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Design and simulation of an integrated centrifugal microfluidic device for CTCs separation and cell lysis
, Article Micromachines ; Volume 11, Issue 7 , July , 2020 ; Shamloo, A ; Akbari, J ; Tebon, P ; Dokmeci, M. R ; Ahadian, S ; Sharif University of Technology
MDPI AG
2020
Abstract
Separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples and subsequent DNA extraction from these cells play a crucial role in cancer research and drug discovery. Microfluidics is a versatile technology that has been applied to create niche solutions to biomedical applications, such as cell separation and mixing, droplet generation, bioprinting, and organs on a chip. Centrifugal microfluidic biochips created on compact disks show great potential in processing biological samples for point of care diagnostics. This study investigates the design and numerical simulation of an integrated microfluidic device, including a cell separation unit for isolating CTCs from a blood sample and a...
Microfluidic-based approaches in targeted cell/particle separation based on physical properties: fundamentals and applications
, Article Small ; Volume 16, Issue 29 , 2020 ; Shamloo, A ; Ahadian, S ; Amirifar, L ; Akbari, J ; Goudie, M. J ; Lee, K ; Ashammakhi, N ; Dokmeci, M. R ; Di Carlo, D ; Khademhosseini, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Wiley-VCH Verlag
2020
Abstract
Cell separation is a key step in many biomedical research areas including biotechnology, cancer research, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While conventional cell sorting approaches have led to high-efficiency sorting by exploiting the cell's specific properties, microfluidics has shown great promise in cell separation by exploiting different physical principles and using different properties of the cells. In particular, label-free cell separation techniques are highly recommended to minimize cell damage and avoid costly and labor-intensive steps of labeling molecular signatures of cells. In general, microfluidic-based cell sorting approaches can separate cells using “intrinsic”...
Design of peptide-based inhibitor agent against amyloid-β aggregation: Molecular docking, synthesis and in vitro evaluation
, Article Bioorganic Chemistry ; Volume 102 , September , 2020 ; Erfani, M ; Bavi, O ; Khazaei, S ; Sharifzadeh, M ; Hajiramezanali, M ; Beiki, D ; Shamloo, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Academic Press Inc
2020
Abstract
Formation of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide aggregations represents an indispensable role in appearing and progression of Alzheimer disease. β-sheet breaker peptides can be designed and modified with different amino acids in order to improve biological properties and binding affinity to the amyloid beta peptide. In the present study, three peptide sequences were designed based on the hopeful results of LIAIMA peptide and molecular docking studies were carried out onto the monomer and fibril structure of amyloid beta peptide using AutoDock Vina software. According to the obtained interactions and binding energy from docking, the best-designed peptide (D-GABA-FPLIAIMA) was chosen and...
Fluidic barriers in droplet-based centrifugal microfluidics: Generation of multiple emulsions and microspheres
, Article Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical ; Volume 311 , May , 2020 ; Madou, M. J ; Dorri Nokoorani, Y ; Shamloo, A ; Martinez Chapa, S. O ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B. V
2020
Abstract
Droplet generation is very important in biochemical processes such as cell encapsulation, digital PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), and drug delivery. In the present paper, a density-based method called “fluidic barrier” is introduced to produce multiple emulsions on a centrifugal microfluidic platform or Lab-on-a-CD (LOCD). We show that the density and the viscosity of the fluids involved are important parameters for predicting the characteristics of the droplets generated with this method. Moreover, we broadened this concept by using the fluidic barriers to separate reactive chemicals. As a proof of concept, alginate and CaCl2 solutions are separated by an oil barrier to control the...
Combined effects of electric stimulation and microgrooves in cardiac tissue-on-a-chip for drug screening
, Article Small Methods ; Volume 4, Issue 10 , 2020 ; Zhou, X ; Nasiri, R ; Fang, J ; Jiang, X ; Wang, C ; Qu, M ; Ling, H ; Chen, Y ; Xue, Y ; Hartel, M.C ; Tebon, P ; Zhang, S ; Kim, H.-J ; Yuan, X ; Shamloo, A ; Dokmeci, M. R ; Li, S ; Khademhosseini, A ; Ahadian, S ; Sun, W ; Sharif University of Technology
John Wiley and Sons Inc
2020
Abstract
Animal models and traditional cell cultures are essential tools for drug development. However, these platforms can show striking discrepancies in efficacy and side effects when compared to human trials. These differences can lengthen the drug development process and even lead to drug withdrawal from the market. The establishment of preclinical drug screening platforms that have higher relevancy to physiological conditions is desirable to facilitate drug development. Here, a heart-on-a-chip platform, incorporating microgrooves and electrical pulse stimulations to recapitulate the well-aligned structure and synchronous beating of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for drug screening, is reported. Each chip...
