Sharif Digital Repository

Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which is one of the major cause of worldwide’s mortality. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are rare cancer cells released from the primary or metastatic tumors and transported though the peripheral circulatory system and spreads in body and seize healthy organs. Early detection of CTCs can help in overtaking the cancer, hence isolation of CTCs is an essential step for many therapeutics. In spite of its clinical potential, the isolation and detection of CTCs has been a challenging task due to its rare presence amongst other blood cells (as low as 1–10 CTCs per billions of blood cells), similarity to white blood cell in size and also variability in terms of... 

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with synthetic recognition sites are capable of detecting and separating chemical species in complex environments. These characteristics are of increasing interest for bioanalytical applications. The chief advantages of MIPs are mechanical and chemical stability, low cost, and ease of preparation. Recently, imprinting technology has been used for fabrication polymer thin films with recognition sites of proteins, plant viruses, and yeasts. Also few investigations applied lithography for synthesis of cell imprinted polymers targeting cell detection and observation of cell morphology.
For the first time, we demonstrate surface imprinting for the... 

Separation and identification of metal nanoparticles in surface water samples such as river water is very important. Nanoparticles specially metal nanoparticles have small dimensions can easily pass through from the body's outer immune system and disrupt biological function. Most of the nanoparticles have active surface so environmental contaminants can be absorbed on their surface and then can penerated in the body, and they may cause disease. Therefore determination of nanoparticles type and concentrations and their separation from the surrounding environment, especially surface waters is important. Separation and preconcentration of metal nanoparticles was done by using cloud point... 

At the beginning of the 20th century, Albert Einstein introduced the equations of general relativity, opening a new avenue for investigating various phenomena. One of the predictions of these equations, gravitational lensing, was observed by Eddington during his lifetime, confirming the theory's ability to describe nature. Gravitational lensing can be categorized into three types: strong lensing, weak lensing, and microlensing. The current focus of research is on observing the separation phenomenon in gravitational microlensing. The observation of gravitational microlensing provides valuable insights into the composition of celestial bodies in the universe. Calculating the mass of different... 

Microfluidics, employing fluids in structures with micrometer dimensions, is an emerging technology that has brought great opportunities to develop various devices including lab-on-a-chip systems. Lab-on-a-chip systems have the advantages of integrating several stages of different analytical methods, application in diverse fields, consumption of small volumes of samples, and portability. One of the crucial applications of lab-on-a-chip devices is sorting cells and biological particles, done by different methods. In separator devices, high separation efficiency and repeatability are critical. When a neutral particle is polarized in a non-uniform electric field, the dielectrophoresis force... 

Clogging of the pores of the porous medium occurs in different processes such as geothermal injection pumps, hydrocarbon wells, and underground water extraction wells. We need a model that can simulate these blockages in order to predict how fundamental variables of the porous medium change under different flow regimes and different particle sizes in the fluid (for example, the relationship between porosity and permeability changes). The aim is to simulate clogging in a porous medium using a pore network model. Simulations should model pore clogging and show how the permeability of the sample changes due to pore clogging. In the pore network, there are often thousands (or millions) of pores... 

Triclosan is widely used as an antibacterial agent in personal health care products, especially in recent years with the spread of the Coronavirus. This substance is one of the emerging contaminants, and due to its stable and toxic nature, this material cannot be destroyed in the process of biological wastewater treatment. In this research, a new bacterial strain was isolated and purified from industrial wastewater for the biological removal of triclosan. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, it was found that the isolated strain belongs to the Enterobacter cloacae family and can grow in high concentrations of triclosan. It was observed that naphthalene dioxygenase and laccase enzymes are active... 

In the dairy industry, for the processing of raw milk, including the isolation of living bacteria and microorganisms from milk to increase the shelf life and improve the taste of milk, or the isolation of casein and whey proteins from milk for pHarmaceutical and medical purposes, as well as the production of low-lactose or lactose-free milk for patients with Digestive problems, use membrane processes, especially ultrafiltration and microfiltration, and the main problem in these methods is the fouling of the polymer membranes used, which results in the loss of flux or the reduction of product quality and system efficiency. With the help of bulk modification and surface modification of the... 

Due to population growth, the demand for water supply has increased. This need has drawn attention to the use of consumed and treatable water resources. Organic pollutants are a key source of water pollution. On the other hand, petrochemical oil pollution and frequent oil accidents during oil production or maritime transport have become one of the environmental problems.There are different methods for water and oil separation and water purification that in the present project, selective separation can be achieved by using hydrophobic materials and surface roughness and creating surfaces with two properties: superhydrophobic and ultra-oil friendly. This method is also very effective, cheap...