 2012 , Pages 352-358 ; 00119164 (ISSN) ; Mowla, D ; Jafari Nasr, M. R ; Soltanieh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Zero discharge desalination process is the most promising technology to prevent salinity and thermal shocks to ecosystem by effluent streams of desalination unit drained into the sea. Pretreatment, solar pond and forced circulation crystallizer are the major steps of one option to provide the purposes of zero discharge desalination process. Reduction of total hardness of wastewater occurs in pretreatment unit and the solar pond is proposed for effluent concentrated brine wastewater of pretreatment unit which seeks production of potable water and concentrated brine. The effluent stream from solar pond is conveyed to one forced circulation evaporator in order to produce salt and distilled...
Optimization of Water Consumption and Wastewater Treatment in Refinery
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shayegan, Jalaloddin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Water is used as a key material in different processes of chemical industries. Considering abundant demand of chemical industries for water, pollution that threats this valuable material and the fact that there is currently no proper substitute for water, an urgent necessity is felt for economic utilization of water in industrial processes and optimal use of water resources. A variety of methods have been developed for analysis of water consumption in industrial processes, amongst are Pinch methodology and Mathematical Programming approach. In this thesis a Petroleum Refinery has been preferred as a case study in which optimization of water consumption in the aforementioned petroleum...
Design and Optimization of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) for Organic Pollution
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Vossoughi, Manouchehr (Supervisor) ; Seif Kordi, Ali Akbar (Supervisor)
Abstract
A Microbial fuel cell is a Bioreactor in which chemical bands are broken and their energy convert to electricity by bio-catalysts such as microorganisms and enzymes. Depletion of energy resources encouraged researchers to investigate microbial fuel cell as a power bio-resource. MFCs produce electricity or hydrogen without any net carbon emission. Nowadays, real applications of microbial fuel cells are limited because their power density level is very low (about 1000 mW/m2). Many research projects are running to modify MFCs operation and optimize its costs. The most important application of MFCs is electricity production, hydrogen production, waste water treatment and BOD5 biosensor. In this...
Feasibility of Providing Media for Multi-Media Filter Bed in Treatment
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hashemian, Jamaleddin (Supervisor)
Abstract
In Iran, the technical issues are not considered when changing or replacing the bed of filter. In this regard, less attention is paid for the properties of the materials (e.g. shape, aggregation, effective size and uniform coefficient of grains, etc.) used in the replaced bed of filter. Therefore, the performance of the replaced filter is not good from treated water quality, water production, and backwash interval points of view. In this project, Light Expanded Clay Aggregate, LECA, was chosen as a suitable material to be used in the bed of filter because of its favorable grain shape. The performance of LECA has been examined in both “Single- Media Filter” and “Dual-Media Filter” for...
Design and Simulation of Process Units for Various Municipal Wastewater Treatment Methods
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shayegan, Jalaloddin (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this thesis, an algorithm is developed based on Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (Analytical Hierarchy Process, TOPSIS) combination with Fuzzy logic, and then user-friendly software with a GUI was designed and introduced. By using this method, it becomes possible to compare processes based on their ratings and users desired importance, and finally determine the closest process to the user ideal choice
Treatment of Surfactant Wastewater by IFAS Bioreactors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Borgheei, Mahdi (Supervisor) ; Moslehi, Parivash (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the modern societies, wastewater treatment is essential in achieving high level of standard in environmental protection and disposal. Recently, many researches are performed to study the surfactants’ biological decomposition in wastewater treatment process. In this project, fixed bed aerobic reactors are used in order to remove surfactant from wastewater. Integrated fixed film activation sludge reactor (IFAS) is used to remove surfactants and organic matters. It also used to study the capability of micro organisms in organic load removal in fixed bed biofilm for biological treatment of industrial wastewater. Pumice stone were used as the support in the reactor. The pumice stone is a...
