Sharif Digital Repository

Increasing population growth and scarcity of fresh water resources have created the challenge of water supply, especially in the Mena region. Thus, many countries in the region have turned to innovation in the development of high-energy seawater desalination technologies. Utilizing the waste heat of refineries in the desalination industry can reduce costs and preserve the environment. In this article, effective ways to use the waste heat of other flue recovery steam of Bandar Abbas oil refinery are investigated. The integration of the heat recovery system consisting of recuperative heat exchangers and heat pipes with thermal desalination plants is investigated by multi-stage flash and... 

Paper and cardboard waste pulping consume large volumes of water, so the discharge of this effluent without proper treatment can have far-reaching environmental consequences. The color and variable COD concentration of wastewater in this industry make treating this wastewater complicated. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the COD of the wastewater treatment plant of a pulp and paper mill under different laboratory conditions to achieve environmental standards in Iran.In this study, coagulation-flocculation and the Fenton process on the wastewater entering the treatment plant were investigated first. It was found that coagulation and flocculation by 750-1250 ppm of alum coagulant and ten... 

The main purpose of this research is analyzing the energy stream of clean food production by using Iran's power plants sourced waste heat. In order to achieve this goal, at first, greenhouse heating demand model according to the type of crops and geographic location of greenhouse, heat transport from power plant to greenhouse model, and heat exchanger model is presented. Then, the potential of constructing clean greenhouse around power plants has been evaluated by using the concept of industrial symbiosis and by integrating greenhouse energy demand, waste heat transport, and heat exchanger models into industrial symbiosis concept framework and also by economical and geographical assessments.... 

Uranium is the most important element in the nuclear fuel cycle. Recovery of uranium from waste produced at every stage of the fuel cycle is not only economically important, but also environmentally important. In the production phase of uranium hexafluoride, certain amount of solid waste is produced in the bottom of the fluorination reactor. In order to extract the uranium from this waste, we have to eliminate the fluorine contained in the waste. This is because the fluorine forms strong complex with uranyl ions during the extraction process, and prevents from efficient extraction of uranium. In the current thesis؛ first, we examined the characteristics of the waste ... 

The raw and conditioned operational waste streams of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) was determined by reviewing numerous plant’s documents (such as FSAR and operational documents) as well as by interviewing with persons in charge of BNPP waste management office. It was found that low/intermediate (type І and ІІ) level operational waste streams generated in BNPP is divided into eight independent streams. By using gamma emitting radionuclides as virtual DTM nuclides and determination of scaling factors for these nuclides, it was concluded that all the 8 waste streams can be grouped into one, that is, a universal scaling factor can be applied for all the 8 waste streams. In addition the... 

The reaction of human societies with environmental limitations such as climate change and the prospect of limited mineral resources has led to the introduction of approaches such as circular economy. The implementation of circular economy requires the development of new assessment methods, technology development and planning. Even though in the economic theories of optimizing the extraction of exhaustible resources such as fossil fuel resources, methods are used to determine the optimal path of resource use, but the optimization of the return flow is less evaluated. In this research, the optimal material circulation model is developed based on material flow analysis and life cycle costing... 

Recent advances suggest that many of the issues involving in improving water quality could be solved by using nano particles. Aquifer and groundwater remediation are also critical issues. Becoming more important as water supplies steadily decrease and demand continues to increase. Although some of the remediation technologies available today are , they are costly and time-consuming, especially pump and treat methods. A wide range of nano particles have been used for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants. In the first part of this work, zero-valent Iron nano particles was synthesized and was covered with nickel as catalyst. Diameter of the synthesized nano particles was... 

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the application of a new strain of Brevundimonas naejangsanensis which is newly identified sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), in chromium(VI) removal in contaminated wastewater. A laboratory scale packed bed reactor (PBR) was fabricated and operated to study the bacteria’s feasibility on chromium(VI) reduction and removal. The reactor was packed with polyurethane foam cubes and operated under different feeding and operating conditions of HRT, COD/〖SO〗_4^(2-) ratio and influent chromium(VI) concentration. A maximum chromium removal of 94.6% was achieved in the PBR when operated at an HRT of 24 h with COD/〖SO〗_4^(2-) ratio of .70 and influent... 

Discharging treated or raw waste water in to surface water may cause lots of serious problems, including growth of algae, as a result of the presence of nutrients in waste water.algae decrease the concentration of dissolve oxygen in water.phosphorus removal from waste water is of absolute necessity. according to the standards set by the environmental organization, discharge the untreated waster water in to the surface water is not allowed. on the other hand, given manager facilities of deprived area,effort is channeled to reach the desired result through designing the simplest treatment systems. anaerobic-aerobic systems have remarkably been used for many years in the treatment of urban and... 

The Iranian Nuclear waste management Company is responsible for the safe disposal of the low-level radioactive waste resulting from the various processes of the nuclear fuel cycle and other radioactive-related activities. The safety assessment of waste disposal requires the measurement of transport parameters of radioactive nuclides in the soil around the disposal site.In this project, concentration profiles within a column which filled with Anarak Radioactive Waste Disposal Site soil were obtained using collimated gamma scanning method. Concentration profiles were measured at two different times (69 and 138 hours after injection). Then, using STANDMOD software, the equilibrium... 

