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Investigation The Effect Of Wettability Alteration On Increasing Recovery Factor At Fractured Reservoirs
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Jamshidi, Saeid
(Supervisor)
;
Masihi, Mohsen
(Supervisor)
Abstract
There are a lot of Fractured reservoirs around the world that have large portion of oil production. These reservoirs have complex structure and fractures have important role in production but the remaining oil in matrix causes that the oil recovery decreases. One of the most important factors in these reservois are wettability. Because most of the fractured reservoirs are oil wet and water injection process in these reservoirs are not effective and chemical EOR methods such as surfactant flooding method is used. Surfactant improve oil recovery by two reasons: 1- reduction of interfacial tension between oil and water . 2-Wettability alteration of matrix. The porpose of this project is...
Numerical Simulation of Cold and Hot Water Injection into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using the Extended Finite Element Method
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khoei, Amir Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
The present article studies the isothermal and non-isothermal water injection into naturally fractured oil reservoirs by numerical simulation. The fractures in naturally fractured reservoirs can possess different characteristics. In addition. a remarkable number of naturally fractured reservoirs contain relatively heavy oils that could not be extracted economically; hence. the thermal recovery methods are extensively used for these reservoirs. Hot water injection is one of the thermal recovery methods that has not been explored enough compared to its alternatives. In this study. the effectiveness of the hot water injection over the cold (isothermal) water injection in oil production is...
Laboratory and Modeling Study of Formation Injectivity Decline Due to Mineral Scale Deposition in Water Injection in one of Iranian Oil Resrvoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor) ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
Scale deposition is one of the reasons of formation damage during water injection process. This phenomenon often ocuures when two incompatible waters that interact chemically and precipitate minerals, mix within the reservoir. A typical example is sea water, with high concentration of sulfate ion and formation water, with high concentrations of calcium and/or barium ions. Mixing of these waters, therefore, can cause precipitation of calcium sulfate and/or barium sulfate. This study was conducted to investigate the permeability reduction caused by deposition of calcium and barium sulfates in carbonate cores from mixing of injected sea water and formation water in two flow rates and two...
Smart Water Injection to the Oil Fields for Enhancing the Recovery Factor
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Farhadi, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
The objective of this MSc. thesis is to study the impact of the reactive method and the enhanced reactive method on enhancing the exploitation efficiency of Iran's offshore oil reservoir. This is achieved by enhancing production and the recovery factor of the reactive methods with respect to the currently used proactive method. Unlike the currently used proactive method that implements a fixed rate injection strategy, in this MSc. thesis water is injected to reservoir with multi-rate for the pressure stabilization of the reservoir. In order to scale up this strategy, the ensemble Kalman filter is used to frequently update the reservoir mathematical model using the available measurements from...
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Flow ّunction Variation in Enhanced oil Recovery Using Low Salinity/Smart Water Injection in a Carbonate Reservoir
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahaboddin (Supervisor) ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) as an efficient enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique is proved to affect both, fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions to potentially release the trapped oil from the porous rock. Despite more than one decade of extensive research works on the low salinity water effect (LSWE), there are still many parameters to be studied for very complex cases. Therefore, in the first part of the experimental study of the dissertation, a systematic investigation on the effect of the initial wetting state (water-wet or oil-wet) of pure calcite is conducted to study the importance of fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interactions for LSWE investigation. In the case of initially...
Experimental and Simulation Study of Water Alternating Hydrocarbon - CO2 Mixture Gas in one of Iranian Oil Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Taghikhani, Vahid (Supervisor) ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Badakhshan, Amir (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this work the effect of composition changes of the injection gas (Hydrocarbon gas + carbon dioxide) on Water Alternating Gas (WAG) performance in immiscible flooding which has been rarely attended in the available literature is investigated. Core flood experiments are conducted on a 10 cm length Sarvak sandstone core sample at 46 degree C and at immiscible condition, i.e., below the minimum miscible pressure (MMP) of the oil sample using pure CO2 as injected Gas.The influence of injection WAG ratio on oil recovery also is investigated. Artificial injection brine which is made by dissolving NaCl into distilled water with 5000 ppm (mg/L), NaftShahr oil which has about 41 API gravity and...
Scale Formation in Porous Media and its Impact on Reservoir Performance During Water Flooding
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor) ; Taghikhani, Vahid (Co-Supervisor) ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Mineral scale precipitation and carbonate rock dissolution are among the most important reactions that usually occur during water injection in oil reservoirs. These reactions happen due to incompatibility between formation water and injection water as well as deviation from equilibrium conditions. These reactions must be considered precisely because of the fact that they result in variation of reservoir porosity and permeability which affects recovery factor. In this study, the effect of injection pressure on these variations during single-phase water flooding is examined accurately. Additionally, the changes of ion concentration and the amount of dissolved or precipitated calcite or...