Experimental Studies for Construction of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) in Continuous Flow Mode
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Vossoughi, Manoochehr (Supervisor) ; Aalemzadeh, Iran (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this research performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in continuous flow mode was studied. Different anodic chambers were tested and it was found that granular activated carbons (GACs) produced the highest power density (1228 mW/m3) in comparison with multiple anodes (731 mW/m3), single anode (294 mW/m3) and polymeric packings (40 mW/m3). It was also shown that in a plug-anodic chamber (PAC) the power output is reduced by reducing agitation of anodic volume. Adding more GACs to anodic chamber results in power increase, however by increasing occupied volume from 80% to 100% the power increase was negligible in result of cathodic reactions limitations. Feed flowrate was increased from...
Optimization of Aeration & Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in Moving Bed Bio Reactors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Borghei, Mehdi (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this research the performance of the Moving Bed Biofilm Rector (MBBR) in different amounts of dissolved oxygen (DO) was investigated. Reactor with a useful volume of 15 liters was used in this study. In order to obtain optimum oxygen concentration, stayed at 6, 10 and 15 hours, and at different levels of dissolved oxygen in the range 0.5 -6 mg/lit, the amount of organic material was removed respectively. Also, in two different aeration intensity of 3.5 and 5.5 liters per minute at different values of e% (percentage of filling of media) the mass transfer coefficient values were obtained. When the aeration intensity increases from 3.5 to 5.5 liters per minute, and the percentage of 40%...
Optimization of Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (FBBR) for Wastewater Treatment by Pumice Stone
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Borgheei, Mahdi (Supervisor) ; Pak, Ali (Supervisor)Construction of a New Membrane Bioreactor for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Seifkordi, Ali Akbar (Supervisor) ; Hemati, Mohmoud (Co-Advisor) ; Rekabdar, Fatemeh (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
In recent years membrane bioreactors (MBR) were widely used as an advanced process for industrial wastewater treatment. But fouling issue causes some restrictions in these systems. So for fouling reduction many researches were done.In this study for fouling improvement, blending of hydrophilic polymer (PAN) with main polymer PVDF was used. Blending membrane in phase inversion process with DMAC as solvent and water as non-solvent was made. For pore-forming in membranes, PVP as hydrophilic additive with three different composition was added and then for more enhancement of antifouling property of membrane, TiO2 nanoparticles with four different composition were added to polymeric...
Improve the Structure of Membrane Bioreactor to Reduce Fouling for Industrial Waste Water Purification
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Seifkordi, Ali Akbar (Supervisor) ; Hemati, Mahmood (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
In the presence project by using of hydrophilic polymer, Cellulose acetate (CA), we tried to modify the membrane made of Polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF). The membranes were made by phase inversion method. In five levels, at least 10% and at most 30%, CA was added to casting solution. The hydrophilicity of membranes’ surface and pore size was increased. The permeation of the neat membrane of PVDF was less than 10 , on the other hand the permeation of the membranes, which were made by adding CA, was increased up to 500 . The increment of CA more than 20% reduced the porosity of membrane. In the next step to reduce the irreversibility fouling tried to reduce the pore size by adding some...
Fluoride Removal from Sludge's of Evaporation Lagoons of Isfahan’s UCF Plant
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Samadfam, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Firouz Zare, Mahmoud (Co-Advisor) ; Ghasemi, Mohamad Reza (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Nuclear energy is one of the most important sources of energy from the economical point of view and also in terms of cleanliness and safety. Hence, strategically, uranium is one of the most basic elements of the earth and nowadays, the importance of this element is more marked due to the nuclear industry developement. Therefore, uranium recovery from the wastes generated during nuclear fuel production in Isfahan’s uranium conversion plant- in which yellow cake is converted to uranium hexafluoride- is quite pivotal. In this experimental research, we have to remove Fluoride from waste after dissolution by several methods like precipitation. After that uranium is extracted from the sludge of...
Investigation of the Membrane Characteristics on the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Torkian, Ayoub (Supervisor) ; Gobal, Freydoon (Supervisor)
Abstract
The process of human populations growth, limited resources of fossil fuels and its environmental consequences have driven the international community to Renewable Energy. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has ability of simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation (Energy). This technology can be considered as one of the proposed solutions to reduce costs of wastewater treatment and power generation. Separators are one of the major components of the MFC that have direct impact on cell performance. On the other hand, high costs of the conventional types have caused to limiting development of the MFC in the last decade.
