Sharif Digital Repository

The Ni-base superalloy GTD-111 is employed in high-power stationary gas turbines because of its high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. The temperature dependence of the tensile behavior of GTD-111 has been studied by tensile tests in the temperature range of 25-900°C with a constant strain rate of 10-4s-1. The results showed an abnormal tensile property variation with increasing temperature. The yield strength decreased slightly with temperature up to about 650°C and then increased between 650 and 750°C. Above 750°C, a rapid decrease in the yield strength was found. The tensile strength showed a similar behavior except for its maximum that occurred at 650°C. The elongation... 

A semi-analytical method is developed for the analysis of deformation and three-dimensional stress field in rotating annular disks made of cylindrically orthotropic nested rings. The method is based on a layerwise theory and the Hamilton principle. The proposed method is applied to calculate in-plane and out-of-plane stresses in a rotating disk made up of two nested rings that is rigidly fixed (or free) at the inner boundary and is free at the outer boundary. The computed results are compared with those obtained from the finite element method. It is found that because of discontinuity of material properties, the stress field is three-dimensional at the interface of two rings. © 2004 Elsevier... 

A great amount of work has been done over the past few years to understand the structure-properties relationship in polypropylene/glass fiber composites. This is because of the very fast-growing rate of polypropylene applications in the automotive and other industries. This work focused on the role of glass fibers and fiber-matrix adhesion on deformation mechanism. Composites with different fiber content, with and without adhesion promoter, were fabricated. Tensile tests and microscopy techniques were conducted. Based on the results, a physical model has been proposed that illustrates the initiation and growth of the damage under static loading condition. According to this work, the... 

Despite the importance of deformation mechanisms on mechanical behavior of materials, not much attention is paid to this subject for glass-fiber/polypropylene (GF/PP) composite. Thus, it is noteworthy that it is the type of deformation mechanism that largely determines the energy absorbed prior to fracture. Hence, understanding this phenomenon is of great importance in analyzing the mechanical performance of this composite system. This paper aims to present a physical model for elucidating the role of short glass fibers and their adhesion to the matrix on the deformation behavior of polypropylene composites  

A study has been made to determine the influence of the carbon content on the kinetics of dynamic and static recrystallization during and after hot deformation of carbon steels. For this purpose, single- and double-hit hot compression experiments at various strain rates and temperatures together with the Avrami-type kinetics equation and Bergstrom approach have been utilized to investigate recrystallization behavior. The results show that the apparent activation energy of hot deformation decreases with increasing carbon content and this phenomenon results in a faster dynamic recrystallization at high temperatures and/or low strain rates. Also, increasing carbon content leads to a higher rate... 

A study has been made to determine the influence of the carbon content on the kinetics of dynamic and static recrystallization during and after hot deformation of carbon steels. For this purpose, single- and double-hit hot compression experiments at various strain rates and temperatures together with the Avrami-type kinetics equation and Bergstrom approach have been utilized to investigate recrystallization behavior. The results show that the apparent activation energy of hot deformation decreases with increasing carbon content and this phenomenon results in a faster dynamic recrystallization at high temperatures and/or low strain rates. Also, increasing carbon content leads to a higher rate... 

A mathematical model has been proposed for evaluation of velocity and temperature fields in hot forging operations for axisymmetric parts. The model can be applied to determine forging load, strain rate, strain and temperature distributions. In addition, the effects of temperature and strain rate on metal flow have been considered through simultaneous modelling of dynamic phase transformation within the deforming metal. Hot forging experiments have been carried out under different working conditions and the results have been compared with the predictions. A good agreement between the simulated and experimental results was found. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved  

In recent decades, great attention has been devoted to the toughening of isotactic poly(propylene) (PP) with elastomers such as ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR). The most important reasons for this interest are the moderate cost and favorable properties of PP. This article is focused on the role of EPR in the deformation and fracture mechanism of PP/EPR blends with different volume fractions of elastomer phase. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile tests, and microscopy techniques were used in this study. The fracture mechanism of isotactic PP toughened by EPR (PP/EPR) has also been studied by three point bending (3-PB) and four point bending (4-PB) tests. Rubber particle... 

In last decades, rubber-toughened polymer blends have been the object of considerable interest by many investigators, owing to their attractive mechanical as well as physical properties. Polypropylene (PP) is a type of polyolefin which can be toughened using rubber particles. In another paper [J. Appl. Polym. Sci., submitted for publication], the role of ethylene-propylene (EPR) particles on the deformation mechanism during tensile tests and the fracture mechanism under quasi-static loading tests has been investigated. This paper is instead focused on the role of EPR particles on the fracture mechanism under dynamic loading (impact properties) of EPR/PP blends. Blends with different weight... 

Material discontinuity could cause in-plane stress gradients that it arises interlaminar stresses in regions of sudden transition of material properties. A layerwise laminated beam theory that is a modification of a layerwise laminated plate theory is developed and it is used to analyze analytically the interlaminar stresses at material discontinuities in rotating composite beams. Equations of motion are obtained by using Hamilton's principle. It is assumed that the beam is divided into two regions with different layups which are joined together. The predicted interlaminar stress distributions at the ply interfaces are shown to be in good agreement with comparative three-dimensional finite... 