Study the Effect of Specific Salt Ions on Interfacial Tension of Water (Lowsalinity/Smart) and Reservoir Fluid in Surface Tension Reducing Materials Flooding by Molecular Dynamic Simulation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahabodin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Water injection is known as one of the most efficient and affordable techniques to displace the oil in the reservoirs. To increase oil recovery efficiency through water injection operation, recently low salinity water injection or water containing a certain amount of effective ions (engineered/low salinity water) is proposed. Besides, improving this technique is also adopted in the oil industry using certain chemicals like surfactants to change the interfacial tension or rock wettability for more oil recovery. In order to study and model the mechanisms involved during surfactant flooding, molecular dynamics simulation is utilized here as a novel technique. The advantage of this method over...
Experimental Investigation of Mechanism of Wettability Alteration Induced By Hot Water and Steam Injection
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the most important production mechanisms of fractured reservoirs is wettability alteration. Since most fractured reservoirs are carbonate, and thus are often oil-wet; production of these reservoirs is facing their special challenges. Since most of our country reservoirs are fractured carbonate type, determination of the exact mechanisms of their production is necessary. Thermal EOR methods traditionally have been welcomed by big oil companies. Also, these methods of enhanced oil recovery techniques, have a much greater share in the production history of all EOR methods, rather than other EOR methods. Exponentially decreasing of oil viscosity on heating, is the main reason for using...
Microscopic Investigation of the Effect of Low Salinity Waterflooding on Asphaltene Precipitation and Deposition Using Microfluidic Method
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahabodin (Supervisor) ; Mahani, Hassan (Supervisor)
Abstract
Water injection, as one of the conventional methods to increase the oil recovery factor has always been at the center of research works for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). The conducted studies show that by controlling the amount and type of ions in the injected water, the recovery efficiency can be improved. In the meantime, most of the investigations are focused on the interaction between water/rock/oil to trace the wettability alteration. However, these interactions especially between the injected water and the oil phase, would lead to change of surface charge distribution of the reservoir rock. Besides, this effect can change some of the characteristics of the fluid phases, especially in...
Predictions of Formation Damage Due to Inorganic Scale Deposition during Water Injection in Oil Reservoirs Using Experimental-Based Mathematical Modeling
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Water flooding is known as a common method to maintain reservoir pressure/enhance oil recovery. The major problem in this process induced from inorganic deposits that caused formation damage around wellbore region. It is due to incompatible nature of injected and formation water which results in permeability reduction and well productivity decrease. Solving this problem is an important issue in the petroleum industry. BaSO4, CaSO4 and SrSO4 are inorganic sediments formed in this process. The physical model of water transport in reservoir and scaling damage due to sediments contains at least two dominant parameters; the kinetics coefficient that specifies the velocity of chemical reaction,...
Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Taghikhani, Vahid (Supervisor) ; Ahadian, Mohammad Mahdi (Supervisor) ; Vosoughi, Manouchehr (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are gaining more attention worldwide as the proved oil is declining and the oil price is hiking. Although many giant oil reservoirs around the world were already screened for EOR processes, the main challenges such as low sweep efficiency, costly techniques, possible formation damages, transportation of huge amounts of EOR agents to the fields especially for offshore cases and the lack of analyzing tools in traditional experimental works, hinder the proposed EOR process.It has been shown that recently, nanoparticles are attractive agents to enhance the oil recovery at the laboratory scale.
In this study TiO2 nanoparticles were used to improve...
In this study TiO2 nanoparticles were used to improve...
Pore-scale Simulation of the Effect of Fluid/fluid and Rock/fluid Interactions During Water Injection on the Residual Oil Distribution and Hysteresis
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fatemi, Mobeen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Low salinity water injection is one of the new and important methods of enhancing oil recovery. Experimental studies show the fact that the change in water salinity affects the interfacial properties of water-oil (Fluid-fluid interactions) And the change in wettability that represents the porous media (Rock-fluid interactions) is effective for Oil-recovery. Recently, progress have been made in simulating the process of injecting low-salinity water into the field or core dimensions. However, the simulation of the low salinity water injection process has been much less studied considering the fluid / fluid and fluid / rock interactions at the pore scale. The purpose of this study is to...
Coupled optimization of enhanced gas recovery and carbon dioxide sequestration in natural gas reservoirs: Case study in a real gas field in the south of Iran
, Article International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control ; Volume 17 , 2013 , Pages 515-522 ; 17505836 (ISSN) ; Jamshidi, S ; Soltanieh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Since the beginning of industrial age the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has been increased significantly due to excessive use of fossil fuels. An effective way for decreasing emission of greenhouse gases is injection of CO2 in geological formations. Moreover, from the reservoir engineering point of view, CO2 injection has been considered as a method of enhancing oil and gas recovery. While using CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been the subject of several studies in the past decades, enhanced gas recovery (EGR) has not been fully studied in the gas reservoirs, mainly because of high recovery factor of gas reservoirs and mixing of the reservoir gas and CO2. In this...