In this study, inexpensive and available glass wool membrane...
In this study, inexpensive and available glass wool membrane...
Investigation of Microbial Electrolysis Cell Using Wastewater from Food Industries
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Alemzadeh, Iran (Supervisor) ; Kariminia, Hamid Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Using microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) for hydrogen production has been considered in recent years. So far, synthetic wastewaters containing substances such as glucose and acetate have been mainly used in MECs and industrial wastewaters have not been widely studied. Food industry wastewater is a suitable choice for application in microbial electrolysis cell due to its biodegradable materials. In present research, dairy wastewater and sludge collected from UASB reactor of Iran Dairy Industries company, Tehran were initially used in a dual chamber microbial fuel cell until a stable voltage was generated .Afterward, the system was converted to a MEC applying a predetermined voltage. The...
Construction and Optimum Condition Selection for Microbial Fuel Cell for Organic Matter Removal and Electricity Generation
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Vossoughi, Manoochehr (Supervisor) ; Alemzadeh, Iran (Supervisor)
Abstract
A Microbial fuel cell is a Bioreactor in which chemical bands are broken and their energy convert to electricity by bio-catalysts such as microorganisms and enzymes.In this project, construction, substrate investigation and optimization of operational parameters were done. Microbial fuel cell as a waste water treatment method was considered in this project. As a result, different substrate were used in anode chamber of constructed microbial fuel cell. The most important ones were waste water containing ethylene glycol and crude oil.Consequently, lack of information about cathode operational parameters was led to optimum condition selection for pH, buffer concentration and ionic strength as...
Investigation of Highly Concentrated Phenolic Wastewater Treatment in a Membrane Biological Reactor (MBR), and Evaluation of Furfural upon Phenol Biodegradation by an Acclimated Activated Sludge
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Borghei, Mehdi (Supervisor)
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are hazardous pollutants that are released into environment through wastewater discharges from variety of industries. Although good biodegradability has been reported at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations phenols are known to be antibacterial. In this study the Membrane Biological Reactor (MBR) with submerged hallow fiber membrane was operated at 25±2 ºC and pH=7.5±0.5 to treat a synthetic wastewater containing high phenol concentration (up to 5.9 g/l). Removal efficiency of phenol and COD were evaluated at four various “Hydraulic Retention Times” (HRT) of 24, 12, 8 and 4 hours. To test the tolerance of the bioreactor to phenol concentration various loading...
Preparation of Polycarbonate Membrane for Industrial Wastewater Treatment in Membrane Bioreator
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mousavi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Bastani, Dariush (Supervisor)
Abstract
Today, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) process is one of the most important options in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. In MBRs, membrane has an essential influence on their performance. In this study, polycarbonate was exploited as membrane to evaluate its performance in MBR since it has excellent mechanical properties. However, polycarbonate is brittle and breaks at low elongation at room temperature. Solution blending was utilized to improve polycarbonate’s properties. Blending membrane was characterized and assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile strength. Polycarbonate solution blending with polyurehatne which has excellent toughness and flexibility enhance...
Investigation of Application of Nano-Photocatalytic Degradation for Industrial Wastewater Treatmen
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Roosta Azad, Reza (Supervisor) ; Vossoughi, Manouchehr (Supervisor)
Abstract
The main objective of this project is the deposition of photo-catalysts on cement and concrete blocks with an emphasis on commercialization. We started with an extensive study of common methods introduced in previous literature, and conclude with a number of suggestions for industrialization. First, slurry and sol-gel deposition of the photo-catalysts on blocks of type 2 commercial cement which is one of the most used materials in construction of buildings and waste-water treatment plants has been examined to reach a method of sample formation. Due to the simplicity of common methods and low quality of formed samples (less than 5 percent aging efficiency), the obtained experience was used to...