The strengthening behavior of particle reinforced metal-matrix composites is primarily attributed to the dislocation strengthening effect and the load transfer effect. To account for these two effects in a unified way, a new multi-scale approach is developed in this paper incorporating the aspect ratio effect into the geometrically necessary dislocation strengthening relationships. By making use of this multi-scale approach, the deformation behavior of metal-matrix composites (MMCs) and metal-matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) as a function of size, volume fraction, aspect ratio, etc. of the particles has been investigated. Comparison with the previously proposed models and the available... 

The fracture mechanism of isotactic polypropylene has been studied by three- and four-point bending tests. The result of three-point bending test shows that a wide spread damage zone is present in front of the notch. Looking in more detail via cross-polarised light shows the evidence of birefringence in the stress-whitened zone. Increasing the applied load causes it to spread out the stress-whitened zone. Then the craze-like features are nucleated inside the stress-whitened region. The result of four-point bending test shows that craze-like damage appears in front of pre-crack and its propagation is dictated by spherulite microstructure. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved  

The main goal of this study is to further understanding of the role of rubber particles on deformation mechanisms in PP/EPR blend. For doing this standard tensile specimens were produced using injection molding. The results of microscopic evaluation of tensile specimen after some stretching show that damage forms in some points and then propagates in different directions. Also some elongated voids are observed, those are probably formed due to cavitation of rubber particles or debonding at the interface. With regard to achieved micrographs one may conclude that the deformation mechanism in PP/EPR blend can be massive dilatational shear banding due to repeated cavitation. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd.... 

The fracture mechanism of hybrid iPP-EPR-GF composites has been studied by notched Charpy, three- and four-point bending fracture tests. The results of impact tests illustrate that increasing both temperature and EPR/GF ratio increases the impact energy of iPP-EPR-GF. Indeed, with increasing temperature, a brittle, ductile, transition temperature (BDTT) occurs. The results of a three-point bending test show that fracture toughness (KIC) can be improved by addition of both GF and EPR. Since the trend in the fracture toughness values is close to what would be expected by the rule of blends, it can be concluded that the use of both GF and EPR has no significant synergistic effect on toughening.... 

The modification of polypropylene (PP) with a combination of ethylene/ propylene rubber (EPR) and glass fibres (GF) is a well known route to improving its mechanical properties. This is because the reductions in stiffness and strength due to the presence of rubber particles are more than compensated by the addition of short glass fibres. This study has focused on the combined effects of glass fibres and rubber particles on the mechanical properties and mechanisms of deformation in PP-EPR-GF hybrid composites. Several composites with different amounts of rubber and short glass fibres were examined. To study possible synergistic effects, the total combined weight fraction of rubber and fibres... 

In this paper, we address global non-fragile control and synchronization of a new fractional order chaotic system. First we inspect the chaotic behavior of the fractional order system under study and also find the lowest order (2.49) for the introduced dynamics to remain chaotic. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition which can be easily extended to other fractional-order systems is proposed in terms of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) to check whether the candidate state feedback controller with parameter uncertainty can guarantee zero convergence of error or not. In addition, the proposed method provides a global zero attraction of error that guarantees stability around all existing... 

The first step to locate Partial Discharge in power transformers is to find a model that can clearly explain the behavior of the winding in high-frequency. The detailed model is one of the models used for the study of PD. One of the fundamental problems of the described model is to find its parameters. And the accuracy in calculating these parameters has significant impact on reducing the simulation error and PD locating. The current paper seeks to calculate the parameters of the detailed model 20kv distribution transformer winding by using the finite element method (FEM). Comparing the results of this model with pulse waveforms obtained from the PD to the winding in the laboratory... 

A single-degree-of-freedom model is considered for flexible exercise bars based on the lumped-element approach. By considering the side segment of a flexible bar as a cantilever beam with an equivalent mass at the free end, its free-vibration response, as well as the forced response under the excitation of the grip, are expressed parametrically. Experiments are performed on a particular flexible bar (FLEXI-BAR) in order to obtain numerical values for quantifying the model's parameters. The model is also computationally simulated to study the response of the flexible bar to various excitations. The results are imported into a multi-segment musculoskeletal software (AnyBody), where the effect... 

While the differentiation factors have been widely used to differentiate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into various cell types, they can cause harm at the same time. Therefore, it is beneficial to propose methods to differentiate MSCs without factors. Herein, magnetoelectric (ME) nanofibers were synthesized as the scaffold for the growth of MSCs and their differentiation into neural cells without factors. This nanocomposite takes the advantage of the synergies of the magnetostrictive filler, CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (CFO), and piezoelectric polymer, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). Graphene oxide nanosheets were decorated with CFO nanoparticles for a proper dispersion in the polymer through...