Asphaltene deposition during CO 2 injection and pressure depletion: A visual study
, Article Energy and Fuels ; Volume 26, Issue 2 , December , 2012 , Pages 1412-1419 ; 08870624 (ISSN) ; Ayatollahi, S ; Alamdari, A ; Zolghadr, A ; Dashti, H ; Kord, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Carbon dioxide miscible flooding has become a popular method for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) because it not only efficiently enhances oil recovery but also considerably reduces green house gas emissions. However, it can significantly cause asphaltene deposition, which leads to serious production problems such as wettability alteration, plugging of the reservoir formation, blocking the transportation pipelines, etc. It is crucial to investigate the effects of different factors on asphaltene deposition. A novel experimental setup was prepared to employ a high-pressure visual cell for investigation of asphaltene deposition on a model rock under typical reservoir conditions. The evolution of...
Comprehensive study of asphaltene precipitation due to gas injection: Experimental investigation and modeling
, Article Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference 2011, EORC 2011, 19 July 2011 through 21 July 2011 ; Volume 1 , July , 2011 , Pages 208-219 ; 9781618390929 (ISBN) ; Moradi, S ; Dabir, B ; Emadi, M. A ; Rashtchian, D ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Asphaltene precipitation during natural depletion and miscible gas injection is a common problem in oilfields throughout the world. In this work, static precipitation tests are conducted to investigate effect of pressure, temperature and gas type and concentration on asphaltene instability. Three different oil samples are studied under reservoir conditions with/without nitrogen and methane injection. Besides applying common thermodynamic models, a new scaling equation is presented to predict asphaltene precipitation under HPHT gas injection. Published data from literature are also used in model development. The scaling approach is attractive because it is simple and complex asphaltene...
Application of multi-criterion robust optimization in water-flooding of oil reservoir
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 109 , September , 2013 , Pages 1-11 ; 09204105 (ISSN) ; Pishvaie, M. R ; Khorasheh, F ; Salahshoor, K ; Kharrat, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Most of the reported robust and non-robust optimization works are formulated based on a single-objective optimization, commonly in terms of net present value. However, variation of economical parameters such as oil price and costs forces such high computational optimization works to regenerate their optimum water injection policies. Furthermore, dynamic optimization strategies of water-flooding often lack robustness to geological uncertainties. This paper presents a multi-objective while robust optimization methodology by incorporating three dedicated objective functions. The goal is to determine optimized and robust water injection policies for all injection wells. It focuses on reducing...
Pareto-based robust optimization of water-flooding using multiple realizations
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 132 , 2015 , Pages 18-27 ; 09204105 (ISSN) ; Pishvaie, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier
2015
Abstract
Robust optimization (RO) approach is inherently a multi-objective paradigm. The proposed multi-objective optimization formulation would attempt to find the optimum - yet robust - water injection policies. Two multi-objective, Pareto-based robust optimization scenarios have been investigated to encounter the permeability uncertainties. These multi-objective RO scenarios have been done based on a small representative set of realizations but they have introduced optimum points that could be reliable for the original set of realizations either. In both scenarios, the desired objective functions are expected value and variance of Net Present Value (NPV). The underlying RO scenarios have been done...
Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting: An experimental and theoretical study
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 90-91 , July , 2012 , Pages 107-111 ; 09204105 (ISSN) ; Ganjian, K ; Fattahi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
Desalting plants are often installed in crude oil production units in order to remove water-soluble salts from an oil stream. Experiments in both the laboratory and field have shown the desalting process parameters to be very complicated. This research reflects the results of a study conducted regarding the impact of operational desalting parameters, including the effects of temperature, injected chemicals and the pH of the crude oil associated water, on an electrostatic desalter on one of the oil platforms owned by the Iranian Oil Offshore Company in the Persian Gulf. The temperature range applied was between 98 to 133 °C, at which the effects on water and oil density as well as salt...
Prediction of asphaltene precipitation during solvent/CO2 injection conditions: A comparative study on thermodynamic micellization model with a different characterization approach and solid model
, Article Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology ; Vol. 50, issue. 3 , March , 2011 , p. 65-74 ; Masihi, M ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Kharrat, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
There are different thermodynamic models that have been applied for modelling of asphaltene precipitation caused by various reasons, such as solvent/CO2 injection and pressure depletion. In this work, two computer codes based on two different asphaltene precipitation thermodynamic models-the first being the thermodynamic micellization model with a different characterization approach and the second being the solid model-have been developed and used for predicting asphaltene precipitation data reported in the literature as well as in the obtained data for Sarvak reservoir crude, which is one of the most potentially problematic Iranian heavy oil reserves under gas injection conditions. For the...