Using free laccase, enzymatic decolorization of two azo dyes were optimized. The optimum conditions with the aim of maximizing the decolorization of AB92 dye (92.30%) were: dye concentration = 11.85 mg L-1, pH = 5.1, and enzyme concentration = 98.37 mg L-1. While, these conditions to achieve the maximum decolorization yield of DR23 (95.60%) were: dye concentration = 17.68 mg L-1, pH 3.7 and enzyme concentration =97.89 mg L-1.In the second part, the laccase enzyme was covalently immobilized onto GO nanosheets. At the concentration of graphene oxide and laccase enzyme equal to 1 mg mL-1 and 0.9 mg mL-1, respectively, the enzyme loading was 156.5 mg g-1 and the immobilization efficiency was... 

Isfahan Zirconium Production Plant (ZPP) is one of the most important plants in the nuclear industry of Islamic Republic of Iran. The wastewater of this plant contains high values of Sodium, Chloride, Nitrate and low values of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc and Zirconium ions. Its release has been banned by international and national law because of the dangers and toxicity of its ions for the environment and living organisms. Therefore, its refinement as a compensation of Iran’s water resources in agriculture and drinking water has received a major consideration. Among the common methods to removal of these ions, membrane process method is selected due to it's major benefits such as not producing... 

Radioactive wastes are generated at different stages of the nuclear fuel cycle and other activities related to the handling of the radioactive substances. In order to protect human being and the environment from any harmful effects of ionizing radiation, it’s necessary to isolate radioactive waste by disposing them in near surface or deep geological formations (depending on the radioactive hazard). To ensure that the waste is properly isolated from the environment for required periods of time, the safety assessment of the disposal site is essential. Transport of radionuclides from the disposal site to the environment is the essential part at any safety assessment program. Therefore,... 

In recent years, access to clean energy sources is the major instruments for sustainable development. Limitation of energy resources and the problems resulting from the use of fossil fuels was caused attention to biomass in different countries as a stable source of renewable energy. Organic waste in municipal solid waste and domestic wastewater are biomasses that can be used as a raw material used in the production of energy. Practical studies show that quality and quantity of municipal solid waste to produce biogas and bioethanol in Iran is very appropriate. In this process, the household solid waste and wastewater are in the anaerobic digestion reactors and fermentation systems without any... 

The growing amounts of generation of electronic wastes (e-waste) and their increasing environmental impacts require a special optimal waste management strategy. Many different methods have been developed to managing e-waste. To make the best choices according to the conditions of each system, having an adequate knowledge of all methods and comparing them is the most important point. This research aims to design a system for managing e-waste by selecting mobile phones as an example of electronic waste and find the optimal condition of the system to increase economic benefits and reduce environmental impact. Recycling and landfill are selected as the main methods in this project. Four lines... 

The increasing demand for energy forced to production of oil as one of the main sources of energy. Along with the increase in oil production, the proportion of water produced with oil is increasing relative to the oil produced. On the other hand, environmental restrictions for the discharge of industrial effluents into the environment are becoming more and more stringent every day. Before discharging the effluent into the environment, petroleum must be removed. The complexity of these issues demonstrates the need to develop new technologies and improve the efficiency of existing technologies. Gas flotation are among the technologies adopted in the field that have been used throughout the... 

Nowdays much of the organic solid waste and wastewater is buried using centralized and traditional methods. This leads to many problems, including groundwater pollution, methane emissions into the atmosphere and rapid transmission of disease. In order to avoid these problems, using a decentralized approach can be a good solution. In this study, recovery of organic waste and wastewater of residential buildings using anaerobic digester as a decentralized way, have been examined. Using experiments, the optimum mass ratio of organic solid waste and wastewater is obtained as 80% and 20% respectively. Biogas production model is developed using mass balance and Balance of electrons in redox... 

The process of human populations growth, limited resources of fossil fuels and its environmental consequences have driven the international community to Renewable Energy. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has ability of simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation (Energy). This technology can be considered as one of the proposed solutions to reduce costs of wastewater treatment and power generation. Separators are one of the major components of the MFC that have direct impact on cell performance. On the other hand, high costs of the conventional types have caused to limiting development of the MFC in the last decade.
In this study, inexpensive and available glass wool membrane... 

Among all electornical wastes, printed circuit boards (PCBs) of mobile phones and computers has more share than other e-wastes. E-wastes contains toxic and maybe worthable metals like copper, nickel, gold, silvet and etc. In this project, ability of Penicillin Simplicissimum in bio-leaching of copper and nickle in mobile phones PCBs, is studied. Daily production of this kind of e-wastes, requires an industrialized and economical method to help the environment. At the first step of this project, the fungi was adapted to e-waste. Then, optimization of pH and number of spores in inoculum of bioleaching by Penicillin Simplicissimum in non-conventional mediums (sugar, cheese water and molasses)... 

Nowadays , application of enzymes as biocatalysts in wastewater treatment processes is increasing. It is economically important to reuse enzymes and increase their stability in these types of processes. Therefore, was immobilization of enzymes and using them in wastewater treatment have a great importance.In this project, Horseradish peroxidase enzyme, whose effect on phenol removal reactions in other studies has been proven before, was immobilized on the alginate-coated magnetic nanoparticles, to investigate the effect of immobilization on the stability and function of this enzyme for phenol removal. The enzyme was immobilized at the temperature of 25 ° C and pH = 8, according to the data...