Parametric study of droplet formation and characteristics within microfluidic devices - A case study
, Article International Journal of Applied Mechanics ; Volume 12, Issue 7 , 2020 ; Shamloo, A ; Kazemzadeh Hannani, S ; Sharif University of Technology
World Scientific
2020
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics technologies hold great attention in a wide range of applications, including chemical analysis, drug screening, and food industries. This work aimed to describe the effects of different physical properties of the two immiscible phases on droplet formation in a flow-focusing microfluidic device and determining proper flow rates to form a droplet within the desired size range. A numerical model was developed to solve the governing equations of two-phase flow and the results were validated with previous experimental results. The results demonstrate different types of droplet formation regimes from dripping to jetting and different production rates of droplets as a...
Microfluidic technologies to engineer mesenchymal stem cell aggregates—applications and benefits
, Article Biophysical Reviews ; Volume 12, Issue 1 , 2020 , Pages 123-133 ; Shamloo, A ; Kazemzadeh Hannani, S. K ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer
2020
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture and the forming multicellular aggregates are superior over traditional monolayer approaches due to better mimicking of in vivo conditions and hence functions of a tissue. A considerable amount of attention has been devoted to devising efficient methods for the rapid formation of uniform-sized multicellular aggregates. Microfluidic technology describes a platform of techniques comprising microchannels to manipulate the small number of reagents with unique properties and capabilities suitable for biological studies. The focus of this review is to highlight recent studies of using microfluidics, especially droplet-based types for the formation, culture, and...
Enzymatic outside-in cross-linking enables single-step microcapsule production for high-throughput three-dimensional cell microaggregate formation
, Article Materials Today Bio ; Volume 6 , 2020 ; Salehi, S. S ; Henke, S ; Shamloo, A ; Kamperman, T ; Karperien, M ; Leijten, J ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2020
Abstract
Cell-laden hydrogel microcapsules enable the high-throughput production of cell aggregates, which are relevant for three-dimensional tissue engineering and drug screening applications. However, current microcapsule production strategies are limited by their throughput, multistep protocols, and limited amount of compatible biomaterials. We here present a single-step process for the controlled microfluidic production of single-core microcapsules using enzymatic outside-in cross-linking of tyramine-conjugated polymers. It was hypothesized that a physically, instead of the conventionally explored biochemically, controlled enzymatic cross-linking process would improve the reproducibility,...
Volume and concentration dosing in picolitres using a two-channel microfluidic AFM cantilever
, Article Nanoscale ; Volume 12, Issue 18 , 2020 , Pages 10292-10305 ; Madadelahi, M ; Sarajlic, E ; Shamloo, A ; Engel, A. H ; Staufer, U ; Ghatkesar, M. K ; Sharif University of Technology
NLM (Medline)
2020
Abstract
We introduce a two-channel microfluidic atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever that combines the nanomechanical sensing functionality of an AFM cantilever with the ability to manipulate fluids of picolitres or smaller volumes through nanoscale apertures near the cantilever tip. Each channel is connected to a separate fluid reservoir, which can be independently controlled by pressure. Various systematic experiments with fluorescent liquids were done by either injecting the liquids from the on-chip reservoir or aspirating directly through the nanoscale apertures at the tip. A flow rate analysis of volume dosing, aspiration and concentration dosing inside the liquid medium was performed. To...
Nonlinear mechanics of soft composites: hyperelastic characterization of white matter tissue components
, Article Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology ; Volume 19, Issue 3 , 2020 , Pages 1143-1153 ; Shamloo, A ; Farahmand, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer
2020
Abstract
This paper presents a bi-directional closed-form analytical solution, in the framework of nonlinear soft composites mechanics, for top-down hyperelastic characterization of brain white matter tissue components, based on the directional homogenized responses of the tissue in the axial and transverse directions. The white matter is considered as a transversely isotropic neo-Hookean composite made of unidirectional distribution of axonal fibers within the extracellular matrix. First, two homogenization formulations are derived for the homogenized axial and transverse shear moduli of the tissue, based on definition of the strain energy density function. Next, the rule of mixtures and...
