Sharif Digital Repository

With the production from the reservoirs, the amount of in-situ oil storage has decreased and there is a need to increase oil recovery (EOR) from the reservoir. Increased oil recovery (EOR) includes operations such as acidizing and hydraulic fracturing. Considering the economic and high operational costs and geomechanical complexities, as well as the technical progress of hydraulic fracturing and its future; It is necessary to manage hydraulic fracturing operations optimally. This research is about hydraulic fracturing and its main goal is to optimize the parameters of the fracture or the geometry of the fracture. The research study was carried out on the Bangistan Reservoir located in the... 

Rapid gas kick detection is an essential tool in safe well control operation. Gas kick can be defined as the uncontrolled release of gas from the formation into the wellbore due to insufficient hydrostatic pressure of the drilling mud. Delay in gas kick detection makes it challenging to control the well properly and may lead to blowout when gas reaches the surface, causing irreparable damage to life, property, and the environment. The usual method of identifying this phenomenon is through surface parameters such as increasing the return flow rate of drilling mud at the surface or increasing pit gain. The use of oil-based mud makes it more challenging to detect. Because, unlike water-based... 

Investigation of reservoir performance and long-term production prediction are main goal of numerical simulation. Numerical simulation mainly consists of solving sets of non-linear equations developed by combination of continuity equation, equation of state and Darcy equation. Classical methods such as finite difference method (FDM), finite volume method (FVM) and finite element method (FEM) are widely used for solving sets of fluid flow equations that mentioned above. Researchers have used other methods like boundary element method recently. Each of these methods has their own restrictions. But the main source of error in these methods is due to numerical estimation of spatial derivatives... 

The reduction of the effective permeability of the reservoir rock in the production area due to various factors is called formation damage. Formation damage is always one of the topics discussed in petroleum engineering. Among the primary and important cases that lead to damage to the formation are the filtration of drilling mud into the production area and the deposition of colloidal particles inside the porous rock during the drilling operation. The length of the productive zone in contact with the drilling fluid usually reaches several hundred feet in Iranian formations. In this study, the aim is to more accurately estimate the amount of permeability reduction caused by the penetration of... 

During the drilling of oil and gas wells, the probability of a kick resulting in blow out is high. In the event of a kick, well should be controlled immediately and prevented blowing out. Common methods include: driller method, wait and weight method and concurrent method. In this project, simulation of well control process is done for common well control methods, for water based muds and oil based muds. Movement of different fluids, their combination and removal of fluid from the well are simulated and the results are listed. The flash calculations are done for oil based mud and dissolution of kick fluid in the oil based mud is considered. After simulating and calculating necessary... 

This paper presents finite-element simulation results for hydraulic fracture’s initiation, propagation at reservoirs with damaged zone and naturally fractured reservoirs that likely finds in Iranian oil fields. To address this objective, a two-dimensional poro-elastic model was solved and cohesive zone modeling was used as the methodology for simulation fractures. This enables us to assign individual criteria for fracture initiation and propagation in each model. Our results demonstrate that hydraulic fracturing is not useful in reservoir with strongly damaged zone around the wellbore, because pore pressure increases at that zone and plastic flow of fracture wall happens, so it is better to... 

Oil reservoirs, have integrated identity; that is they consist of different parameters such as wettablity, initial water saturation, capillary and gravity forces, etc. which are related to each other and affect ultimate recovery simultaneously. In fractured reservoirs, other parameters such as fractures and complex geological structures are also considered  among  important  parameters  which  affect  ultimate  recovery.  Due  to  large  amount  of reserves,  fractured  reservoirs  are  subject  to  different  studies  and  simulations.  In  this  research, different  parameters  which  affect  ultimate  recovery  in  fractured  reservoirs,  are  studied  and simulated. Different  studies ... 

Matrix acidizing aims at bypassing near wellbore damages in typical carbonate reservoirs or enhancing permeability and hydraulic conductivity in naturally fracture ones. The simulation of acidizing process at pore scale and complex geometries by LBM will lead to gain more knowledge about molecular mechanisms that govern rock dissolution, diffusion and advection of reactive fluid and help the evaluation of acidizing efficiency.In this thesis, simulation of acidizing includes the following steps:
• Multicomponent fluid convection
• Fluid diffusion into the solid
• Fluid-rock reaction
• Boundary conditions including periodic, bounceback, non-equilibrium bounceback, Dirichlet,... 

One of the most important problem in oil and gas well drilling is well cleaning and pipe sticking. This problem more sensitive when depth is increase. When a well is drilled, cuttings must be transported to the surface. For this reasen use drilling mud to circulate in well and transport the cuttings. Drilling mud exit from bit nozzle, wash and clean the well. Well cleaning depends on this parameter: fluid viscosity, annulas flowrate, well inclination, cutting size and shape, cutting density and mud density.The aim of this thesis is study and simulate of cutting transport phenoimena while drilling is running with comertial software like Fluent and Comsol. We study forces acts on cutting... 

In the recent two decades Lattice Boltzmann method has been introduced as a class of computational fluid dynamic methods for fluid simulation. In this method instead of solving Navier-Stocks equation, Boltzmann equation is solved to simulate the flow of a fluid. This method originally was developed based on uniform grids which makes lattice Boltzmann a time consuming technique. This feature already exists in the case of simulation of fluid flow in porous media. To eliminate this limitation some research has been done on methods to formulate lattice Boltzmann on unstructured grids. On the basis of this research a method on non-uniform grids has been selected. Here using object oriented... 

