Sharif Digital Repository

This study investigated the lake–aquifer hydraulic interactions in Lake Urmia (LU) as the second largest hypersaline lake in the world. Due to the scarcity of hydrogeological data required for modelling, a method based on Darcy’s Law and lake water budget was used to quantify the lake–aquifer interaction. Long-term ground- and satellite-based hydrological datasets over the time frame 2001–2019 were used. Results indicate that the groundwater flux between LU and the aquifers controls 18.74 ± 1.67% of the lake’s water storage. While 10 out of 14 adjacent aquifers recharge LU at a rate of less than 180 m3/m.month, one phreatic aquifer recharges the LU up to 1400 m3/m.month. Two aquifers are... 

Accurate determination of relative permeability curves and their hysteresis is vital for reliable prediction of the performance of oil and gas reservoirs under enhanced recovery processes. Two out of the three available approaches to simulate three-phase relative permeability hysteresis are based on two-phase hysteresis. A few options (e.g., Carlson, Killough and Jargon models) are available in commercial reservoir simulators to account for hysteresis in relative permeability curves under two-phase flow. These models are based on the assumptions of water-wet state of the rocks, while most of the reservoir rocks are mixed-wet. As a result the aim of the present work is to evaluate the... 

Urmia Lake in the northwest of Iran is the second largest hyper-saline lake worldwide. During the past two decades, a significant water level decline has occurred in the lake. The existing estimations for the lake water balance are widely variable because the lake bathymetry is unknown. The main focus of this study is to extract the volume-area-elevation (V-A-L) characteristics of Urmia Lake utilizing remote sensing data and analytical models. V-A-L equations of the lake were determined using radar altimetry data and their concurrent satellite-derived surface data. Next, two approximate models, a power model (PM) and a truncated pyramid model (TPM), were parameterized for Urmia Lake and... 

Wind energy has been continuously considered as a green, available, and economical alternative source of energy. For centuries, the transformed wind energy to drag-force has been used for transportation in watercrafts. With improvement of aerodynamics, the airfoil was invented to create and use a higher magnitude aerodynamic force, lift-force, in order to elevate airplanes. Later, the lift-force was horizontally applied as the thrust force in land/water wind-crafts. Whereas in airplanes horizontal airfoils (wing) create a vertical lift-force, installed vertical airfoils (wing-sail) produce a horizontal lift-force in wind-crafts. Therefore, this force can be used as thrust (driving) force in... 

A simple conceptual rainfall–runoff model is proposed for the estimation of groundwater balance components in complex karst aquifers. In the proposed model the effects of memory length of different karst flow systems of base-flow, intermediate-flow, and quick-flow and also time variation of recharge area (RA) during a hydrological year were investigated. The model consists of three sub-models: soil moisture balance (SMB), epikarst balance (EPB), and groundwater balance (GWB) to simulate the daily spring discharge. The SMB and EPB sub-models utilize the mass conservation equation to compute the variation of moisture storages in the soil cover and epikarst, respectively. The GWB sub-model... 

Hamoon-Jazmoorian plain is located in southeast of Iran. Overexploitation of groundwater in this plain has led to water level decline and caused serious problems such as land subsidence, aquifer destruction and water quality degradation. The increasing population and agricultural development along with drought and climate change, have further increased the pressure on water resources in this region over the last years. In order to overcome such crisis, introduction of surface water into an aquifer at particular locations can be a suitable solution. A wide variety of methods have been developed to recharge groundwater, one of which is aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). One of the fundamental... 

Traditional load-control musculoskeletal and finite element (FE) models of the spine fail to accurately predict in vivo intervertebral joint loads due mainly to the simplifications and assumptions when estimating redundant trunk muscle forces. An alternative powerful protocol that bypasses the calculation of muscle forces is to drive the detailed FE models by image-based in vivo displacements. Development of subject-specific models, however, both involves the risk of extensive radiation exposures while imaging in supine and upright postures and is time consuming in terms of the reconstruction of the vertebrae, discs, ligaments, and facets geometries. This study therefore aimed to introduce a... 

Transmission lines congestion has recently been a vital challenge in power systems operation due to the intermittent outputs of renewable energy sources (RES). Therefore, an efficient transmission congestion management (TCM) method should be defined to deal with the congestion issue. This paper aims to propose a simultaneous linearized two-stage TEP-BESS co-planning optimization model to relieve transmission lines congestion. In doing so, a novel TCM structure is suggested in a pool-based deregulated data-driven optimal power flows (D-OPF) by the computationally effective min-max regret method to consider future scenarios of generating units and demanded loads. To improve the efficiency of... 

Lake Urmia (LU) once was the second largest hypersaline lake in the world, covering up to 6000 km2, but has undergone catastrophic desiccation in recent years resulting in loss of 90% of its area and extensive coverage by playas and marshlands that represent a source of salt and dust. This study examines daily Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) between 2001 and 2015 over northwestern Iran, which encompasses LU. Intriguingly, salt emissions from the LU surface associated with ongoing desiccation do not drive the study region's AOD profile, whereas pollution transported from other regions and emissions around LU are more important....