Extended finite element method in plasticity forming of powder compaction with contact friction
, Article International Journal of Solids and Structures ; Volume 43, Issue 18-19 , 2006 , Pages 5421-5448 ; 00207683 (ISSN) ; Shamloo, A ; Azami, A. R ; Sharif University of Technology
2006
Abstract
In this paper, a new computational technique is presented based on the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) in pressure-sensitive plasticity of powder compaction considering frictional contact. In X-FEM, the need for mesh adaption to discontinuity interface is neglected and the process is accomplished by partitioning the domain with some triangular sub-elements whose Gauss points are used for integration of the domain of the elements. The technique is applied by employing additional functions, which are added to approximate the displacement field of the elements located on the interface. The double-surface cap plasticity model is employed within the X-FEM framework in numerical simulation...
The extended finite element method (X-FEM) for powder forming problems
, Article Journal of Materials Processing Technology ; Volume 177, Issue 1-3 , 2006 , Pages 53-57 ; 09240136 (ISSN) ; Shamloo, A ; Anahid, M ; Shahim, K ; Sharif University of Technology
2006
Abstract
In this paper, the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) is developed in pressure-sensitive plasticity of powder compaction process. In X-FEM, the need for mesh adaption to discontinuity interface is neglected and the process is accomplished by employing additional functions, which are added to approximate the displacement field of the elements located on the interface. The double-surface cap plasticity model is employed within the X-FEM framework in numerical simulation of powder material. The plasticity model includes a failure surface and an elliptical cap, which closes the open space between the failure surface and hydrostatic axis. The moving cap expands in the stress space according...
Enhanced oil-in-water droplet generation in a T-junction microchannel using water-based nanofluids with shear-thinning behavior: A numerical study
, Article Physics of Fluids ; Volume 33, Issue 1 , 2021 ; 10706631 (ISSN) ; Shamloo, A ; Kazemzadeh Hannani, S ; Sharif University of Technology
American Institute of Physics Inc
2021
Abstract
Nanofluids are widely used as the continuous phase during droplet formation in microsystems due to their impressive features such as excellent thermal, magnetic, and interfacial properties. Although it is well-known that nanofluids are susceptible to exhibit non-Newtonian behavior even at a low concentration of nanoparticles, effects of non-Newtonian behavior of nanofluids have not been studied on droplet formation thus far. In this study, oil-in-water droplet formation with a relatively high viscosity ratio of the immiscible phases was studied numerically in a T-junction microchannel. To inspect the non-Newtonian effects of aqueous nanofluids on droplet formation, empirical data on the...
Targeted pulmonary drug delivery in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) therapy: A patient-specific in silico study based on magnetic nanoparticles-coated microcarriers adhesion
, Article International Journal of Pharmaceutics ; Volume 609 , 2021 ; 03785173 (ISSN) ; Shamloo, A ; Alishiri, M ; Mozhdehbakhsh Mofrad, Y ; Akherati, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly most confirmed cases develop respiratory syndromes. Using targeted drug delivery by microcarriers is one of the most important noteworthy methods for delivering drugs to the involved bronchi. This study aims to investigate the performance of a drug delivery that applies microcarriers to each branch of the lung under the influence of a magnetic field. The results show that by changing the inlet velocity from constant to pulsatile, the drug delivery performance to the lungs increases by ∼31%. For transferring the microcarriers to the right side branches (LUL and LLL), placing the magnet at zero height and ∼30° angle yields the best outcome....
Drug delivery performance of nanocarriers based on adhesion and interaction for abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment
, Article International Journal of Pharmaceutics ; Volume 594 , 2021 ; 03785173 (ISSN) ; Vatani, P ; Amani, A ; Shamloo, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers (NCs) is one of the novel techniques that has recently been used to improve drug delivery to the Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surface density of NCs (SDNC) adhered via ligand-receptor binding to the inner wall of AAA. For this purpose, fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis was first performed for the patient-specific and ideal AAA models. Then, by injecting NCs into the aortic artery, the values of SDNC adhered to and interacted with AAA wall were obtained. Two types of NCs, liposomes, and solid particles in four different diameters, were used to investigate the effect of the diameter and...