Because of the importance of simulations in the oil industry, there are different software applications designed for this purpose. The purpose of the simulation in the oil industry is to reduce operational errors during the operation and to achieve the most ideal mode of operation. However, in the simulation of multiphase fluid flow because of the special circumstance, simulation plays an important role in the oil industry. OLGA multiphase flow simulation software is a strong simulation software for water, oil, Gas wells, wellhead facilities, refineries and pipelines and it is capable of simulating pipelines under various dynamic conditions. Simulation of drilling hydraulic parameters is... 

This paper describes the use of Quad-Tree Decomposition for upscaling of absolute permeability 2D geological models. Quad-Tree Decomposition is a data structure and generates an unstructured upscaled model that preserves the heterogeneity of the original geological model. In other words, in high-variability regions of the geological model, the gridblocks of the upscaled model remain small but in other regions that the permeability variation is low, the gridblocks of the upscaled model are coarsened. Quad-Tree Decomposition is a very simple, efficient and robust method that reduces the total number of gridblocks and results to high saving in time and memory required to flow simulation in the... 

Today, due to a massive increase in accuracy of reservoir characterization models, multiphase flow simulation on real permeability fields faces a serious challenge. Using multiscale methods in reservoir flow simulation of a heterogeneous environment has led to huge speed-up of the simulation. In multiscale methods, instead of replacing a heterogeneous medium by an equivalent homogeneous medium, used in upscaling, the problem is solved on the original resolution. In this thesis, multiscale finite volume method (MSFV) has been used to simulate flow and saturation behavior of a black oil model. Unlike the original multiscale finite volume methods that were unable to solve compressible fluid... 

Injection of acid into the carbonate rock dissolves the rock, and the porous medium is constantly changing. As a result, the boundaries between the acid and the porous medium, which are in fact the interface between the solid phase and the liquid phase, are constantly changing. Therefore, on the issue of acid injection into carbonate rock, we are facing dynamic boundary conditions. Also, due to the simultaneous solution of transfer and reaction phenomena, modeling acid injection into carbonate rock faces many challenges.In such problems, the ALE method, which is a combination of the best features of the Lagrangian method and the Eulerian method, offers a very precise solution and is used as... 

Clogging of the pores of the porous medium occurs in different processes such as geothermal injection pumps, hydrocarbon wells, and underground water extraction wells. We need a model that can simulate these blockages in order to predict how fundamental variables of the porous medium change under different flow regimes and different particle sizes in the fluid (for example, the relationship between porosity and permeability changes). The aim is to simulate clogging in a porous medium using a pore network model. Simulations should model pore clogging and show how the permeability of the sample changes due to pore clogging. In the pore network, there are often thousands (or millions) of pores... 

Reactive flow through porous media is a phenomenon of high importance in various study subjects i.e. groundwater, mining, geology, and petroleum reservoirs. In petroleum engineering, a related topic to this phenomenon is the dissolution of the rock matrix due to acidizing. Near_wellbore carbonate rock acidizing has been used for decades in the petroleum industry to enhance the productivity of the well. Optimal injection rate is a key question in such operations. Various models have been used to simulate reactive flow in porous media many of which are continuum-scale that face significant uncertainty regarding the pore-scale nature of the flow, mass transfer, reaction, and subsequent changes... 

During the Acidizing process in oil and gas reservoirs, the injected acid reacts with the rock grains, changes the rock pore structure and affects the flow conditions. Due to the presence of a large concentration gradient at the vicinity of the rock grains and the continuous changes in rock-fluid interfaces of the porous medium, the continuum assumption has been remained debatable for the effective local mass transport and effective molecular diffusion coefficients and the porosity-permeability relation in the continuum scale modeling of this process. Therefore, the need for pore scale modelling is evident. The novelty of this study relies in adapting the grid refinement method on the... 

An important step in the early stages of an oilfield development is the accurate identification of the location of production and injection wells which has a significant impact on productivity and profitability of the reservoir. Recently, operation companies in petroleum industry focus on production optimization, recovery enhancement and cost reduction; as a result, application of non-conventional wells (NCW) or non-vertical wells have dramatically increased. Well placement optimization is a complicated task as it is a function of several contributing factors including reservoir heterogeneities and economic constraints. The complexity of this task increases when it is considered as a... 

Gas-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage (GAGD) is a new enhanced oil recovery method which utilizes the natural tendency of gas and oil to segregate due to gravity. Higher recovery of GAGD, compared to continuous gas injection (CGI) and Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) makes it the focus of researches in recent years. This work is trying to propose a surrogate model based on Artificial Neural Networks for GAGD process. The proposed model should be able to mimic the behavior the process in a short time in order to be used as an alternative computationally expensive simulator where a large number of simulations are needed, such as sensitivity analysis, optimization of the process, or risk analysis. A... 

In this work, a basic model for numerically simulating matrix acidizing in carbonate formations is developed. This model employs laboratory linear acid core-flooding data and avoids any fitting parameters. Wellbore-scale numerical simulation is based on finite-volume method with Cartesian coordination and cubic meshing. Mass transfer equations are based on fluid front tracking and the momentum transfer equation is the Navier-Stokes equation for flow in porous media. The effect of fine-scale dissolution phenomena of carbonate rocks are translated into the coarse-scale by homogenization. In this work, it is tried to achieve a simple but logical approach towards a correct simulation, avoiding...