Secondary flows, mixing, and chemical reaction analysis of droplet-based flow inside serpentine microchannels with different cross sections
, Article Langmuir ; Volume 37, Issue 17 , 2021 , Pages 5118-5130 ; 07437463 (ISSN) ; Madadelahi, M ; Dizani, M ; Shamloo, A ; Sharif University of Technology
American Chemical Society
2021
Abstract
Chemical bioreactions are an important aspect of many recent microfluidic devices, and their applications in biomedical science have been growing worldwide. Droplet-based microreactors are among the attractive types of unit operations, which utilize droplets for enhancement in both mixing and chemical reactions. In the present study, a finite-volume-method (FVM) numerical investigation is conducted based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) applying for the droplet-based flows. This multiphase computational modeling is used for the study of the chemical reaction and mixing phenomenon inside a serpentine microchannel and explores the effects of the aspect ratio (i.e., AR = height/width) of...
Healthy and diseasedin vitromodels of vascular systems
, Article Lab on a Chip ; Volume 21, Issue 4 , 2021 , Pages 641-659 ; 14730197 (ISSN) ; Mallone, A ; Nasrollahi, F ; Ostrovidov, S ; Nasiri, R ; Mahmoodi, M ; Haghniaz, R ; Baidya, A ; Salek, M. M ; Darabi, M. A ; Orive, G ; Shamloo, A ; Dokmeci, M. R ; Ahadian, S ; Khademhosseini, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Royal Society of Chemistry
2021
Abstract
Irregular hemodynamics affects the progression of various vascular diseases, such atherosclerosis or aneurysms. Despite the extensive hemodynamics studies on animal models, the inter-species differences between humans and animals hamper the translation of such findings. Recent advances in vascular tissue engineering and the suitability ofin vitromodels for interim analysis have increased the use ofin vitrohuman vascular tissue models. Although the effect of flow on endothelial cell (EC) pathophysiology and EC-flow interactions have been vastly studied in two-dimensional systems, they cannot be used to understand the effect of other micro- and macro-environmental parameters associated with...
Design of a hybrid inertial and magnetophoretic microfluidic device for ctcs separation from blood
, Article Micromachines ; Volume 12, Issue 8 , 2021 ; 2072666X (ISSN) ; Shamloo, A ; Akbari, J ; Sharif University of Technology
MDPI AG
2021
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation from a blood sample plays an important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Microfluidics offers a great potential for cancer cell separation from the blood. Among the microfluidic-based methods for CTC separation, the inertial method as a passive method and magnetic method as an active method are two efficient well-established methods. Here, we investigated the combination of these two methods to separate CTCs from a blood sample in a single chip. Firstly, numerical simulations were performed to analyze the fluid flow within the proposed channel, and the particle trajectories within the inertial cell separation unit were investigated to...
Design of two Inertial-based microfluidic devices for cancer cell separation from Blood: A serpentine inertial device and an integrated inertial and magnetophoretic device
, Article Chemical Engineering Science ; 2021 ; 00092509 (ISSN) ; Shamloo, A ; Akbari, J ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
The separation of cancer cells from a heterogeneous biological sample such as blood plays a vital role in cancer study and future treatments. In this paper, we designed and investigated two microfluidic devices for cancer cell separation, including a serpentine inertial device and an integrated inertial-magnetophoretic device. Firstly, numerical modeling was carried out to study the fluid flow, particles’ trajectories in the inertial device. Then the device was fabricated using soft photolithography and suspension of two types of microparticles with the size of 10 and 15 µm were injected into the microchannel separately to investigate the particles’ trajectories and focusing behavior at...
Fabrication and characterization of scaffolds containing different amounts of allantoin for skin tissue engineering
, Article Scientific Reports ; Volume 11, Issue 1 , 2021 ; 20452322 (ISSN) ; Shamloo, A ; Bahadoran, M ; Moravvej, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Nature Research
2021
Abstract
Using the skin tissue engineering approach is a way to help the body to recover its lost skin in cases that the spontaneous healing process is either impossible or inadequate, such as severe wounds or burns. In the present study, chitosan/gelatin-based scaffolds containing 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% allantoin were created to improve the wounds’ healing process. EDC and NHS were used to cross-link the samples, which were further freeze-dried. Different in-vitro methods were utilized to characterize the specimens, including SEM imaging, PBS absorption and degradation tests, mechanical experiments, allantoin release profile assessment, antibacterial assay, and cell viability and adhesion tests....